REMEDIAL LAW

I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES

A. Distinguish: substantive law and remedial law  

B. Rule-making power of the Supreme Court  
1. Limitations on the rule-making power of the Supreme Court 
2. Power of the Supreme Court to amend and suspend procedural 
C. Nature of Philippine courts  
1. Meaning of a court  
2. Distinguish: court and judge  
3. Classification of Philippine courts  
4. Courts of original and appellate jurisdiction  
5. Courts of general and special jurisdiction  
6. Constitutional and statutory courts  
7. Courts of law and equity  
8. Principle of judicial hierarchy
9. Doctrine of non-interference or doctrine of judicial stability  8. Principle of
judicial hierarchy  

II. JURISDICTION  

A. Classification of jurisdiction  
1. Distinguish: original and appellate  
2. Distinguish: general and special  

B. Doctrines of hierarchy of courts and continuity of jurisdiction  3. Distinguish:

exclusive and concurrent  
C. Jurisdiction of various Philippine courts  
1. Supreme Court  
2. Court of Appeals  
3. Court of Tax Appeals
4. Sandiganbayan
5. Regional Trial Courts
6. Family Courts
7. Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts in
Cities, and Municipal Circuit Trial Courts.

D. Aspects of jurisdiction  
1. Jurisdiction over the parties  
a. How jurisdiction over the plaintiff is acquired  
b. How jurisdiction over the defendant is acquired  
2. Jurisdiction over the subject matter  
a. Meaning of jurisdiction over the subject matter  
b. Distinguish: jurisdiction and exercise of jurisdiction  
c. How jurisdiction is conferred and determined  
d. Distinguish: doctrine of primary administrative jurisdiction and Courts in Cities, and
Municipal Circuit Trial Courts  
e. Doctrine of adherence of jurisdiction  
f. Objections to jurisdiction over the subject matter  
doctrine of exhaustion of administrative remedies  
g. Effect of estoppel on objection to jurisdiction  

3. Jurisdiction over the issues  

4. Jurisdiction over the res or property in litigation  
5. Jurisdiction over the remedies  

E. Distinguish: error of jurisdiction and error of judgment 

F. Distinguish: jurisdiction and venue  
G. Jurisdiction over small claims, cases covered by the rules on 
H. How jurisdiction is determined  

III. CIVIL PROCEDURE  

A. GENERAL PROVISIONS  
B. ACTIONS  
1. Meaning of ordinary civil actions  
2. Meaning of special civil actions  
3. Meaning of criminal actions  
4. Distinguish: civil actions and special proceedings  
5. Personal actions and real actions  
6. Local and transitory actions  
7. Actions in rem, in personam and quasi in rem  

C. CAUSE OF ACTION  
1. Meaning of cause of action  
2. Distinguish: right of action and cause of action  
3. Distinguish: failure to state a cause of action and lack of cause of 
4. Test of the sufficiency of a cause of action  action  
5. Splitting a single cause of action and its effects 
6. Joinder and misjoinder of causes of action  

D. PARTIES TO CIVIL ACTIONS  

1. Real parties in interest; indispensable parties; representatives as  parties
necessary parties; indigent Parties; alternative defendants 
2. Compulsory and permissive joinder of parties  
3. Misjoinder and non-joinder of parties  
4. Class suit  
5. Suits against entities without juridical personality  
6. Effect of death of party litigant  

E. VENUE  
1. Venue of real actions  
2. Venue of personal actions  
3. Venue of actions against non-residents  
4. When the rules on venue do not apply 
5. Effects of stipulations on venue  

F. PLEADINGS  
1. Kinds of pleadings and when they should be filed  
a. Complaint  
b. Answer  
i. Negative defenses  
ii. Negative pregnant  
c. Counterclaims  
i. Compulsory counterclaim  
ii. Permissive counterclaim  
iii. Effect on the counterclaim when the complaint is dismissed  
d. Cross-claims  
e. Third (fourth, etc.) party complaints  
f. Complaint-in-intervention  
g. Reply  
2. Pleadings allowed in small claims cases and cases covered by the  h. Extensions of
3. Parts and contents of a pleading  
Rules on Summary Procedure  time to file  
a. Caption  
b. Signature and address  
c. Verification  
d. Certification against forum shopping  
e. Contents of a pleading  
4. Allegations in a pleading  
a. Manner of making allegations  
i. Condition precedent  
ii. Fraud, mistake, malice, intent, knowledge and other condition of the mind,
judgments, official documents or acts
b. Pleading an actionable document
c. Specific denials 
 
G.  SUMMONS  

1. Nature and purpose of summons  

a. In relation to actions in personam, in rem and quasi in rem 
b. When summons are issued  
c. Contents of summons 
d. Duty of counsel  
e. Return  
2. Voluntary appearance  
3. Who may serve summons  
4. Personal service 
5. Substituted service  
6. Constructive service  
a. Service upon a defendant where his identity is unknown or 
b. Service upon residents temporarily outside the Philippines  where his whereabouts
are unknown  
7. Extraterritorial service, when allowed  
8. Service upon prisoners and minors; upon spouses 
9. Service upon domestic or foreign private juridical entities 
10. Proof of service  

H. MOTIONS  
1. Motions in general  
a. Definition of a motion  
b. Distinguish: motions and pleadings  
c. Contents and form of motions  
d. Litigious and non-litigious motions; when notice of hearing 
e. Omnibus motion rule  necessary  
f. Prohibited motions  
2. Motions for Bill of Particulars  
a. Purpose and when applied for  
b. Actions of the court  
c. Compliance with the order and effect of noncompliance 
d. Effect on the period to file a responsive pleading  

