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Java Naming and Directory Interface
(JNDI)
Agenda :
1. Introduction
Introduction :
▪ JNDI API is used to communicate with directory
server.
▪ Similar to the Database server, directory server is used
to store the data.
▪ As part of the directory server the data will be store in
the form of objects.
▪ We can choose directory server if insertion operations
are very less and select operations are more number of
times.
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▪ We can store the data into database fast reader than
database server.
▪ As part of directory server we can store very small
amount of data.
▪ The SQL queries can not be applied of directory
server.
▪ As a java programmer we can write a java application
which can talks to directory server.
▪ If a java program need to talk directory server we
have to use JNDI API.
▪ A java application which uses JNDI API can
communicate with directory server.
There are different directory servers are available in
market , they are
1. LDAP LightWeight Directory Access Protocol (open
source)
2. ADS Active Directory Server from Microsoft
3. NDS Novel Directory Server from Novel
▪ Our java application which uses JNDI Api can
communicate with any directory server.
▪ Generally directory servers are part of J2EE servers.If
we buy the J2EE servers we get the directory servers.
The following are most popular J2EE servers
1. Weblogic
2. Websphere
3. JBoss
4. Resin
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▪ LDAP directory server is applied with Weblogic
server.
▪ If we start a Weblogic server by default the directory
server will be started.
Procedure to configure Weblogic 10.3 version (pure
java s/w) :
start --> All Programs --> Oracle Weblogic -->
Step
weblogic 10g --> Tools --> config.wizard
1:
(bea-wlserver10.0/common/bin-config.sh)
The above step we lanch the dialog
Step box OracleWeblogic Configuration Wizard .
2 : In this dialog box choose create a new weblogic
domain radio button and click on next.
Step Choose generate a domain configured
3 : automatically Radio button and click on next.
Step
Provide the user name and password
4:
Choose to available SDK and click on next button.
Step
Provide the domain name (myDomain) and click
5:
on create button.
The above steps will create a folder with name myDomain
in user_projects.
http://localhost:7001/console/
Once if a configure the WebLogic server to start the
Weblogic server we need we need to double click
on startweblogic.cmd or startweblogic.sh
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To access the Weblogic server perform the following
steps :
1. Open the Internet Explorer (any browser)
2. Go to the URL and type the
url http://localhost:7001/console/
provide userName, password
Environment --> server --> Admin Server --> view
JNDI Tree
3. All the classes and interfaces of JNDI API are
available as part of javax.naming package
4. The most important interface of JNDI is Context
5. The most important class name is InitialContext
6. In case of weblogic server LDAP directory server
integrated with our server.
7. If we start the weblogic server internally its going to
start the directory server also.
8. We can develop java application which interacts with
directory server.
9. Weblogic people as provided the implementation of
JNDI API , this implementation is called as JNDI
driver
10. The JNDI driver is available with weblogic
server in the form of jar files
weblogic 8.1 ---> weblogic.jar
weblogic 8.3 ---> wlclient.jar
(bea/wlserver 10.3/server/lib)
Develop JNDI application which can get the
InitialContext object :
package com.jndi;
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import java.util.Hashtable;
import javax.naming.Context;
import javax.naming.InitialContext;
import javax.naming.NamingException;
public class JndiDemo {
public static void main(String args[]) throws
NamingException{
Hashtable h=new Hashtable();
h.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY,
"weblogic.jndi.WLInitialContextFactory");
h.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL,
"t3://localhost:7001");
h.put(Context.SECURITY_CREDENTIALS, "weblogic");
h.put(Context.SECURITY_PRINCIPAL, "weblogic");
InitialContext ic=new InitialContext(h);
System.out.println("Object is : "+ ic);
}
}
Note : To run the above java program we have to
set wlclient.war in the class path.
Procedure to develop java application which interacts
with the directory server :
▪ To establish connection with directory server, we
need the JNDI driver class name , which provide the
implementation of Context interface, url, user
name of weblogic server and password of weblogic
server.
▪ We need to place all these details inside a Hashtable
object.
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▪ We need to supply the Hashtable object has input to
InitialContext constructor.
