LIMIT

(i) Definition:
Let 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) be defined on an open interval about 𝑎𝑎 except possibly at 𝑎𝑎 itself. We say that 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)
approaches the limit 𝐿𝐿 as 𝑥𝑥 approaches 𝑎𝑎 and we write lim𝑥𝑥→𝑎𝑎  𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝐿𝐿 and say, "as 𝑥𝑥 approaches (or
tends to) 𝑎𝑎, limit of 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) equals 𝐿𝐿′′ .
(ii) Indeterminate Forms:
0 ∞
, , ∞ − ∞, 0 × ∞, 1∞ , 00 , ∞0
0 ∞
(iii) Left Hand Limit, Right Hand Limit and Existence of Limit of a Function:
Left hand limit (LHL) = lim𝑥𝑥→𝑎𝑎−  𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = limℎ→0  𝑓𝑓(𝑎𝑎 − ℎ), ℎ > 0.
Right hand limit (RHL) = lim𝑥𝑥→𝑎𝑎+  𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = limℎ→0  𝑓𝑓(𝑎𝑎 + ℎ), ℎ > 0
Limit of a function 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) is said to exist at 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑎𝑎 if lim𝑥𝑥→𝑎𝑎−  𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = lim𝑥𝑥→𝑎𝑎+  𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = Finite and Unique.
Important note: We are not concerned with the value of the function at 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑎𝑎. In fact the function
may or may not be defined at 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑎𝑎.
(iv) Algebra of Limits or Fundamental Theorems on Limits:
Let lim𝑥𝑥→𝑎𝑎  𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑙𝑙 & lim𝑥𝑥→𝑎𝑎  𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑚𝑚. If 𝑙𝑙 &𝑚𝑚 exists finitely, then:
(a) Sum rule: lim𝑥𝑥→𝑎𝑎  [𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) + 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥)] = 𝑙𝑙 + 𝑚𝑚
(b) Difference rule: lim𝑥𝑥→𝑎𝑎  [𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) − 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥)] = 𝑙𝑙 − 𝑚𝑚
(c) Product rule: lim𝑥𝑥→𝑎𝑎  𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) ⋅ 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑙𝑙 ⋅ 𝑚𝑚
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) 𝑙𝑙
(d) Quotient rule: lim𝑥𝑥→𝑎𝑎   𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑚𝑚, provided 𝑚𝑚 ≠ 0

(e) Constant multiple rule: lim𝑥𝑥→𝑎𝑎  𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑘𝑘lim𝑥𝑥→𝑎𝑎  𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥); where 𝑘𝑘 is constant.
Note: We cannot plot ∞ on the paper. Infinity (∞) is a symbol & not a number. It does not obey the
laws of elementary algebra.
Methods of Evaluation of Limit:
𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛 −𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛
(i) Factorization: lim𝑥𝑥→𝑎𝑎   = 𝑛𝑛𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛−1
𝑥𝑥−𝑎𝑎

(ii) Rationalization or double rationalization:

In this method we rationalize the factor containing the square root and simplify.
(iii) limit when 𝒙𝒙 → ∞ :
1
Put 𝑥𝑥 = ℎ and apply ℎ → 0, ℎ > 0

(iv) Limit of Trigonometric Functions:

sin 𝑥𝑥 tan 𝑥𝑥
(a) lim𝑥𝑥→0   𝑥𝑥
= 1 = lim𝑥𝑥→0   𝑥𝑥
[where 𝑥𝑥 is measured in radians]
tan−1 𝑥𝑥 sin−1 𝑥𝑥
(b) lim𝑥𝑥→0   𝑥𝑥
= lim𝑥𝑥→0   𝑥𝑥
sin 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)
(c) If lim𝑥𝑥→𝑎𝑎  𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥) = 0, then lim𝑥𝑥→𝑎𝑎   𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)
= 1, similarly we can apply this for others.
(v) Limit of Exponential Function:
𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 −1 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 −1
(a) lim𝑥𝑥→0   𝑥𝑥
= ln 𝑎𝑎 (𝑎𝑎 > 0). In particular lim𝑥𝑥→0   𝑥𝑥
= 1.
ln(1+𝑥𝑥)
(b) lim𝑥𝑥→0   𝑥𝑥
=1
1
1 𝑥𝑥
(c) lim𝑥𝑥→0  (1 + 𝑥𝑥)𝑥𝑥 = 𝑒𝑒 = lim𝑥𝑥→∞  �1 + 𝑥𝑥� .