I. DISMISSAL OF ACTIONS  
1. Dismissal with prejudice  
2. Dismissal upon notice by plaintiff 
3. Dismissal upon motion by plaintiff; effect on existing counterclaim.
4. Dismissal due to the fault of plaintiff
5. Dismissal of counterclaim, cross-claim or third-party complaint   
J. PRE-TRIAL  
1. Concept of pre-trial  
2. Nature and purpose  
3. Notice of pre-trial  
4. Appearance of parties; effect of failure to appear  
5. Pre-trial brief; effect of failure to appear  
6. Pre-trial order  
7. Distinguish: pre-trial in civil cases and pre-trial in criminal cases 

K. INTERVENTION  
1. Requisites for intervention  
2. Time to intervene  
3. Remedy for the denial of motion to intervene 

L. SUBPOENA  
1. Subpoena duces tecum  
2. Subpoena ad testificandum  
3. Service of subpoena  
4. Compelling attendance of witnesses; contempt  
5. Quashing of subpoena  

M. COMPUTATION OF TIME  

N. MODES OF DISCOVERY  
1. Depositions pending action; depositions before action or pending 
a. Meaning of deposition  appeal  
b. Uses; scope of examination  
c. When may objections to admissibility be made  
d. When may taking of deposition be terminated or its scope limited  
2. Written interrogatories to adverse parties  
a. Consequences of refusal to answer  
b. Effect of failure to serve written interrogatories  
3. Request for admission  
b. Consequences of failure to answer request for admission  a. Implied admission by
adverse party  
c. Effect of admission  
d. Effect of failure to file and serve request for admission 
4. Production or inspection of documents or things  
5. Physical and mental examination of persons 
6. Consequences of refusal to comply with modes of discovery 

0. TRIAL  
1. Adjournments and postponements  
2. Requisites of motion to postpone trial  
a. For absence of evidence  
b. For illness of party or counsel  
3. Agreed statement of facts  
4. Order of trial; reversal of order  
5. Consolidation or severance of hearing or trial  
6. Delegation of reception of evidence  
7. Trial by commissioners  
a. Reference by consent or ordered on motion  
b. Powers of the commissioner  
c. Commissioner's report; notice to parties and hearing on the report  

P. DEMURRER TO EVIDENCE  
1. Ground  
2. Effect of denial  
3. Effect of grant  
4. Waiver of right to present evidence 
5. Action on demurrer to evidence 

Q. JUDGMENTS AND FINAL ORDERS  

1. Judgment after pre-trial  
2. Judgment without trial  
3. Judgment on the pleadings  
4. Summary judgments  
a. For the claimant  
b. For the defendant  
c. When the case not fully adjudicated  
d. Affidavits and attachments  
5. Distinguish: judgment on the pleadings and summary judgments 
6. Contents of a judgment  
7. Rendition of judgments and final orders  
8. Entry of judgment and final order 

R. POST-JUDGMENT REMEDIES  
1. Motion for new trial or reconsideration  
a. Grounds  
b. When to file  c. Denial of the motion; effect  
d. Grant of the motion; effect  
e. Remedy when motion is denied, fresh 15-day period rule  
2. Appeals in general  
a. Judgments and final orders subject to appeal  
b. Matters not appealable  
c. Remedy against judgments and orders which are not appealable 
d. Modes of appeal  
i. Ordinary appeal  
ii. Petition for review  
iii. Petition for review on certiorari  
e. Issues to be raised on appeal  
f. Period of appeal  
g. Perfection of appeal  
h. Appeal from judgments or final orders of the Metropolitan Trial  Courts/Municipal
Trial Courts/Municipal Trial Courts in  Cities/Municipal Circuit Trial Courts  
1. Appeal from judgments or final orders of the Regional Trial  
J. Appeal from judgments or final orders of the Court of Appeals  Courts  
k. Appeal from judgments or final orders of the Sandiganbayan  
1. Appeal from judgments or final orders of the Court of Tax Appeals  
m. Review of final judgments or final orders of the Commission on Audit 
n. Review of final judgments or final orders of the Commission on Elections  
o. Review of final judgments or final orders of the Civil Service  
p. Review of final judgments or final orders of the Ombudsman  Commission  
q. Review of final judgments or final orders of the National Labor 
 r. Review of final judgments or final orders of quasi-judicial  Relations Commission  
3. Relief from judgments, orders and other proceedings agencies  
a. Grounds for availing of the remedy  
b. Time to file petition  
c. Effects of judgment of annulment  
4. Annulment of Judgments or final orders and resolutions 
a. Grounds for annulment  
b. Period to file action 
c. Contents of petition  
5. Collateral attack of judgments

S. EXECUTION, SATISFACTION, AND EFFECT OF JUDGMENTS  

1. Difference between finality of judgment for purposes of appeal; for 
2. When execution shall issue  purposes of execution  
3. How a judgment is executed  
a. Execution by motion or by independent action  
b. Issuance and contents of a writ of execution  
c. Execution of judgments for money  
d. Execution of judgments for specific acts  
e. Execution of special judgments  
f. Effect of levy on third persons  
4. Properties exempt from execution  
5. Proceedings where property is claimed by third persons; in relation 
6. Rules on redemption  
7. Examination of judgment obligor when judgment is unsatisfied 
to third party claim in attachment and replevin  
8. Examination of obligor of judgment obligor  
9. Effect of judgment or final orders  
10. Enforcement and effect of foreign judgments or final orders 

