Chapter

01

Number System
A system in which we study different types of numbers, their

relationship and rules govern in them is called as number

system.

In the Hindu-Arabic system, we use the symbols 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,

6, 7, 8 and 9. These symbols are called digits. Out of these ten

digits, 0 is called an insignificant digit whereas the others are

called significant digits.

Numerals
A mathematical symbol representing a number in a systematic manner is called a numeral repres-
ented by a set of digits.

How to Write a Number

To write a number, we put digits from right to left at the places

designated as units, tens, hundreds, thousands, ten thousands,

lakhs, ten lakhs, crores, ten crores.

Let us see how the number 308761436 is denoted

It is read as

Thirty crore eighty seven lakh sixty one thousand four hundred and thirty six.

Face Value and Place Value of the Digits in a Number

Face Value

In a numeral, the face value of a digit is the value of the digit itself irrespective of its place in
the numeral. For example In the numeral 486729, the face value of 8 is 8, the face value of 7 is
7, the face value of 6 is 6, the face value of 4 is 4, and so on.

Place Value (or Local Value)

In a numeral, the place value of a digit changes according to the change of its place.

Look at the following to get the idea of place value of digits in 72843016.

It is clear from the above presentation that to obtain the place value of a digit in a numeral, we multiply the
digit with the value of its place in the given numeral.

Types of Numbers
1. Natural Numbers

Natural numbers are counting numbers. They are denoted by N. For example N = {1,2,3,...}.

♦ All natural numbers are positive.

♦ Zero is not a natural number. Therefore, 1 is the smallest natural number.

2. Whole Numbers

All natural numbers and zero form the set of whole numbers. Whole numbers are

denoted by W.

For example W = {0,1,2,3,...}

♦ Zero is the smallest whole number.

Whole numbers are also called as non-negative integers.

3. Integers

Whole numbers and negative numbers form the set of integers. They are denoted by/.

For example / = {...,-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4,...}

Integers are of two types. (i) Positive Integers Natural numbers are called as positive integers. They are

denoted by I .

For example I+ = {1,2,3,4,...}

(ii) Negative Integers Negative of natural numbers are called as negative integers. They are denoted by
I~. For example I~ ={-1,-2,-3,-4,...}

♦ '0' is neither +ve nor -ve integer.

4. Even Numbers

A counting number which is divisible by 2, is called an even number. For example 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, ... etc.
♦ The unit's place of every even number will be 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8.

5. Odd Numbers

A counting number which is not divisible by 2, is known as an odd number.

For example 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, ... etc. ♦ The unit's place of every odd number will be 1, 3, 5,
7 or 9.

6. Prime Numbers

A counting number is called a prime number when it is exactly divisible by, 1 and itself.

For example 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, ... etc.

♦ 2 is the only even number which is prime.

♦ A prime number is always greater than 1.

♦ 1 is not a prime number. Therefore, the lowest odd prime number is 3.

♦ Every prime number greater than 3 can be represented by 6n + 1, where n is integer.

7. Composite Numbers

Composite numbers are non-prime natural numbers. They must have atleast one factor apart from 1 and
itself.
For example 4, 6, 8, 9, etc.

♦ Composite numbers can be both odd and even.

♦ 1 is neither a prime number nor composite number.

8. Coprimes

Two natural numbers are said to be coprimes, if their HCF is 1. For example (7, 9), (15, 16)

♦ Coprime numbers may or may not be prime.

9. Rational Numbers

A number that can be expressed as p/q is called a rational number, where p and q are inteqers and a ■*■ 0.

10. Irrational Numbers

The numbers that cannot be expressed in the form of p/q are called irrational numbers, where p and q are
integers and q * 0.

For example -J2, V3, -Jl, VTT etc.

♦ 7C is an irrational number as 22 / 7 is not the actual value of n but it is its nearest value.

♦ Non-periodic infinite decimal fractions are called as irrational number.

11. Real Numbers

Real numbers include rational and irrational numbers both,

♦ Real numbers are denoted by R.

Operations on Numbers
Addition

When two or more numbers are combined together, then it is called addition. Addition is de-
noted by ' + ' sign. For example 24 + 23 + 26 = 73

Subtraction

When one or more numbers are taken out from a larger number, then it is called subtraction.

Subtraction is denoted by '-' sign.

For example 100-4-13=100-17=83

Division

u is the dividend and d is the divisor. A number which tells how many times a

divisor (d ) exists in dividend D is called the quotient Q.

If dividend D is not a multiple of divisor d, then D is not exactly divisible by d and

in this case remainder R is obtained.