Continuity
(i) Continuous function:
i. A function f(𝑥𝑥) is said to be continuous at 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑎𝑎, if lim𝑥𝑥→a  𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑓𝑓 (a)
i.e., limℎ→0  𝑓𝑓 (𝑎𝑎 − ℎ) = limℎ→0  𝑓𝑓(𝑎𝑎 + ℎ) = 𝑓𝑓(𝑎𝑎)
i.e., L.H.L at 𝐚𝐚 = R.H.L at 𝐚𝐚 = 𝐟𝐟(𝐚𝐚)
ii. If the graph of a function has no break or gap or jump, then it is said to be continuous.
(ii) Discontinuous function:
f is said to be discontinuous at 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑎𝑎, if it is not continuous at 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑎𝑎.
The discontinuity may be due to any of the following reasons:
i. lim𝑥𝑥→a−  𝑓𝑓 (𝑥𝑥) or lim𝑥𝑥→a−  𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) or both may not exist.
ii. lim𝑥𝑥→a−  𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) and lim𝑥𝑥→a+  𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) both exist but are not equal.
iii. lim𝑥𝑥→𝑎𝑎−  𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) and lim𝑥𝑥→a+  𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) exist and are equal but both may not be equal to 𝑓𝑓(𝑎𝑎).
(iii) Continuity in an Interval:
i. A function f(𝑥𝑥) is said to be continuous in an open interval (𝑎𝑎, 𝑏𝑏), if it is continuous at every point
in (a, b)
ii. A function f(𝑥𝑥) is said to be continuous in the closed interval [𝑎𝑎, 𝑏𝑏], if it is -
a. Continuous at every point of the open interval (𝑎𝑎, 𝑏𝑏).
b. Right continuous at 𝑥𝑥 = a.
c. Left continuous at 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑏𝑏.
(iv) Algebra of Continuous function:
If f & g be two continuous functions at 𝑥𝑥 = a, then
i. 𝛼𝛼𝑓𝑓 is continuous at 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑎𝑎 ∀ 𝛼𝛼 ∈ R
ii. f + g is continuous at 𝑥𝑥 = a
iii. f − g is continuous at 𝑥𝑥 = a
iv. f.g is continuous at 𝑥𝑥 = a
f
v. g is continuous at 𝑥𝑥 = a, provided 𝑔𝑔(𝑎𝑎) ≠ 0
 LIMIT ASSIGNMENT

cos(sin 𝑥𝑥)−cos 𝑥𝑥
(1) The value of lim𝑥𝑥→0   𝑥𝑥 4
is equal to [2007]

(A) 1/5 (B) 1/6 (C) 1/4 (D) 1/2

𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥 2 −2𝑥𝑥+1
(2) The value of lim𝑥𝑥→∞  �𝑥𝑥 2 � is
−4𝑥𝑥+2

[2007]
(A) e2 (B) e−2 (C) e6 (D) None of these
cos 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎−cos 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏
(3) lim𝑥𝑥→0   𝑥𝑥 2
is equal to [2008]
𝑎𝑎2 −𝑏𝑏 2 𝑏𝑏 2 −𝑎𝑎2
(A) (B) (C) 𝑎𝑎2 − 𝑏𝑏 2 (D) 𝑏𝑏 2 − 𝑎𝑎2
2 2
𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎+𝑏𝑏
(4) Given 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥+1
, lim𝑥𝑥→∞  𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 1 and lim𝑥𝑥→0  𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 2, then 𝑓𝑓(−2) is [2009]