Summary Procedure and Barangay Conciliation  

7. Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts, Municipal Trial  6. Family Courts  
5. Regional Trial Courts  
4. Sandiganbayan  
3. Court of Tax Appeals  

e. Supplemental pleadings  
d. Effect of amended pleading  
c. Formal amendment  
b. Amendments by leave of court  
a. Amendment as a matter of right  
8. Amendment  
i. Proof of filing and service  
h. When service is deemed complete  
documents  
g. Conventional service or filing of orders, pleadings, and other  court-issued orders
and other documents  
f. Service of judgments, final orders or resolutions; service of  v. Service as provided for
in international conventions  
electronic means  
iv. Service by electronic mail, facsimile transmission, or other  iii. Service by accredited
courier  
ii. Service by registered mail  
i. Personal service  
e. Modes of service  
iv. Transmittal by electronic mail or other electronic means  iii. Filing by accredited
courier  
ii. Filing by registered mail  
i. Personal filing  
d. Manner of filing  
c. Periods of filing of pleadings  
b. Distinguish: filing and service of pleadings  
a. Payment of docket fees  
7. Filing and service of pleadings  
f. Actions where default are not allowed  
e. Extent of relief  
d. Effect of a partial default  
c. Relief from an order of default  
b. Effect of an order of default  
a. When a declaration of default is proper  
6. Default  
b. Failure to plead a compulsory counterclaim and cross-claim  a. Failure to plead
defenses and objections  
5. Effect of failure to plead  
d. Affirmative defenses  
ii. When a specific denial requires an oath  
i. Effect of failure to make specific denials  

evidence in a criminal case  

6. Distinguish: demurrer to evidence in a civil case and demurrer to  

Page 8 of28  

I 

2. Requisites  
1. Grounds for issuance of writ of attachment  C. PRELIMINARY ATTACHMENT  

B. JURISDICTION OVER PROVISIONAL REMEDIES  A. NATURE AND

PURPOSE  
IV. PROVISIONAL REMEDIES  

a. Execution as a matter of right   A. NATURE OF SPECIAL CIVIL ACTIONS  

b. Discretionary execution  

V. SPECIAL CIVIL ACTIONS  

6. Precautionary Hold Departure Orders  

5. Financial Rehabilitation and Insolvency Act  4. Anti-Money Laundering Act  

3. Anti-Violence against Women and Children Act  2. Human Security Act  
1. Provisional remedies of the Family Courts  LAWS AND RULES  

G. PROVISIONAL REMEDIES AND INTERIM RELIEFS UNDER SPECIAL  

claimed by third party  

4. Sheriffs duty in the implementation of the writ; when property is  3. Affidavit and
bond; redelivery bond  
2. Requisites  
1. When may writ be issued  
F. REPLEVIN  

6. Termination of receivership  
5. Two kinds of bonds  
4. General powers of a receiver  
3. Requirements before issuance of an order  
2. Requisites  
1. Cases when receiver may be appointed  
E. RECEIVERSHIP  

to attachment  
8. Rule on prior or contemporaneous service of summons in relation  7. Duration of
temporary restraining orders  
restraining order  
6. Grounds for objection to, or for the dissolution of injunction or  5. Grounds for
issuance of preliminary injunction  
4. When writ may be issued, when writ may not be issued  3. Kinds of injunctions;
kinds of temporary restraining orders  2. Requisites  
restraining order, and status quo ante order  
1. Definitions and differences: preliminary injunction, temporary  D. PRELIMINARY
INJUNCTION  

8. Compared with garnishment and levy on execution  

7. Satisfaction of judgment out of property attached  
6. Discharge of attachment and the counter-bond  
attached is claimed by third person  
5. Manner of attaching real and personal property; when property  4. Rule on prior or
contemporaneous service of summons  
3. Issuance and contents of order of attachment; affidavit and bond  

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I 
4. Judgment in quo warranto action  3. When individual may commence an action 
associations  

2. When government commences an action against individuals or  warranto under the
Omnibus Election Code  
1. Distinguish: quo warranto under the Rules of Court and quo  H. Quo WARRANTO  

12. Effects of filing of an unmeritorious petition  

11. Where to file petition  
cases  
10. Acts or omissions of first-level/Regional Trial Courts in election  9. Reliefs petitioner
is entitled to  
petition  
8. Exceptions to filing of motion for reconsideration before filing  7. When and where to
file petition  
6. Distinguish: prohibition, mandamus, and injunction  
Section 1 of the Constitution  
5. Distinguish: certiorari, appeal by certiorari, and Article VIII,  4. Injunctive relief  
3. When petition for certiorari, prohibition and mandamus is proper  2. Requisites  
1. Definitions and distinctions  
G. CERTIORARI, PROHIBITION AND MANDAMUS  

application of Rule 65 to other tribunals, persons and officers  Commission on Elections

and Commission on Audit and the  1. Distinctions in the application of Rule 65 to
judgments of the  COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS AND THE COMMISSION ON
AUDIT  F. REVIEW OF JUDGMENTS AND FINAL ORDERS OR RESOLUTION OF
THE  

c. Quieting of title to real property  

b. Consolidation of ownership  
a. Reformation of an instrument  
5. Proceedings considered as similar remedies  
4. Conversion to ordinary action  
3. When court may refuse to make judicial declaration  
2. Requisites of action for declaratory relief  
1. Who may file action  
E. DECLARATORY RELIEFS AND SIMILAR REMEDIES  

