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Chapter 3 - Elementary Concepts of Objects and Classes: Ryan International School, Kharghar Computer Applications STD: Ix

The document discusses key concepts of object-oriented programming including classes, objects, methods, and static vs instance methods. It provides examples of creating classes that act as factories for objects, defining methods, and differentiating between static and instance methods. Sample code is given to illustrate printing text using a static main method and calling an instance method on an object.

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228 views5 pages

Chapter 3 - Elementary Concepts of Objects and Classes: Ryan International School, Kharghar Computer Applications STD: Ix

The document discusses key concepts of object-oriented programming including classes, objects, methods, and static vs instance methods. It provides examples of creating classes that act as factories for objects, defining methods, and differentiating between static and instance methods. Sample code is given to illustrate printing text using a static main method and calling an instance method on an object.

Uploaded by

heartmelt slimes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RYAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, KHARGHAR

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

STD: IX
CHAPTER 3 – ELEMENTARY CONCEPTS OF OBJECTS AND CLASSES
DATE: 18/06/2021

NOTES:

PART I : FILL IN THE BLANKS.


1) Objects share three characteristics identity, state and behaviour.
2) A model is a simplification of reality.
3) A model is a complete description of a system from a particular perspective.
4) In object oriented terminology a particular object is called Instance.
5) A object is a software bundle of variables and related methods.
6) Message are used for software objects to interact and communicate with each
other.
7) A prototype of an object is called class.
8) A methods is a subprogram that acts on data and often returns a value.
9) A collection of predefined methods is called method library or library methods.
10) User defined methods are defined by a user. They can be static method
or instance method.
11) If a method is not clearly defined as static, it is instance method.
12) String concatenation can be archieved by + symbol.

PART II : SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:


1) Give two reasons why we model real world entities and their behaviour.
ANS:
• A model is a simplification of reality. We model because we cannot
comprehend the complexity in its entirety.
• We model to visual, specify, construct, and document the structure and
behaviour of a system’s architecture.
• A model is a complete description of a system from a single perspective.
2) What are instance variables?
ANS:
A variable which is declared inside a class but outside any of the method is called
instance variable.

3) What do you understand by attributes of an object?


ANS:
Attributes of an object are Identity, state and behaviour.
• Identity: name given to the object, like name given to a dog or stereo’s
model number.
• State : A dog has state (name, colour, breed).
Stereo has state (colour, switch buttons, motor)
• Behaviours: A dog has behaviours (barking, fetching, wagging tail)
Stereo has behaviours (playing tape, rewinding, fast forwarding)

4) With the help of an example explain “what is a message in a software


application?”
ANS:
Software objects interact and communicate with each other using messages
When object A wants object B to perform one of B’s methods, object A sends
message to object B.

5) How do you differentiate between a class and an object?


ANS:
Class Object

• Class is a blueprint or template • Object is an instance of a class.


from which objects are created.

• Class has logical existence. • Object has physical existence.

• For class, memory space is not • In case of an object memory space


allocated, when it is created. is allocated, when it is created.

• Class is declared once. • Object is created many times.

• Class is declared using the • Object is created through the


keyword ‘class’. keyword ‘new’.
6) Name the main parts of a class.
ANS:
Atrributes / Fields, Constructors and behaviours.

7) How a class is a user defined data type?


ANS:
• Attributes or Fields or Member Variables : They are the properties of an
object of the class. There is a type associated with each field. The type
constrains the type of values that the field can store. A type is a set of values
with operations defined on those values.
• Constructor(s) :A constructor is used to create objects of a class.
• Behaviour or Public Interface or Functions : They are a set of operations
functions or methods, which can be invoked on an object.

8) What is method? List the two types of methods.


ANS:
A method is a subprogram that acts on data and often returns a value.
TYPES OF METHODS :
• Predefined Methods
• User Defined Methods

9) What are predefined methods? Give an example.


ANS:
They are built-in Java and come along with Java Class Library in a Java archive
(.jar) file with JVM and JRE.
Example : sqrt()

10) What do you understand by static methods? Give an example.


ANS:
It is a method that can be called and executed without creating an object. Static
method can be invoked directly via class name. In Java program “main()” method
is a static method which is called directly by JVM.
Example:
class PRG
{
public static void main(String args[ ])
{
//statements ;
}
}
11) Which methods can be overridden? Name the principle of OOP that
supports this feature.
ANS:
Instance methods can be overridden. Polymorphism supports this feature.

12) Write a program snippet to print “Hello World” on the screen. Which
type of method does it use?
ANS:
class Example
{
public static void main(String args [ ])
{
System.out.println(“Hello World”);
}
}
It uses static method.

13) Write program snippet to show the differences between static and
instance methods.
ANS:
Static Method:
class Example
{
public static void main(String args [ ])
{
System.out.println(“Hello World”);
}
}

Instance Method:
class PRG
{
void display() // instance method
{
//statements ;
}
public static void main(String args[ ])
{
PRG obj = new PRG() ;
obj.display();
}
}

14) A class is called an object factory. Explain with the help of an example.
ANS:
Each class describes possibly an infinite set of individual objects. So, it can be
called as a factory of objects. For example, a class of cellphone can have
numerous objects as Nokia, Samsung, Panasonic, etc. The features and functions
of the objects are described within the class.

class Example
{
void display()
{
System.out.println(“Hello World”);
}

public static void main(String args [ ])


{
Example OBJ = new Example();
OBJ.display();
}
}

Prepared by:
Mrs. Bhashwini Mittal

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