Let us see the following operation of division

Multiolication
When 'a! is multiplied by '£>', then 'a' is added 'b' times or 'b' is added 'a' times. It is denoted by
'x'.

Let us see the following operation on Multiplication If a =2 and b = 4, then 2x4=8

or (2+ 2+ 2+ 2) =8 Here, 'a! is added 'b' times or in other words 2 is added 4 times. Similarly,
4x2=8 or (4+ 4) =8 In this case, 'b' is added 'a! times or in other words 4 is added 2 times.

Divisibility Tests
Divisibility by 2 When the last digit of a number is either 0 or even, then the number is divisible
by 2. For example 12, 86, 472, 520, 1000 etc., are divisible by 2.

Divisibility by 3 When the sum of the digits of a number is divisible by 3, then the number is
divisible by 3. For example (i) 1233 1 + 2 + 3 + 3 = 9, which is divisible by 3, so 1233

must be divisible by 3. (ii) 156 1 + 5 + 6 = 12, which is divisible by 3, so 156 must be divisible
by 3.

Divisibility by 4 When the number made by last two-digits of a number is divisible by 4, then
that particular number is divisible by 4. Apart from this, the number having two or more zeroes
at the end, is also divisible by 4. For example (i) 6428 is divisible by 4 as the number made by
its last two

digits i.e., 28 is divisible by 4. (ii) The numbers 4300, 153000, 9530000 etc., are divisible by 4
as they have two or more zeroes at the end.

Divisibility by 5 Numbers having 0 or 5 at the end are divisible by 5.

For example 45, 4350, 135, 14850 etc., are divisible by 5 as they have 0 or 5 at the end.

Divisibility by 6 When a number is divisible by both 3 and 2, then that particular number is
divisible by 6 also.

For example 18, 36, 720, 1440 etc., are divisible by 6 as they are divisible by both 3 and 2.

Divisibility by 7 A number is divisible by 7 when the difference between twice

the digit at ones place and the number formed by other digits is either zero or a multiple of 7.
For example 658 is divisible by 7 because 65 - 2 X 8 = 65 - 16 = 49. As 49 is divisible by 7, the
number 658 is also divisible by 7.

Divisibility by 8 When the number made by last three digits of a number is divisible by 8, then
the number is also divisible by 8. Apart from this, if the last three or more digits of a number are
zeroes, then the number is divisible by 8. For example (i) 2256 As 256 (the last three digits of
2256) is divisible by

8, therefore 2256 is also divisible by 8.

(ii) 4362000 As 4362000 has three zeroes at the end. Therefore it will definitely divisible by 8.

Divisibility by 9 When the sum of all the digits of a number is divisible by 9, then the number
is also divisible by 9. For example (i) 936819 9+3 + 6 + 8 + 1 + 9= 36 which is divisible by

9. Therefore, 936819 is also divisible by 9.

(ii) 4356 4 + 3 + 5 + 6 = 18 which is divisible by 9. Therefore, 4356 is also divisible by 9.

Divisibility by II When a number ends with zero, then it is divisible by 10.

For example 20, 40, 150, 123450, 478970 etc., are divisible by 10 as these all end with zero.

Divisibility by 1' When the sums of digits at odd and even places are equal or differ by a number divisible
by 11, then the number is also divisible by 11. For example (i) 2865423 Let us see

Sum of digits at odd places (A) = 2 + 6+4 + 3 = 15 Sum of digits at even places (B) = 8 + 5 + 2 = 15 =>A
= B Hence, 2865423 is divisible by 11.

(ii) 217382 Let us see

Sum of digits at odd places (A) = 2 + 7 + 8 = 17

Sum of digits at even places (B) = 1 + 3 + 2 = 6

A- B = 17-6 = 11 Clearly, 217382 is divisible by 11.

Divisibility by 12 A number which is divisible by both 4 and 3 is also divisible by 12.

For example 2244 is divisible by both 3 and 4. Therefore, it is divisible by 12 also.

Divisibility by 14 A number which is divisible by both 7 and 2 is also divisible by 14.

For example 1232 is divisible by both 7 and 2. Therefore, it is divisible by 14 also.

Divisibility by 1! A number which is divisible by both 5 and 3 is divisible by 15 also.

For example 1275 is divisible by both 5 and 3. Therefore, it is divisible by 15 also.

Divisibility by II A number is divisible by 16 when the number made by its last 4-digits is divisible by 16.

For example 126304 is divisible by 16 as the number made by its last 4-digits i.e., 6304 is divisible by 16.