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

(5) lim𝑥𝑥→0  (log 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒)1/log 𝑥𝑥 is equal to [2009]
(A) e−1 (B) e (C) e2 (D) 0
�ek𝑥𝑥 −1�sin k𝑥𝑥
(6) If lim𝑥𝑥→0   𝑥𝑥 2
= 4, then k is equal to [2009]

(A) 2 (B) −2 (C) ±2 (D) ±4

15𝑥𝑥 −5𝑥𝑥 −3𝑥𝑥 +1

(7) The value of lim𝑥𝑥→0   1−cos 2𝑥𝑥
is [2010]
(log 3)(log 5) log 3+log 5
(A) 2
(B) 2(log 3)(log 5) (C) 2
(D) None of these
1+2+3…+𝑛𝑛
(8) The value of lim𝑛𝑛→∞   𝑛𝑛2
is [2010]
1 3
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 0 (D) 2

1 𝑐𝑐+𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(9) If 𝑎𝑎, 𝑏𝑏, 𝑐𝑐 and d are positive, then lim𝑥𝑥→∞  �1 + 𝑎𝑎+𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏� is equal [2011]

(A) 𝑒𝑒 𝑑𝑑/𝑏𝑏 (B) 𝑒𝑒 𝑐𝑐/𝑎𝑎 (C) e(c+d)/(a+b) (D) e

𝐺𝐺(𝑥𝑥)−𝐺𝐺(1)
(10) If 𝐺𝐺(𝑥𝑥) − √25 − 𝑥𝑥 2 , then lim𝑥𝑥→1   𝑥𝑥−1
is [2011]
1 1
(A) 24 (B) 5 (C) −√24 (D) none of these

(11) lim𝑥𝑥→𝜋𝜋/2  (sec 𝑥𝑥 − tan 𝑥𝑥) is equal to [2012]

(A) 2 (B) −1 (C) 1 (D) 0
3𝑥𝑥 −1
(12) lim𝑥𝑥→0  � 𝑥𝑥
� is equal to [2012]

(A) 2log 3 (B) 3log 3 (C) log 3 (D) None of these

Addition Questions:

(13) lim𝑥𝑥→1  (1 − 𝑥𝑥 + [𝑥𝑥 − 1] + [1 − 𝑥𝑥]) is equal to, where [𝑥𝑥] denotes greatest integer function
(A) 1 (B) −1 (C) 0 (D) Does not exist
e1/𝑥𝑥 −1
(14) lim𝑥𝑥→0   e1/𝑥𝑥 +1 is equal to

(A) −1 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) Does not exist

sin−1 (sin 𝑥𝑥)
(15) lim𝑥𝑥→0   cos−1 (cos 𝑥𝑥) is equal to

(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) −1 (D) Does not exist

𝑥𝑥 2 −𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎+𝑏𝑏
(16) If lim𝑥𝑥→1   𝑥𝑥−1
= 5, then 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 is equal to

(A) −7 (B) 5 (C) −4 (D) 1

𝑥𝑥 3 −2𝑥𝑥−1
(17) lim𝑥𝑥→−1   𝑥𝑥 5 −2𝑥𝑥−1 is equal to

(A) 2/3 (B) 1/3 (C) 4/3 (D) 5/3

2sin2 𝑥𝑥+sin 𝑥𝑥−1

(18) lim𝑥𝑥→𝜋𝜋   2sin2 𝑥𝑥−3sin 𝑥𝑥+1 is equal to
6

(A) 0 (B) 3 (C) −3 (D) 1

√3𝑥𝑥−3
(19) lim𝑥𝑥→3   is equal to
√2𝑥𝑥−4−√2
1 1 √3
(A) (B) 2√2 (C) (D) √3
√2 2

2𝑥𝑥 −1
(20) lim𝑥𝑥→0   (1+𝑥𝑥)1/2 −1 is equal to

(A) log 2 (B) 2log 4 (C) 2log 2 (D) 8log 2

1−cos3 𝑥𝑥
(21) lim𝑥𝑥→0   𝑥𝑥sin 𝑥𝑥cos 𝑥𝑥 is equal to

(A) 2/5 (B) 3/5 (C) 3/2 (D) ¾

𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋
cos� �
2
(22) lim𝑥𝑥→1   is equal to
1−𝑥𝑥