3. Dismissal  
2. When to file  
1. Requisites for interpleader  
D. INTERPLEADER  

C. JURISDICTION AND VENUE  

B. DISTINGUISH: ORDINARY CIVIL ACTIONS AND SPECIAL CIVIL ACTIONS  

Page 11 of28 

3. Two stages in every action for partition  

2. Matters to allege in the complaint for partition  
1. Who may file complaint; who should be made defendants  
9. Annulment of sale ,I K. PARTITION  c. Pendency of action for annulment of sale  
b. Enforcement against third parties  
a. Ministerial duty of the court  
8. Writ of possession  
d. Effect of pendency of action for annulment of sale  
c. Period for redemption  
b. Amount of redemption price  
a. Who may redeem  
7. Redemption  
6. Remedy of debtor if foreclosure is not proper  
5. Possession by purchaser of foreclosed property  
needed  
iii. Personal notice to the mortgagor when and when not  
1i. Need for republication in case of postponement  
i. Sufficiency of newspaper publication  
d. Publication requirement  
c. Posting requirement  
b. Where to sell  
a. Where to file  
4. Procedure  
3. Authority to foreclose extrajudicially  
2. Need for special power of attorney  
b. Extrajudicial foreclosure  
a. Judicial foreclosure  
1. Kinds of foreclosure  
J. FORECLOSURE OF REAL ESTATE MORTGAGE  

10. Effect of recording of judgment  

9. Rights of plaintiff upon judgment and payment  
action upon commissioner's report  
8. Appointment of commissioners; commissioner's report; court  7. Ascertainment of
just compensation  
6. Order of expropriation  
5. Defenses and objections  
4. New system of immediate payment of initial just compensation  property  
3. When plaintiff can immediately enter into possession of the real  2. Two stages in
every action for expropriation  
1. Matters to allege in complaint for expropriation  
I. EXPROPRIATION  

6. Limitations  
5. Rights of a person adjudged entitled to public office  
Page 12 of28  

4. Summary settlement of estates of small value, when allowed  

3. Affidavit of self-adjudication by sole heir  
2. Two-year prescriptive period  
allowed  
~ 
1. Extrajudicial settlement by agreement between heirs, when  
B. SUMMARY SETTLEMENT OF ESTATES  

4. Powers and duties of probate court  

3. Extent of jurisdiction of probate court  
2. Venue in judicial settlement of estate  
1. Which court has jurisdiction  
PROCESS  
A. SETTLEMENT OF ESTATE OF DECEASED PERSONS, VENUE AND  VI.
SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS  

8. Contempt against quasi-judicial bodies  

7. When imprisonment shall be imposed  
6. Acts deemed punishable as indirect contempt  
5. How contempt proceedings are commenced  
4. Remedy against indirect contempt; penalty  
3. Remedy against direct contempt; penalty  
2. Purpose and nature of each  
1. Kinds of contempt  
M. CONTEMPT  

11. Prohibited pleadings and motions  

10. How to stay the immediate execution of judgment  
9. Resolving defense of ownership  
8. Preliminary injunction and preliminary mandatory injunction  7. When demand is
necessary  
6. Action on the complaint  
5. Pleadings allowed  
may be maintained  
4. Who may institute the action and when; against whom the action  3. Jurisdiction in
accion publiciana and accion reivindicatoria  
publiciana, and accion reivindicatoria  
2. Distinguish: forcible entry, unlawful detainer, accion  
1. Definitions and distinction  
L. FORCIBLE ENTRY AND UNLAWFUL DETAINER  

9. When partition is not allowed  

8. Prescription of action  
7. Partition of personal property  
6. Judgment and its effects  
commissioner's report; court action upon commissioner's report  
5. Partition by commissioners; appointment of commissioners,  
4. Order of partition and partition by agreement  

Page 13 of28  

JJ 
5. Extent of authority of trustee  
4. Grounds for removal and resignation of a trustee  3. Requisites for the removal and
resignation of a trustee  2. Conditions of the bond  

1. Distinguish: trustee and executor/administrator  I. TRUSTEES  

4. Instances when probate court may issue writ of execution  

3. Remedy of an heir entitled to residue but not given his share  2. Project of partition  
1. Liquidation  
H. DISTRIBUTION AND PARTITION  

property fraudulently conveyed by the deceased  

2. Requisites before creditor may bring an action for recovery of  1. Actions that may be
brought against executors and administrators  G. ACTIONS BY AND AGAINST
EXECUTORS AND ADMINISTRATORS  

4. Payment of debts  
3. Claim of executor or administrator against the estate  
2. Statute of non-claims  
1. Time within which claims shall be filed; exceptions  
F. CLAIMS AGAINST THE ESTATE  

6. Grounds for removal of administrator  

5. Appointment of special administrator  
the powers  
4. Powers and duties of executors and administrators; restrictions on  of petition for
administration  
3. Opposition to issuance of letters testamentary; simultaneous filing  2. Order of
preference  
1. When and to whom letters of administration granted  
E. LETTERS TESTAMENT ARY AND OF ADMINISTRATION  

Philippines; effects of probate  

3. Reprobate; requisites before will proved outside allowed in the  2. Grounds for
disallowing a will  
1. Contents of petition for allowance of will  
D. ALLOWANCE OR DISALLOW ANCE OF WILL  