Divisibility by 11 A number is divisible by 18 when it is even and divisible by 9. For example 936198 is
divisible by 18 as it is even and divisible by 9.

Divisibility by 25 A number is divisible by 25 when its last 2-digits are either zero or divisible by 25.

For example 500, 1275, 13550 are divisible by 25 as last 2-digits of these numbers are either zero or divis-
ible by 25.

Divisibility by 125 A number is divisible by 125 when the number made by its last 3-digits is divisible by
125.

For example 630125 is divisible by 125 as the number made by its last 3-digits are divisible by 125.

To Find a Number Completely Divisible by Given

Number
Consider a number xr which is when divided by d, gives a quotient q and leaves a remainder r. Then,

To find the number which is completely divisible by d such that remainder r is zero, follows the example
given below.

Ex. 1 Find the number, which on (1) addition (2) subtraction from the number 5029 is completely divisible
by 17.

Sol. Dividing 5029 by 17 we find. Remainder = 14

1. The minimum number on adding of which the given number is completely divisible by 17 = Divisor -
Remainder = 17 - 14 = 3.

2. The minimum number on subtraction of which the given number is completely divisible by 17 = Re-
mainder = 14.

Unit's Place of an Expression

Given expression can be of following two types

1. When Number is Given in the form of Product of Number

To find the units digit in the product of two or more number we take units digit of every numbers and then
multiply them. Then, the unit digit of the resultant product is the units digit of the product of original num-
bers. For example 207x781x39x94

Taking units digit of every number and then multiplying them

= 7x1x9x4 = 7x36 [taking units place digit]

Again, taking units digit and then multiplying

= 7x6=42 .-. Units digit for 207 x 781x39 x 94 is 2.

2. When Number is Given in the form of Index

♦ If the unit's digit number are 0,1, 5 or 6, then the resultant unit's digit remains same.

For example, (576)1151, its units digit is 6. (155)120, its unit digit is 5.

(191)19, its unit digit is 1. (900)51, its unit digit is 0.

♦ If units place is 2, then the power of the number is first divided by 4 and there after represented in the
form of 2 .

For example (572)443

(—) i.e., (2)443 = (2) ^ 4 'taking units place digit

= (24)110 x23 =24 x23 [v (24)110 =24]

= 16 x 8 taking units place digit Units place is 8

♦ In the same way, if units place digit are 4 or 8, then units digit for 4 and 8=6. e.g.,

(124)372 taking units place digit = (4)372 = (44 )93 =44 =256 Unit's place digit = 6

♦ If units digit is 3 or 7, then units digit for 3 and 7 = 1.

For example (2467)153 taking units place = (7)153 => (74)38 xf

=> 74 X71 =72 x72 x7 =49 x49 x7 taking unit's place digit

=9x9x7

= 81x7 taking unit's place digit

= 7 Unit's digit = 7

♦ If units place is 9 and if the power of 9 is even, then units digit will be 1 and if the power of 9 is odd,
then units digit will be 9.

For example (539)140

Since, power is even for unit's digit 9

Units digit =1(539)141 Since, power is odd for unit's digit 9

Units digit =9

Basic Number Theory

♦ Square of every even number is an even number while square of every odd number is an odd number.

♦ A number obtained by squaring a number does not have 2, 3 ,7 or 8 at its unit place.

♦ There are 15 prime numbers between 1 and 50 and 10 prime numbers between 50 and 100.

♦ If p divides q and r, then p divides their sum and difference also.

e.g., 4 divides 12 and 20, then 20 + 12 = 32 and 20 -12 = 8 are also divisible by 4.

♦ For any natural number n, (n - n) is divisible by 6.

♦ The product of three consecutive natural numbers is always divisible by 6.

♦ (xm - a"1) is divisible by (x - a) for all values of m.

♦ {xm - cr"1) is divisible by (x + a) for even values of m.

♦ {xm + a"1) is divisible by (x + a) for odd values of m.

♦ Number of prime factors of ap bq cr ds is p + q + I + s, where a, b, c and d are prime number.

Multi Concept
QUESTIONS
1. If n is any odd number greater than 1, then n(n2 -1) is

(a) divisible by 96 always (b) divisible by 48 always

(c) divisible by 24 always (d) None of these

^ (c) Solving the question by taking two odd numbers greater than 1, i.e., 3 and 5, then n{n2 - 1) for n = 3 =>
3(9-1) => 3x8 = 24

n(n2 -1)forn = 5 => 5(25-1) => 24x5 = 120 Using option we find that both the number are divisible by 24

2. 76n -66n, where n is a integer greater than 0, is divisible by

(a) 13 (b) 127 (c) 559 (d) None of these

* (b) 76n - 66n for n = 1, 76 - 66

=> (73)2-(63)2 {a2 -b2 = (a+ b)(a-b)}

=> (73 - 63)(73 + 63) => (343 - 216) (343 + 216) => 127 x 559

∴ It is clearly divisible by 127,

4. If the sum of first 11 terms of an arithmetic progression equal that of the first 19 terms, Then, what is
the sum of first 30 terms?