(A) 0 (B) 𝜋𝜋 (C) 𝜋𝜋/2 (D) 2𝜋𝜋

𝑒𝑒 tan 𝑥𝑥 −𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥
(23) lim𝑥𝑥→0   is equal to
tan 𝑥𝑥−𝑥𝑥

(A) e (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) Does not exist

 𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋
(24) lim𝑥𝑥→1  (2 − 𝑥𝑥)tan 2 is equal to
(A) e−2/𝜋𝜋 (B) e1/𝜋𝜋 (C) e2/𝜋𝜋 (D) e−1/𝜋𝜋

𝑥𝑥cot(4𝑥𝑥)
(25) lim𝑥𝑥→0   sin2 𝑥𝑥cot2 (2𝑥𝑥) is equal to

(A) 1 (B) 4 (C) 0 (D) 2

𝑥𝑥 4 −1 𝑥𝑥 3 −𝑘𝑘 3
(26) lim𝑥𝑥→1   𝑥𝑥−1 = lim𝑥𝑥→𝑘𝑘   𝑥𝑥 2 −𝑘𝑘 2 then k is
3 4 3 8
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 8 (D) 3

𝑥𝑥 3 +𝑥𝑥 2 +1
(27) lim𝑥𝑥→∞   𝑥𝑥 3 −𝑥𝑥 2 +1 is equal to

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) Does not exist

1+𝑛𝑛2
(28) If lim𝑛𝑛→∞  �𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 − � = 𝑏𝑏, a finite number, then
1+𝑛𝑛

(A) 𝑎𝑎 = 1, 𝑏𝑏 = 1 (B) 𝑎𝑎 = 0, 𝑏𝑏 = 1
(C) a = 1, b = −1 (D) 𝑎𝑎 = −1, 𝑏𝑏 = 1
(2+𝑦𝑦)40 (4+𝑦𝑦)5
(29) lim𝑦𝑦→∞   (2−𝑦𝑦)45
is equal to

(A) 32 (B) −1 (C) 16 (D) 1

𝑥𝑥 2 +1
(30) If lim𝑥𝑥→∞  � 𝑥𝑥+1 − 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏� = 0 then

(A) 𝑎𝑎 = −1, 𝑏𝑏 = 1 (B) a = 1, b = −2

(C) 𝑎𝑎 = 1, 𝑏𝑏 = −1 (D) 𝑎𝑎 = 2, 𝑏𝑏 = −2
𝑥𝑥−1 𝑥𝑥+2
(31) lim𝑥𝑥→∞  �𝑥𝑥+1� is equal to

(A) e−2 (B) e−1 (C) e (D) e2

𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥 2 +5𝑥𝑥+3
(32) lim𝑥𝑥→∞  � 𝑥𝑥 2 +𝑥𝑥+2 � is equal to

(A) e2 (B) e (C) 𝑒𝑒 4 (D) 𝑒𝑒 3

𝑥𝑥 2 +𝑥𝑥+1
(33) If lim𝑥𝑥→∞  � 𝑥𝑥+1
− 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏� = 4, then

(A) 𝑎𝑎 = 1, 𝑏𝑏 = 4 (B) 𝑎𝑎 = 1, 𝑏𝑏 = −4
(C) a = 2, b = −3 (D) 𝑎𝑎 = 2, 𝑏𝑏 = 3
 CONTINUITY ASSIGNMENT
1
𝑥𝑥sin 𝑥𝑥 , 𝑥𝑥 ≠ 0
(1) If 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = � is continuous at 𝑥𝑥 = 0, then the value of 𝑘𝑘 is
𝑘𝑘, 𝑥𝑥 = 0
[2008]
(A) 1 (B) −1 (C) 0 (D) 2