2. Who may petition for probate; persons entitled to notice  1. Nature of probate
proceeding  
C. PRODUCTION AND PROBATE OF WILL  

estate  
5. Remedies of aggrieved parties after extra-judicial settlement of  
Page 14 of28  

2. Availability of writ  
1. Scope of writ  
0. WRIT OF HABEAS DATA  

12. Quantum of proof in application for issuance of writ of amparo  JJ 

11. Interim reliefs available to petitioner and respondent  
10. Consolidation  
9. Effect of filing of a criminal action  
8. Institution of separate action  
7. Procedure for hearing  
6. Omnibus waiver rule  
5. Effects of failure to file return  
4. Contents of return  
3. Who may file  
2. Differences between amparo and search warrant  
1. Coverage  
N. WRITOFAMPARO  

7. Writ of habeas corpus in relation to custody of minors  

habeas data  
6. Distinguish: writ of habeas corpus, writ of amparo, and writ of  5. When writ disallowed
or discharged  
4. When not proper or applicable  
3. Peremptory writ and preliminary citation  
2. Contents of the return  
1. Contents of the petition  
M. WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS  

c. "Best interest of the child" standard  

b. Functions of the Regional Trial Court  
a. When allowed  
3. Inter-country adoption  
c. Effects of rescission of adoption  
b. Instances when adoption may be rescinded  
a. Effects of adoption  
2. Domestic adoption  
1. Distinguish domestic adoption from inter-country adoption  
L. ADOPTION  

4. Termination of guardianship  
3. General powers and duties of guardians  
2. Appointment of guardians  
1. Venue  
K. GUARDIANSHIP  

3. Remedy of respondent against petition; period for filing a claim  2. Requisites for
filing of petition  
1. When to file  
J. ESCHEAT  

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9. Amendment or substitution of complaint or information  8. Duplicity of the offense;

exception  
7. Cause of the accusation  
6. Designation of offense  
5. Sufficiency of complaint or information  

4. Control of prosecution  
3. Criminal actions, when enjoined  
2. Who may file them, crimes that cannot be prosecuted de oficio  1. Criminal actions,
how instituted  
B. PROSECUTION OF OFFENSES  

4. When injunction may be issued to restrain criminal prosecution  3. Jurisdiction of

criminal courts  
2. Requisites for exercise of criminal jurisdiction  
person of the accused  
1. Distinguish jurisdiction over subject matter from jurisdiction over  A.
GENERALMATTERS  

VII. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE  

4. Rule on advance distribution  

3. Modes of appeal  
2. When to appeal  
1. Judgments and orders for which appeal may be taken  
S. APPEALS IN SPECIAL PROCEEDING  

relation to Republic Act No. 9048  

1. Entries subject to cancellation or correction under Rule 108, in  REGISTRY  
R. CANCELLATION OR CORRECTION OF ENTRIES IN THE CIVIL  

2. Who may file; when to file  

1. Purpose of the rule  
Q. ABSENTEES  

2. Grounds for change of name  

1. Differences under Rule 103, Republic Act No. 9048 and Rule 108  P. CHANGE OF
NAME  

data  
10. Quantum of proof in application for issuance of writ of habeas  9. Institution of
separate action  
8. Effect of filing of a criminal action  
7. Consolidation  
6. Instances when petition be heard in chambers  
5. Contents of return  
4. Contents of the petition  
3. Who may file  

Page 16 of28  
/ 

irregular preliminary investigation  

9. Application not a bar to objections in illegal arrest, lack of or  8. Forfeiture and
cancellation of bail  
7. Increase or reduction of bail  
6. Bail when not required  
5. Guidelines in fixing amount of bail  
4. Hearing of application for bail in capital offenses  
3. When a matter of discretion  
2. When a matter of right; exceptions  
1. Nature  
F. BAIL  

5. Determination of probable cause for issuance of warrant of arrest  4. Requisites of a

valid warrant of arrest  
c. By private person  
b. By officer without warrant  
a. By officer with warrant  
3. Method of arrest  
2. Arrest without warrant, when lawful  
1. Arrest, how made  
E. ARREST  

9. Inquest  
8. Remedies of accused if there was no preliminary investigation  7. Cases not requiring
a preliminary investigation  
6. When warrant of arrest may issue  
5. Review  
4. Resolution of investigation prosecutor  
cause  
a. Distinguish: executive and judicial determination of probable  3. Who may conduct
determination of existence of probable cause  2. Purposes of preliminary investigation  
1. Nature of right  
D. PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION  

criminal action  
6. Rule on filing fees in civil action deemed instituted with the  5. Prejudicial question  
4. Effect of the death of accused or convict on civil action  3. When separate civil action
is suspended  
2. When civil action may proceed independently  
1. Rule on implied institution of civil action with criminal action  C. PROSECUTION
OF CIVIL ACTION  

11. Intervention of offended party  

10. Venue of criminal actions  
Page 17 of28 

4. Instances when judgment becomes final  

in absentia  
3. Promulgation of judgment; instances of promulgation of judgment /  2. Contents of
judgment  
1. Requisites of a judgment  
K. JUDGMENT  

e. Promulgation  
d. Trial; memoranda  
c. Arraignment and pre-trial  
b. Prohibited and meritorious motions  
a. Applicability  
8. Guidelines on continuous trial  
7. Demurrer to evidence  
6. Effects of discharge of accused as state witness  
5. Requisites for discharge of accused to become a state witness  period  
4. Remedy when accused is not brought to trial within the prescribed  3. Trial in
absentia  
witness  
2. Requisite before trial can be suspended on account of absence of  1. Instances when
presence of accused is required by law  
J. TRIAL  