(a) 0 (b) -1 (c) 1 (d) Not unique

w (a) Let the first term be a common difference of progression be d According to the question,
Fast Track Practice
Exercise© Base Level Questions

1. Find the place value of 4 in 46127.

(a) 4 (b) 400

(c) 40000 (d) 4000

(e) None of the above

2. Find the place value of 7 in 837218.

(a) 7000 (b) 7

(c) 700 (d) 70000

fej None of the above

What is the place value of 6 in 65489203? [SSCLDC2010]

(a) 6x105 (b) 6x104

(c) 6x107 (dj 6x10a

(e) None of the above

4. Find the face value of 7 in 942756.

(a) 7 (b) 700

(c) 7000 (d) 70000

5. Find the face value of 6 in 652410.

[SSC LDC 2008]

(a) 6x105 (b) 6x104

(c) 6000 (d) 6

6. Find the sum of the face values of 9 and

6 in 907364. [Hotel Mgm, 2007]

(a) 15 (b) 20 (c) 9 (d) 18

7. Find the difference of the face values of

7 and 2 in 210978.

(a) 4 b) 3 (c) 6 r^ 5 (e) None of the above

8. Find the sum of place and face values of

8 in 43836. [Hotel Mgmt 2008]

(a) 88 (b) 808

(c) 880 (d) 888

(e) None of the above

9. Find the difference of place and face values of 4 in 324372.

(a) 3996 (b) 3998

(c) 3398 (dj 3396

fej None of the above

10. Find the sum of place value of 6 and face value of 9 in 927653.

(a) 608 (b) 508

(c) 609 (d) 507

(e) None of the above

11. Find the difference of place value of 4 and face value of 3 in 3784105.

(a) 3997 (b) 1

(c) 1000 (d) 3845

(e) None of the above

12. When 121012 is divided hy 12, the remainder is [CTET 2012]

(ajO (b)2 (c)3 (d)4

13. The sum of place values of 2 in 2424 is

[CTET 1012]

(a) 4 (b) 220

(c) 2002 (d) 2020

14. The pair of numbers which are relatively prime to each other is [CDS 2012]

(a) (68, 85) (b) (65, 91)

(c) (92, 85) (d) (102, 153)

15. Find the sum of 1st and 2nd prime numbers.

(a) 5 (b) 3 (c) 7 (d) 2 (e) None of the above

16. Find the product of 1st natural number and 1st prime number.
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 5 (e) None of the above

17. The product of 1st natural, 1st whole and the 1st prime numbers is equal to

(a) 5 (b) 0 (c) 9 (d) 7 (e) None of the above

18. The product of any number and the 1st whole number is equal to

(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) -1 (e) None of the above

19.A rational number is expressed as ... where, p and q are integers and q * 0.

(e) None of the above

20.2/3 is a rational number whereas V2/V3 is [CLAT2013]

(a) also a rational number

(b) an irrational number

(c) not a number

(d) a natural periodic number

21. Which of the following is a prime number?

(a) 35 (b) 53 (c) 88 (d) 90 (e) None of the above

22. The number of all prime numbers less than 40 is ...

(a) 15 (b) 18 (c) 17 (d) 12 (e) None of the above

23. Find the quotient when 445 is divided by 5.

(a) 78 (b) 48 (c) 79 fdj 89 (e) None of the above

24. Find the remainder when 54 is divided by 17.

(a) 5 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 7 (e) None of the above

25. Find the dividend when divisor is 13, quotient is 30 and remainder is 12.

(a) 402 (b) 543 (c) 436 (d) 455 (e) None of the above

26. What is the remainder in the expression

29—? 26

(a) 29 (b) 26 fc; 18 (d) 0

fej None of the above

27. Find the dividend from the expression

41±. 19

(a) 783 fbj 800 (cj 893 (dj 387

fej None of the above

28. When 1/7 of a number is subtracted from the number itself, it gives the same value as the sum of all the angles of a
triangle. What is the number? [Bank PO 2010]