(2) The value of 𝑎𝑎 and 𝑏𝑏 such that the function [2010]

𝜋𝜋
⎧−2sin 𝑥𝑥, −𝜋𝜋 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ −
2
⎪ 𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑎𝑎sin 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑏𝑏, − < 𝑥𝑥 <
⎨ 2 2
⎪cos 𝑥𝑥, 𝜋𝜋
⎩ ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 𝜋𝜋
2

is continuous in [−𝜋𝜋, 𝜋𝜋], are

(A) −1,0 (B) 1,0 (C) 1,1 (D) −1,1
𝑎𝑎
(1 + |six |)|sin 𝑥𝑥| −𝜋𝜋/6 < 𝑥𝑥 < 0
(3) If 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = �𝑏𝑏 𝑥𝑥 = 0 is continuous at 𝑥𝑥 = 0, find the values of a and b.
tan 2𝑥𝑥
𝑒𝑒 tan 3𝑥𝑥 0 < 𝑥𝑥 < 𝜋𝜋/6
[2011]
(A) 3/2, e3/2 (B) −2/3, e−3/2 (C) 2/3, e2/3 (D) none of these
log(1+2a𝑥𝑥)−log(1−𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏)
𝑥𝑥 ≠ 0
(4) If 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = � 𝑥𝑥 is continuous at 𝑥𝑥 = 0, then value of 𝑘𝑘 is [2012]
𝑘𝑘 𝑥𝑥 = 0
(A) 𝑏𝑏 + 𝑎𝑎 (B) 𝑏𝑏 − 2𝑎𝑎 (C) 2𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏 (D) 2𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏
(5) If the function 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) defined by
1
𝑥𝑥sin , for 𝑥𝑥 ≠ 0
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = � 𝑥𝑥
𝑘𝑘, for 𝑥𝑥 = 0

is continuous at 𝑥𝑥 = 0, then k is equal to [2016]

1
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) -1 (D) 2
log(1+2𝑥𝑥)sin 𝑥𝑥 0
, for 𝑥𝑥 ≠ 0
(6) For what value of 𝑘𝑘, the function defined by 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = � 𝑥𝑥 2
𝑘𝑘, for 𝑥𝑥 = 0

is continuous at 𝑥𝑥 = 0 ? [2016]
1 𝜋𝜋 90
(A) 2 (B) 2 (C) 90 (D) 𝜋𝜋
 1
𝜋𝜋 𝑥𝑥
(7) If the function 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = �tan �4 + 𝑥𝑥�� for 𝑥𝑥 ≠ 0 is = K for 𝑥𝑥 = 0 Continuous at 𝑥𝑥 = 0, then K =

[2017]
(A) e (B) 𝑒𝑒 −1 (C) e2 (D) e−2
2 𝑥𝑥
(8) If 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = log(sec 2 𝑥𝑥)cot for 𝑥𝑥 ≠ 0 = K for 𝑥𝑥 = 0 is continuous at 𝑥𝑥 = 0, then K is
[2017]
(A) e−1 (B) 1 (C) e (D) 0
𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝛼𝛼 for 𝑥𝑥 ≥ 0 1
(9) If 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = � 𝑥𝑥 = 0 and 𝑓𝑓 �2� = 2, then 𝛼𝛼 2 + 𝛽𝛽 2 is continuous at [2018]
2√𝑥𝑥 2 + 1 + 𝛽𝛽 for 𝑥𝑥 < 0
8 25 1
(A) 3 (B) 25 (C) 8
(D) 3
2
e𝑥𝑥 −cos 𝑥𝑥
(10) If 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 2
, for 𝑥𝑥 ≠ 0 is continuous at 𝑥𝑥 = 0, then value of 𝑓𝑓(0) is [2018]
2 5 3
(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 2