5. Pre-trial order  
4. Non-appearance during pre-trial  
3. Pre-trial agreement  
agree to the plea offered by the accused  
2. What the court should do when prosecution and offended party  1. Matters to be
considered during pre-trial  
I. PRE-TRIAL  

6. Provisional dismissal  
5. Double jeopardy  
another prosecution  
4. Exception to the rule that sustaining the motion is not a bar to  3. Effects of sustaining
the motion to quash  
2. Distinguish from demurrer to evidence  
1. Grounds  
H. MOTION TO QUASH  

6. Improvident plea  
5. Searching inquiry  
4. Accused plead guilty to capital offense, what the court should do  3. When may
accused enter a plea of guilty to a lesser offense  2. When should plea of not guilty be
entered  
1. How made  
G. ARRAIGNMENT AND PLEA  

Page 18 of28  

/ 

2. Scope of the rules of evidence  

1. Concept of evidence  
A. GENERAL PRINCIPLES  

VIII. EVIDENCE  

0. PROVISIONAL REMEDIES IN CRIMINAL CASES  

h. Destruction of computer data  
g. Custody of computer data  
f. Search, seizure, and examination of computer data  e. Interception of computer data  
d. Disclosure of computer data  
c. Preservation of computer data  
b. General provisions  
a. Scope and applicability  
10. Cybercrime warrants  
9. Remedies from unlawful search and seizure  

g. Enforcement of custom laws  

f. Stop and frisk situation  
e. Plain view situation  
d. Check points; body checks in airport  
c. Search of moving vehicle  
b. Consented search  
a. Search incidental to lawful arrest  
8. Exceptions to search warrant requirement  

7. Personal property to be seized  

6. Particularity of place to be searched and things to be seized  5. Personal examination

by judge of the applicant and witnesses  4. Probable cause for issuance of search
warrant  
3. Application for search warrant, where filed  
2. Distinguish from warrant of arrest  
1. Nature of search warrant  
N. SEARCH AND SEIZURE  

5. Grounds for dismissal of appeal  

4. Effect of appeal by any of several accused  
3. How appeal taken  
2. Where to appeal  
1. Effect of an appeal  
M. APPEAL  

4. Effects of granting a new trial or reconsideration  

discovered evidence  
3. Requisites before a new trial may be granted on ground of newly  2. Grounds for
reconsideration  
1. Grounds for new trial  
L. NEW TRIAL OR RECONSIDERATION  
Page 19 of28 

2. Requisites for admissibility  

1. Meaning of documentary evidence  
D. DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE  
methodology .f'  e. Rules on evaluation of reliability of the DNA testing  
admissibility  
d. Assessment of probative value of DNA evidence and  
c. Post-conviction DNA testing; remedy  
b. Application for DNA testing order  
a. Meaning of DNA  
5. DNA Evidence  
Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002  
4. Chain of custody in relation to Section 21 of the Comprehensive  3. Categories of
object evidence  
2. Requisites for admissibility  
1. Nature of object evidence  
C. OBJECT (REAL) EVIDENCE  

c. Pre-trial admissions  
b. How judicial admissions may be contradicted  
a. Effect of judicial admissions  
3. Judicial admissions  
b. Discretionary  
a. Mandatory  
2. Matters of judicial notice  
1. What need not be proved  
B. JUDICIAL NOTICE AND JUDICIAL ADMISSIONS  
9. Quantum of evidence  
8. Construction of the rules of evidence  
accused in criminal cases  
c. Presumptions in civil actions and proceedings; against an  
b. Disputable presumptions  
a. Conclusive presumptions  
7. Presumptions  
6. Burden of proof and burden of evidence  
h. Competent and credible evidence  
g. Positive and negative evidence  
f. Direct and circumstantial evidence  
e. Curative admissibility  
d. Conditional admissibility  
c. Multiple admissibility  
b. Relevance of evidence and collateral matters  
Constitution, laws, and the Rules of Court  
a. Requisites for admissibility of evidence; exclusions under the  5. Admissibility of
evidence  
4. Distinguish:/actum probans andfactum probandum  
3. Distinguish: proof and evidence  

Page 20 of28  

I 

a. Rights and obligations of a witness  3. Examination of a witness  

d. Trade secrets  
c. Parental and filial privilege rule  v. Public officers  
iv. Priest and penitent  
iii. Physician and patient  
1i. Attorney and client; exceptions  i. Husband and wife  
on third parties  

b. Disqualification by reason of privileged communications; rule  a. Disqualification by

reason of marriage  
2. Disqualifications of witnesses  
1. Qualifications of a witness  
E. TESTIMONIAL EVIDENCE  

m. Documentary evidence in an unofficial language  

1. Alterations in a document  
k. Proof of notarial documents  
j. How a judicial record is impeached  
i. Proof of lack of record  
h. Public record of a public document  
g. Attestation of a copy  
f. Public documents as evidence; proof of official record  e. Genuineness of
handwriting  
required  
d. When evidence of authenticity of a private writing is not  private writing  
c. When a private writing requires authentication; proof of a  b. Classes of documents  
a. Meaning of authentication  
6. Authentication and proof of documents  
c. Distinguish: original document rule and parol evidence rule  b. When parol evidence
can be introduced  
a. Application of the parol evidence rule  
5. Parol evidence rule  
e. Audio, photographic, video and ephemeral evidence  
d. Electronic documents and the hearsay rule  
signatures  
c. Authentication of electronic documents and electronic  method of proof  
b. Probative value of electronic documents or evidentiary weight;  a. Meaning of
electronic evidence; electronic data massage  4. Electronic evidence  
d. Secondary evidence; summaries  
c. Meaning of original document and duplicate  
b. When not applicable  
a. Meaning of the rule  
3. Original document rule  