(a) 224 (b) 210 (c) 140 (d) 350 (e) 187

29. What least number must be added to 1057 to get a number exactly divisible by 23?

(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 4 (e) None of the above

30. In a division sum, the divisor is ten times the quotient and five times the remainder. If the remainder is 46, then find
the dividend. [General Insurance 2007]

(a) 5388 (b) 5343

(c) 5336 (d) 5391

(e) None of the above

31. The product of two consecutive odd numbers is 6723. What is the greater number? [Bank Clerks 2009]

(a) 89 (b) 85 (c) 91 (d) 83 (e) None of the above

32. The sum of the four consecutive even numbers is 284. What would be the smallest number? [Bank PO 2010]

(a) 72 (b) 74 (c) 68 (d) 66 (e) None of the above

33. The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 14 and the difference between the two digits of the number is 2. What
is the product of the two digits of the two-digit number? [Bank Clerks 2009]

(a) 56

(b) 48

(c) 45

(d) Couldn't be determined

(e) None of the above

34. What number should be added to 231228 to make it exactly divisible by 33?

[CDS 2012]

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

Exercise © Higher Skill Level Questions

1. Find the sum of first 25 natural numbers.

(a) 432 (b) 315 (c) 325 (d) 335 (e) None of the above

2. Find the sum of the squares of first 35 natural numbers.

(a) 14910 (b) 15510

(c) 14510 (d) 16510

(e) None of the above

3. Find the sum of the cubes of first 15 natural numbers.

(a) 15400 (b) 14400

(c) 16800 (d) 13300

4. Find the sum of first 37 odd numbers.

[Hotel Mgmt. 2010]

(a) 1369 (b) 1295 (c) 1388fdJ 1875 (e) None of the above

5. Find the sum of first 84 even numbers.

[Bank Clerks 2008] (a) 7140 (b) 7540 (c) 6720 (d) 8832 (e) None of the above

6. Sum of first 15 multiples of 8 is

[CUT 2013]

(a) 960 (b) 660

(c) 1200 (d) 1060

7. The product of four consecutive natural numbers plus one is [CDS 2014]

(a) a non-square

(b) always sum of two square numbers

(c) a square

(d) None of the above

Find the unit digit in the product of (268 x 539 x 826 x 102). [MBA 2009]

(a) 5 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 2

(e) None of the above

9. Find the unit digit in the product of (4326 x 5321). [Hotel Mgmt. 2010]

(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 1 (d) 3 (e) None of the above

10. What is the unit digit in (6817)754 ?

(a) 8 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 9 (e) None of the above

11. What is the unit digit in

(365 x659x771)?

(a) 6 (b) 4 (C) 2 (d) 1 (e) None of the above

12. Find the last two-digits of 15x37x63x51x97x17 [IBAC1O2012]

(a) 35 (b) 45 (c) 55 (d) 85

13. How many rational numbers are there between 1 and 1000? [CDS 2012]

(a) 998 (b) 999

(c) 1000 (d) Infinite

14. The sum of 5 consecutive even numbers A,B,C,D andE is 130. What is the product of A and E ? [Bank Clerks 2009]

(a) 720 (b) 616 (c) 660 (d) 672 (e) None of the above

15. The sum of the five consecutive numbers is equal to 170. What is the product of largest and the smallest numbers?

[Bank Clerks 2011]

(a) 1512 (b) 1102 (c) 1152 (d) 1210 (e) None of the above

16. Which of the following numbers always divides the difference between the squares of two consecutive odd integers?

[Bank Clerks 2009]

(a) 7 (b) 3 (c) 8 (d) 6 (e) None of the above

17. A number divided by 56 gives 29 as remainder. If the same number is divided by 8, the remainder will be ...

[SSC CCL 2007]

(a) 4 (b) 5

(c) 6 (d) 7

18. On dividing a certain number by 357, the remainder is 39. On dividing the same number by 17, what will be the
remainder?

(a) 5 (b) 3 (c) 7 (d) 6 (e) None of the above

19. A number when divided by 5, leaves 3 as remainder. What will be the remainder when the square of this number is
divided by 5?

(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 0 (e) None of the above

20. In a question on division with zero remainder, a candidate took 12 as divisor instead of 21. The quotient obtained by
him was 35. Find the correct quotient.