Once if we get the InitialContext object, we can
perform the following operations :
Admin server
1. Create object - bind() method
2. Remove object - unbind() method
3. Update object - rebind() method
4. Retrieve object - lookup() method
We have to use the following key in the Hashtable :
javax.naming package
context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY
context.PROVIDER_URL
context.SECURITY_PRINCIPAL
context.SECURITY_CREDENTIALS
Develop a JNDI application which add a name object
to the directory server :
package com.jndi;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import javax.naming.Context;
import javax.naming.InitialContext;
import javax.naming.NamingException;
public class JndiCreateObject {
public static void main(String args[]) throws
NamingException{
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Hashtable h=new Hashtable();
h.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY,
"weblogic.jndi.WLInitialContextFactory");
h.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL,
"t3://localhost:7001");
h.put(Context.SECURITY_CREDENTIALS, "weblogic");
h.put(Context.SECURITY_PRINCIPAL, "weblogic");
InitialContext ic=new InitialContext(h);
String name="Ashok JavaProgrammer";
ic.bind("same", name);
System.out.println("object is added to directory
server");
}
}
Develop a JNDI application which adds an ArrayList
object to Directory server :
To store the ArrayList object use the key name as emplist
package com.jndi;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import javax.naming.Context;
import javax.naming.InitialContext;
import javax.naming.NamingException;
public class JndiAddEmpObject {
public static void main(String args[]) throws
NamingException{
Hashtable h=new Hashtable();
h.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY,
"weblogic.jndi.WLInitialContextFactory");
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h.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL,
"t3://localhost:7001");
h.put(Context.SECURITY_CREDENTIALS, "weblogic");
h.put(Context.SECURITY_PRINCIPAL, "weblogic");
InitialContext ic=new InitialContext(h);
ArrayList a=new ArrayList();
a.add("EmpOne");
a.add("EmpTwo");
ic.bind("emplist", a);
System.out.println("object is added to directory
server");
}
}
▪ When we use the bind() method it adds the object to
the directory server.
▪ The bind() method converts the object into super class
reference object.
Ex 1 :
String name="Sai Java";
Object o=name;
Ex 2 :
ArrayList a = new ArrayList();
Object o=a;
// ArrayList is type casted to Object class
Develop a JNDI application which delete an object
stored in Directory server :
Delete object which is associated to sname key
package com.jndi;
import java.util.ArrayList;
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import java.util.Hashtable;
import javax.naming.Context;
import javax.naming.InitialContext;
import javax.naming.NamingException;
public class JndiDeleteObject {
public static void main(String args[]) throws
NamingException{
Hashtable h=new Hashtable();
h.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY,
"weblogic.jndi.WLInitialContextFactory");
h.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL,
"t3://localhost:7001");
h.put(Context.SECURITY_CREDENTIALS, "weblogic");
h.put(Context.SECURITY_PRINCIPAL, "weblogic");
InitialContext ic=new InitialContext(h);
ic.unbind("sname");
System.out.println("object is removed from
directory server");
}
}
If we try to add different objects with the same key the
directory server will not allow.It will give the Exception
i.e., javax.naming.NameAlreadyBoundException
Develop a JNDI application, update an object stored
in Directory server :
Update the object which is associated to 'sname' key
package com.jndi;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import javax.naming.Context;
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import javax.naming.InitialContext;
import javax.naming.NamingException;
public class JndiUpdateObject {
public static void main(String args[]) throws
NamingException{
Hashtable h=new Hashtable();
h.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY,
"weblogic.jndi.WLInitialContextFactory");
h.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL,
"t3://localhost:7001");
h.put(Context.SECURITY_CREDENTIALS, "weblogic");
h.put(Context.SECURITY_PRINCIPAL, "weblogic");
Context ic=new InitialContext(h);
ic.rebind("sname", "Student name modified");
System.out.println("object is updated in directory
server");
}
}
Develop a JNDI application which retrieves an object
stored in Directory server :
The key name of the object is 'sname'
package com.jndi;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import javax.naming.Context;
import javax.naming.InitialContext;
import javax.naming.NamingException;
public class JndiRetrieveObject {
public static void main(String args[]) throws
NamingException{
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Hashtable h=new Hashtable();
h.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY,
"weblogic.jndi.WLInitialContextFactory");
h.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL,
"t3://localhost:7001");
h.put(Context.SECURITY_CREDENTIALS, "weblogic");
h.put(Context.SECURITY_PRINCIPAL, "weblogic");
Context ic=new InitialContext(h);
Object o=ic.lookup("sname");
String s=(String)o;
System.out.println("object is retrieved : " + s );
}
}
▪ When we add an object to the directory server the
object will added to InitialContext directly.