Page 21 of28  

f 

6. Opinion rule  
d. Independently relevant statements  
x111. Residual exception  
xii. Testimony or deposition at a former trial  xi. Learned treatises  
x. Commercial lists and the like  
ix. Entries in official records  
v111. Records of regularly conducted business activity  vii. Part of the res gestae  
vi. Common reputation  
v. Family reputation or tradition regarding pedigree  iv. Act or declaration about
pedigree  

iii. Declaration against interest  

ii. Statement of decedent or person of unsound mind  i. Dying declaration  
c. Exceptions to the hearsay rule  
b. Reason for exclusion of hearsay evidence  
a. Meaning of hearsay  
5. Hearsay rule  
j. Admissibility of offers of compromise  

i. Similar acts as evidence  

h. Confessions  
g. Admission by silence  
f. Admission by privies  
e. Admission by a conspirator  
d. Admission by a co-partner or agent  
c. Admission by a third party  
b. Res inter alias acta rule  
a. Admission by a party  
4. Admissions and confessions  
ix. Protective orders  
viii. Sexual abuse shield rule  
vii. Hearsay exception in child abuse cases  
vi. Videotaped deposition of a child witness  
v. Live-link TV testimony of a child witness  iv. Examination of a child witness  
iii. Competency of a child witness  
ii. Meaning of "child witness"  
i. Applicability of the rule  
f. Examination of a child witness  
e. Referral of witness to memorandum  
statements  

iv. How the witness is impeached by evidence of inconsistent  iii. Own witness  
ii. By evidence of conviction of crime  
i. Adverse party's witness  
d. Impeachment of witness  
c. Leading and misleading questions  
b. Order in the examination of an individual witness  

Page 22 of28  

jJ 

C.  
Prohibited pleadings and motions  
Commencement of small claims action; response  

B.  
Scope and applicability of the Rule  
A.  

XI. RULES OF PROCEDURE FOR SMALL CLAIMS CASES  

F. Repudiation  
E. Execution  
D. When parties may directly go to court  
C. Venue  
B. Subject matter for amicable settlement  
A. Cases covered  

X. KATARUNGANG PAMBARANGAY  
E. Appeal  
D. Prohibited pleadings and motions  
C. Preliminary conference and appearances of parties  B. Effect of failure to answer  
A. Cases covered by the Rule  

IX. REVISED RULES ON SUMMARY PROCEDURE  

7. Tender of excluded evidence  

6. Striking out of an answer  
5. Ruling  
4. Repetition of an objection  
3. Objection  
2. When to make an offer  
1. Offer of evidence  
F. OFFER AND OBJECTION  

f. Effect of non-compliance  
e. Application in criminal cases  
d. Offer and objection  
c. Contents  
b. Submission in lieu of direct testimony  
a. Scope  
8. Judicial affidavits  
c. Criminal and civil cases  
b. Civil cases  
a. Criminal cases  
7. Character evidence  
b. Opinion of ordinary witness  
a. Opinion of expert witness; weight given  

Page 23 of28  

/ 

3. Prohibited submissions  
2. Summary proceedings in certain cases  
1. Subject matter  
Special Rules of Court on Alternative Dispute Resolution  

F.  
E.  
Venue and jurisdiction  
D.  
Appeal from court decisions on arbitral awards  

Judicial review of arbitral awards  

C.  
B.  
Domestic arbitration  
comparison with court-annexed mediation  

Types of processes and procedures in alternative dispute resolution;  A.  

XIII. ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION  

2. Documentary evidence  
1. Precautionary principle  
E. Evidence  
8. Subsidiary liabilities  
7. Pre-trial  
6. Arraignment and plea  
5. Bail  
4. Procedure in the custody and disposition of seized items  3. Arrest without warrant,
when valid  
2. Institution of criminal and civil action  
1. Who may file  
D. Criminal procedure  
4. Writ of continuing mandamus  
3. Discovery measures  
2. Prohibited pleadings and motions  
1. Writ of kalikasan  
C. Special proceedings  
7. Strategic lawsuit against public participation  
mandamus  
6. Permanent environmental protection order; writ of continuing  5. Judgment and
execution; reliefs in a citizen's suit  
4. Temporary environmental protection order  
3. Prohibited pleadings and motions  
2. Pre-trial conference; consent decree  
injunction  
1. Prohibition against temporary restraining order and preliminary  B. Civil procedure  
A. Scope and applicability of the Rule  

XII. RULES OF PROCEDURE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CASES  

F. Finality of judgment  
E. Hearing; duty of the judge  
D. Appearances  

Page 24 of28  
f 
8. Special civil action for certiorari  
7. Recognition and enforcement of a foreign arbitral award  commercial arbitral award  

6. Enforcement and recognition or setting aside of an international  5. Interim measures

of protection  
enforceability of arbitration agreements  
4. Judicial relief involving the issue of existence, validity and  