(a) 10 (b) 12 (c) 20 (d) 15 (e) None of the above

21. A number when divided by a divisor leaves a remainder of 24. When twice the original number is divided by the
same divisor, the remainder is 11. What is the value of the divisor? [IB ACIO 2013]

(a) 13 (b) 59

(c) 35 (d) 37

22. The number 58129745812974 is divisible by [CDS 2012]

(a) 11 (b)9

(c) 4 (d) None of these

23. How many numbers between - Hand 11 are multiples of 2 or 3? [CDS 2012]

(a) 11 (b) 14
(c) 15 (d) None of these

24. Which one of the following numbers is divisible by 11? [CDS 2013]

(a) 45678940 (b) 54857266

(c) 87524398 (d) 93455120

25. When 17200 is divided by 18, find the remainder.

(a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 3 (e) None of the above

26. What is the remainder when 41000 is divisible by 7? [CDS 2014]

(a) 1 (b) 2

(c) 4 (d) None of these

27. A common factor of (4143 + 4343) and (4141+4341)is...

(a) (43 - 41) (b) (4141 + 4341)

(c) (4143 + 4343) (d) (41 + 43) (e) None of the above

28. The remainder when 9 + 6 is divided by 8 is [SSC CGL (Main) 2012]

(a) 2 (b) 3

(c) 5 (d) 7

29. What will be the remainder when 19100 is divided by 20? [SSC CGL (Main) 2012]

(a) 19 (b) 20

(c) 3 (d) 1

30. It is given that (2s2 + 1) is exactly divisible by a certain number. Which of the following is also definitely divisible
by the same number?

(a) (216 + 1) (b) (216-1)

(c)7x213 fdj (296 + 1)

(e) None of the above

31. The number (6x + &x) for natural number x is always divisible by ...

(a) 6 and 12 (b) 12 only

(c) 6 only (d) 3 only

(e) None of the above

32. 195 + 215 is divisible by [CDS 2013]

(a) Only 10 (b) Only 20

(c) Both 10 and 20

(d) Neither 10 nor 20

33. If 'a' is a natural number, then the largest number dividing (a - a) is

(a) A (b) 5

(c) 6 (d) 7

(e) None of the above

34. 7 - 4 is exactly divisible by which of the following number? [SSC FCI 2012]

(a) 34 (b) 33

(c) 36 fdj 35

35. If N, (N + 2) and (N + 4) are prime numbers, then the number of possible solutions for N are [CDS 2013]

(a) 1 (b) 2

(c) 3 (d) None of these

36. The smallest positive prime (say p) such that 2P - lis not a prime is ^DS 2013]

raj 5 (b) 11

(c) 17 fdj 29

37. If b is the largest square divisor of c and a divides c, then which one of the following is correct? (where, a, b and c
are integers) [CDS 2013]

(a) b divides a

(b) a does not divide b

(c) a divides b

(d) a and b are coprime

38. If re is a whole number greater than 1, then re (re - 1) is always divisible by

[CDS 2014]

(a) 12 (b) 24 (c) 48 (d) 60

39. What is the sum of all positive integers lying between 200 and 400 that are multiples of 7? [IB ACIO 2013]

(a) 8729 (b) 8700 (c) 8428 (d) 8278

40. Consider the following statements

I. To obtain prime numbers less than 121, we are to reject all the multiples of 2, 3, 5 and 7. II. Every composite number
less than 121 is divisible by a prime number less than 11.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct? [CDS 2013]

(a) Only I (b) Only II

(c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II

41. Consider the following statements

I. 7710312401 is divisible by 11. II. 173 is a prime number. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? [CDS
2013]

(a) Only I (b) Only II

(c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II

42. If & is a positive integer, then every square integer is of the form [CDS 2013]

(a) Only 4k (b) Ak or Ak + 3

(c) 4/c + 1 or 4/c + 3 (d) Ak or Ak + 1

43. Every prime number of the form 3k + 1 can be represented in the form 6m + 1 (where k, m are integers), when

[CDS 2013]

(a) k is odd

(b) k is even

(c) k can be both odd and even

(d) No such form is possible

Answer with Solutions

Exercise© Base Level Questions
1. (C) 4 is at the place of ten thousand. /. Required place value

= 4 x 10000 =40000

2. (a) 7 is at the thousand place. /. Required place value

= 7 X 1000 = 7000

3. (c) 6 is at the place of crore. .'. Required place value

= 6 x 10000000 =6 x 107

4. (a) Face value is the value of digit itself. .". Required face value of 7 = 7

5. (d) Face value is the value of digit itself. /. Required face value = 6

6. (a) The face value is the value of digit itself. So, required sum = 9 + 6 = 15

7. (d) The face value is the value of digit itself. So, required difference = 7-2 = 5

8. (6) Place value of 8 = 800

and face value of 8 = 8 ∴ Required sum = 800 + 8 = 808

9. (a) Place value of 4 = 4000

and face value of 4 = 4 ∴ Required difference = 4000 - 4 = 3996

10. (c) Place value of 6 = 600

and face value of 9 = 9 ∴ Required sum = 600 + 9 = 609

11. (a) Place value of 4 = 4000

and face value of 3 = 3 .'. Required difference = 4000 - 3 = 3997

Hence, when 121012 is divided by 12, then remainder is 4.