▪ If we want to place all the related objects in one group
then create a subcontext.
Note : For a java programmer subcontext is some thing
similar to package
ic.createSubcontext("Student");
ic.createSubcontext("Student.MCA");
ic.destroySubcontext("Student");
The above code create a subcontext under the
InitialContext
Note : We can store the objects inside the subcontext.
Connection Pool Technique :
▪ Without this technique will not develop any projects.
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▪ Every DB Administrator will configure , how many
max number of connections can be given by DB
server.
▪ When the Administrator configure that it store inside
a file
oracle --> config --> init.ora // open with notepad
▪ Every database server will having limits and issue the
connections to the applications.
▪ Connection pool is a java program, which can
maintain set of connections with him, The connection
pool program aquires the connection from the DB and
holds those connections.
Procedure to configure the connections through in the
Weblogic server :
To configure the Connection pool, we have to start
Step the JEE server (start Weblogic server)
1: Note : Connection pool is a program which is
available as part of J2EE server.
Access Weblogic server Admin console using the
Step
following 'URL'
2:
http://localhost:7001/console/
We need to configure DataSource , to configure the
DataSource from the domain structure menu goto
services option.
Step From the services option choose JDBC service.
3: From the JDBC service click on DataSource
Note : Once we click on DataSource we get a
webpage which gives the summary of JDBC
DataSource.
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If any DataSources already configure we can use
those DataSources also.
To create the new DataSource we have to click on
Step
new button from summary of JDBC DataSources
4:
wep page.
We have to provide the following details, we create
new DataSource page.
Name : MyDs
Step JNDI Name : myPool
5:
Database Type : Oracle
Database Server : Oracle Thin Driver
After fill the above form click on next button.
Once we click the next button , it displays
Step transactions option.
6: Note : do not change any option and click on next
button.
We need to provide the following connection
properties
DataBase Name : xe
Step Host Name : localhost
7: Port : 1521
Database userName : lms
Password : *****
Confirm Password : *****
After filling the above form, to click next button.
Once we click the before next button , Test database
Step
connection , in this screen we can check the
8:
connection pool program is able to communicate
with Database server or not.
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To test this click on button Test
Configuration other wise click on next button.
Once we click on next button we get the screen to
associate the connection pool with the server.
Step Select the name of the server to which we want to
9 : associate the connection pool and click on Finish.
▪ In the Weblogic server perform all the above steps , it
creates the connection pool in initial capacity as 1.
▪ To modified capacity go to services and
goto DataSources option, and click
on DataSourceName then goto connection pool
tab and modified it.
Start --> Oracle 10g --> goto DB Home page -->
Administration --> Monitor --> sessions
Weblogic --> services --> JDBC --> Data Sources -->
new
Procedure to get a connection from Connection Pool :
▪ Write the JNDI code to get DataSource object from
directory server.
▪ From the DataSource object get the connection.
Note : If we try to get the connection object from
DataSource , that object is type logical.
1. We can get the connection from Weblogic server.
2. create the Statement object.
3. Execute the Query.
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4. Close the connection.
DataSource interface is part of javax.sql package.
package com.jndi;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import javax.naming.Context;
import javax.naming.InitialContext;
import javax.naming.NamingException;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
public class DBConnect {
public static void main(String args[])
throws NamingException, SQLException{
Hashtable h=new Hashtable();
h.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY,
"weblogic.jndi.WLInitialContextFactory");
h.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL,
"t3://localhost:7001");
h.put(Context.SECURITY_CREDENTIALS, "weblogic");
h.put(Context.SECURITY_PRINCIPAL, "weblogic");
Context ic=new InitialContext(h);
Object o=ic.lookup("myPool");
DataSource ds=(DataSource)o;
Connection con=ds.getConnection();
Statement stmt=con.createStatement();
ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery("select * from
product");
while(rs.next()){
System.out.println(rs.getString(1));
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System.out.println(rs.getString(2));
}
}
}
▪ To run above connection pool object, we have create a
command setDomainEnv.cmd , this file is available
inside bin directory at our domain (myDomain/bin)
▪ In connection pool program, if we write the code to
close the connections using con.close() , then
connection will be return back to the Connection pool.
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