(11) Which of the following function is not continuous at 𝑥𝑥 = 0 ? [2019]

(A) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = (1 + 2𝑥𝑥)1/𝑥𝑥 , 𝑥𝑥 ≠ 0
= e2 , 𝑥𝑥 = 0
(B) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = sin 𝑥𝑥 − cos 𝑥𝑥, 𝑥𝑥 ≠ 0
= −1, 𝑥𝑥 = 0
e1/𝑥𝑥 −1
(C) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = e1/𝑥𝑥 +1 , 𝑥𝑥 ≠ 0

= −1, 𝑥𝑥 = 0
e5/𝑥𝑥 −e2𝑥𝑥
(D) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = , 𝑥𝑥 ≠ 0
sin 3𝑥𝑥

= 1, 𝑥𝑥 = 0
log(1+𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎)−log(1−𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏)
(12) If the function f(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥
, 𝑥𝑥 ≠ 0 is continuous as 𝑥𝑥 = 0 then, f(0) = ⋯ [2019]

(A) log 𝑎𝑎 − log 𝑏𝑏 (B) 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 (C) log 𝑎𝑎 + log 𝑏𝑏 (D) 𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏

�ekx −1�tankx
(13) If the function, 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 4𝑥𝑥 2
, 𝑥𝑥 ≠ 0

= 16, 𝑥𝑥 = 0 [2019]
is continuous at 𝑥𝑥 = 0, then 𝑘𝑘 = ⋯
1
(A) ± 8 (B) ±4 (C) ±2 (D) ±8
|𝑥𝑥|
(14) If function 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥
, 𝑥𝑥 < 0
|𝑥𝑥|
= 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑥𝑥
, 𝑥𝑥 > 0

= 1, 𝑥𝑥 = 0, then [2019]
 (A) lim𝑥𝑥→00  𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) does not exist
(B) lim𝑥𝑥→0+  𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) does not exist
(C) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) is continuous at 𝑥𝑥 = 0
(D) lim𝑥𝑥→0+  𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) ≠ lim𝑥𝑥→0−  𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)
(15) If 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) is continuous at 𝑥𝑥 = 3, where 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 1, for 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 3 = box +3, for 𝑥𝑥 > 3 then [2019]
−2
(A) 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 = 3
−2
(B) 𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏 = 3
2
(C) 𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏 = 3
2
(D) 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 = 3
1
𝜋𝜋 𝑥𝑥
(16) If 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = �tan �4 + 𝑥𝑥�� , 𝑥𝑥 ≠ 0

= k, 𝑥𝑥 = 0 is continuous at 𝑥𝑥 = 0. Then k = ⋯ [2019]

(A) e2 (B) 1 (C) e (D) e−2
(17) The points of discontinuity of the function,
1
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥−1, if 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 2
𝑥𝑥+5
= 𝑥𝑥+3 if 2 < 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 4 in its domain are [2020]

(A) 𝑥𝑥 = 1, 𝑥𝑥 = 2 (B) 𝑥𝑥 = 0, 𝑥𝑥 = 2 (C) 𝑥𝑥 = 2 only (D) 𝑥𝑥 = 4 only

𝑥𝑥+1
(18) The function is f(𝑥𝑥) = 9𝑥𝑥+𝑥𝑥 3 is [2020]

(A) discontinuous at exactly two points (B) discontinuous at exactly one point

(C) continuous for all real values of 𝑥𝑥 (D) discontinuous at exactly three points
1−sin 𝑥𝑥+cos 𝑥𝑥
(19) If 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 1+sin 𝑥𝑥+cos 𝑥𝑥, for 𝑥𝑥 ≠ 𝜋𝜋 is continuous at 𝑥𝑥 = 𝜋𝜋 then 𝑓𝑓(𝜋𝜋) = [2020]

(A) 1 (B) −1 (C) 0 (D) 2