Page 25 of28  

,P 
Domestic Adoption Act of 1998  

Family Courts Act of 1997  

Inter-Country Adoption Act of 1995  

or Under Custodial Investigation  Rights of Persons Arrested, Detained,  

Local Government Code of 1991  

Appeals  
An Act Creating the Court of Tax  

Purposes  
as "Sandiganbayan" and for Other  Creating a Special Court to be Known  

Philippines  
Code of Muslim Personal Laws of the  

Philippines  
Omnibus Election Code of the  
1980  
The Judiciary Reorganization Act of  

c. Rep. Act No. 11222  b. Rep. Act No. 10165  a. Rep. Act No. 8552  
as amended by:  
Rep. Act No. 8552  

Rep. Act No. 9775  

as amended by  
Rep. Act No. 8369  

Rep. Act No. 9523  

as amended by  
Rep. Act No. 8043  

Rep. Act No. 7438  

ch.2,sec. 19  
Rep. Act No. 7160,  

c. Rep. Act No. 9282  

b. Rep. Act No. 9503  
a. Rep. Act No. 3457  
as amended by:  
Rep. Act No. 1125  

Rep. Act No. 10660  

as amended by  
Pres. Decree No. 1606  

Pres. Decree No. 1083  

Art. XXI  
B.P. Blg. 881,  

d. Pres. Decree No. 1860  c. Rep. Act No. 7902  

b. Rep. Act No. 9252  
a. Rep. Act No. 9276  
as amended by:  
B.P. Blg. 129  
II. LAWS  

I. THE 1987 CONSTITUTION  

LIST OF RELEVANT MATERIALS  

Page 26 of28  

/ 
Insolvency Act of 2010  Financial Rehabilitation and  

Human Security Act of 2007  Act  

Rep. Act No. 10142  Rep. Act No. 9372  

The Alternative Dispute Resolution  

their Children Act of 2004  

Anti-Violence Against Women and  

of2002  
Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act  
Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2001  

Philippines  
376 and 412 of the Civil Code of the  Amending for This Purpose Articles  Without
Need of a Judicial Order,  Nickname in the Civil Register  and/or Change of First Name
or  or Typographical Error in an Entry  Consul General to Correct a Clerical  Municipal
Civil Registrar or the  An Act Authorizing the City or  

Government Infrastructure Projects  Preliminary Mandatory Injunctions on  Orders,

Preliminary Injunctions or  Issuing Temporary Restraining  Prohibiting Lower Courts
from  

Projects and for Other Purposes  National Government Infrastructure  Right-Of-Way,

Site or Location for  An Act to Facilitate the Acquisition of  
Rep. Act No. 9285  

sec. 41  
Rep. Act No. 9710,  as amended by  
Rep. Act No. 9262  

Rep. Act No. 10640  as amended by  

sec. 21  
Rep. Act No. 9165,  

d. Rep. Act No. 10927  c. Rep. Act No. 10365  b. Rep. Act No. 10167  
a. Rep. Act No. 9194  as amended by:  
Rep. Act No. 9160  

Rep. Act No. 10172  as amended by  

Rep. Act No. 9048  
Rep. Act No. 8975  

Rep. Act No. 8974  

Page 27 of28 

AM No. 08-1-16-SC The Rule on the Writ of Habeas Data  A.M. No. 07-11-08-SC Special
Rules of Court on Alternative I Dispute Resolution  A.M. No. 07-9-12-SC The Rule on the Writ of Amparo 
A.M. No. 06-11-5-SC Rule on DNA Evidence  
Custody of Minors  
of Habeas Corpus in Relation to  
A.M. No. 03-04-04-SC Rules on Custody of Minors and Writ  A.M. No. 02-11-12-SC
Rules on Provisional Orders  A.M. No. 02-6-02-SC Rule on Adoption  
A.M. No. 01-7-01-SC Rules on Electronic Evidence  

Witness  
A.M. No. 00-4-07-SC Rule on Examination of a Child  

14-93  
Administrative Circular No. Katarungang Pambarangay  

A.M. No. 02-11-09-SC  

as amended by  
1991  
Banc Dated October 15, Procedure  
Resolution of the Court En Revised Rules on Summary  

Competition Act  
Inspection under the Philippine  
A.M. No. 19-08-06-SC Rule on Administrative Search and  

Sandiganbayan  
A.M. No. 13-7-05-SB 2018 Revised Internal Rules of the  

Revised Rules on Evidence  

A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC 2019 Proposed Amendments to the  
1997 Rules of Civil Procedure  
A.M. No. 19-10-20-SC 2019 Proposed Amendments to the  The Rules of Court  
III. RULES  

Page 28 of28  

R 
- NOTHING FOLLOWS - Departure Order  

Rule on Precautionary Hold  

The Rule on Cybercrime Warrants  

Trial of Criminal Cases  

Revised Guidelines for Continuous  

Procedure  
Financial Rehabilitation Rules of  The Judicial Affidavit Rule  
Officials  
Elective Municipal and Barangay  Contests before the Courts involving  Rules of
Procedure in Election  

Cases  
Rules of Procedure for Environmental  

Small Claims Cases  

The Revised Rules of Procedure for  
A.M. No. 18-07-05-SC  A.M. No. 17-11-03-SC  

A.M. No. 15-06-10-SC  

A.M. No. 15-04-06-SC  A.M. No. 12-12-11-SC &  

A.M. No. 12-8-8-SC  

A.M. No. 10-4-1-SC  A.M. No. 09-6-8-SC  A.M. No. 08-8-7-SC