13. (d) The sum of place values of 2 in

2424 = 2 X 1000 + 2X10 = 2000 + 20 = 2020

14. (c) 92 and 85 are coprime numbers because their HCF is 1.

15. (a) 1st prime number = 2 and 2nd prime number = 3

.'. Required sum = 2+3 = 5

16. (c) 1st natural number = 1 and 1 st prime number = 2

Required product = 1x2 = 2

17. (6) 1st natural number = 1,

1 st whole number = 0 and 1 st prime number = 2 ∴ Required product = 1x0x2 = 0

18. (a) 1st whole number = 0

Clearly, when any number is multiplied with 0 (the 1st whole number), then the result is 0.

19. (d) A proven fact.

21. (6) 53 has only two factors itself and 1. Hence, it is a prime number.

22. (d) Prime numbers less than 40 are

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37

23. (d) Dividend = 445 and divisor = 5

/. Remainder = 3

25. (a) Given, Divisor (d) = 13, Quotient (Q) = 30

Remainder {R) = 12 and Dividend (D) = ?

We know that,

D=dxQ+R D = 13X30 + 12 = 390 + 12 = 402

26. (c) It is clear from the expression that remainder is 18.

27. (a) Given,

Quotient (Q) = 41, Divisor (d) = 19 Remainder (.R) = 4 and Dividend (D) = ? ∴ Dividend D = dxQ + £ = 19x41 + 4 =
779 + 4 = 783

28. (6) Let the number be x. According to the question,

∴ Number to be added = (23 - 22) = 1 30.(C) Divisor = 5 X Remainder = 5 X 46 = 230 Also, 10 x Quotient = 230

Quotient = 23 We know that

Dividend = (Divisor X Quotient) + Remainder ∴ Dividend = (230 x 23) + 46

= 5290 + 46 = 5336

(d) Let two consecutive odd number be (x + 1) and (x + 3). According to the question,

(x + 1) (x + 3) = 6723 => x2 + 3x + x + 3 = 6723

=> xz + 4x+3 = 6723

=> x2+4x+3-6723 = 0 => xz + 4x - 6720 = 0

=> x2 + 84x - 80x - 6720 = 0

=> x (x + 84) - 80 (x + 84) = 0 => (x - 80) (x + 84) = 0

x = 80,(x*-84) Hence, the greater number = 80 + 3 = 83

32. (c) Let four consecutive even numbers are x, x + 2, x + 4 and x + 6. According to the question,

x+x + 2+x + 4 + x + 6 = 284 => 4x+ 12 = 284

=> 4x = 284-12 = 272

33. (6) Let be the ten's digit be x and unit's digit be y. The two-digit number = lOx + y (where, x > y)

According to the question,

x + y = 14 ...(i)

and x - y = 2 ... (ii)

Solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get

x = 8 and y = 6 .'. Required product = 8 x 6 = 48

34. (c) Given, 33)231228(7006

231 228 198 30 Now, 33 - 30 = 3

.'. On adding 3 to 231228, it is completely divisible by 33.

Exercise © Higher Skill Level Questions

1. (c) We know that,

Sum of first n natural numbers

2. (a) We know that,

Sum of the squares of first n natural

3. (6) We know that,

Sum of the cubes of first n natural numbers

4. (a) We know that,

2 Sum of first n odd numbers = n

Given,

n = 37
∴ Required sum = (3 if =37x37

= 1369

5. (a) We know that,

Sum of first n even numbers = n {n + 1)

Given, n = 84

∴ Required sum = 84 (84 + 1)

= 84 X 85= 7140

6. (a) first 15 multiple of 8 are

8, 16, 24.....120

So, 8(1,2,3,4.....15)

7. (c) Product of four consecutive numbers plus one is always a square Illustration 1 Let four consecutive numbers be 3,
4, 5 and 6.

= (3 x 4 x 5 x 6) + 1 = 361 = (19)z

Illustration 2 Let four consecutive numbers be 9, 10, 11 and 12.

= (9 x 10 x 11 x 12) + 1

= 11881 = (109)2

8. (c) Product of unit digits

= 8X9X6X2 = 864 /. Required digit = 4

9. (a) Product of unit digits =6x1=6 /. Required digit = 6

10. (d) Required digit = Unit digit in (7)754

= Unit digit in {(74)188 x 72} = Unit digit in (1 x 49) = 9

11. (6) Unit digit in 34 = 1 ∴ Unit digit in (34)16 = 1

Unit digit in 385 = 3

Unit digit in 659 = 6

Unit digit in 74 = 1

∴ Unit digit in (74)17 =1

77l = (74jl7 x f

As,

Unit digit in 73 =3 Unit digit in 771 =3 .". Required unit digit = Unit digit in

(3x6x3) = Unit digit in 54 =4

12. (a) 15 X 37 X 63 X 51 X 97 X 17

= 255X37X63X51 X 97 = 35X21 [last two digits]

= 735 = 35 [last two digits]

Hence, last two digits of the product is 35.

13. {d) There can be infinite number of rational numbers between 1 and 1000.

14. (c) Let five consecutive even number be A = x, .B = x + 2, C = x+4,

D = x + 6 and E = x + 8 According to the question, X+X+2+X+4+ x + 6+ x + 8 = 130 => 5x+20 = 130

=> 5x = 130-20 = 110

15. (c) Let the five consecutive numbers are x, (x + 1) and (x + 2), (x + 3) and (x + 4). According to the question, x+x+l
+ x+2+x+3+x + 4 = 170

5x+ 10 = 170 => 5x = 160

= 32 Largest number = (x + 4)

= 32 + 4 = 36 /. Required product

= 32x36 = 1152

16. (c) Let the two consecutive odd numbers be (2x + 1) and (2x + 3).

∴ Difference = (2x + 3)2 - (2x + l)2

= (2x + 3 + 2x + 1) (2x + 3 - 2x- 1) = (4x + 4) X2 = 8 (x+ 1),

which is exactly divisible by 8.

17. (6) Let the number be x. According to the question,

x = 56A- + 29 Then,

x = (8 X 7 k) + (8 X 3) + 5 = 8 X (7i + 3) + 5 Therefore, when x is divided by 8, the required remainder = 5

Dired Approach

In such type of questions to get the new remainder we simply divide the first remainder by second divisor and remainder
obtained is the required answer.
18. (a) Let the given number be (357Jr + 39).

Then,

(357* + 39) = (17 X 21k) + (17 X 2) + 5

= 17x(21i + 2) + 5 .•. Required remainder = 5

19. (6) Let the number be x. According to the question,

x = (5k + 3) On squaring both sides, we get => x2 = (5k + 3)2 = (25£2 + 30Jc + 9)

= 5(5£2 + 6k + 1) + 4 .•. On dividing x by 5, the remainder is 4.

20. (C) Number = 35 X 12 = 420

21. (d) Let the divisor be x and quotient be y. Then, number = xy + 24

Twice the number = 2xy + 48 Now, 2xy is completely divisible by x. On dividing 48 by x remainder is x. x = 48 -11 =
37

22. (a) We know that, a number is divisible by 11 when the difference between the sum of its digit at even places and
sum of digit at odd places is either 0 or the difference is divisible by 11.

So, number is 58129745812974 Sum of digits at odd places

= 4 + 9 + 1 + 5+7+2 + 8 = 36 Sum of digit at even places

7+2 + 8 + 4 + 9 + 1 + 5 = 36 So, the required difference = 36 - 36 = 0 /. The number is divisible by 11.

23. (c) Method I

Following are the numbers between - 11

and 11 which are multiples of 2 or 3?

-10,-9,-8,-6,-4,
-3,-2, 0, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10.

/. The numbers of multiples 2 or 3, between

- 11 and 11 are 15. Method II

Numbers between 0 and 11 which are multiples of 2 or 3

/. Number be 15, including "0".

24. (d) we know that, if the difference between the sum of digits at even places and sum of digits at odd places is (0),
then the number is divisible by 11. From options.

(a) 45678940

Sum of even places =5+7+9 + 0 = 21 Sum of odd places =4 + 6 + 8 + 4 = 22 Their difference = 22-21*0

(b) 54857266

Sum of even places =4 + 5+2+6 = 17 Sum of odd places = 5+8 + 7+6 = 26 Their difference = 26-17 = 9*0

(c) 87524398

Sum of even places =7+2+3+8= 20 Sum of odd places =8 + 5 + 4 + 9= 26 Their difference = 26-20=6*0

(d) 93455120

Sum of even places =3+5+1 + 0=9 Sum of odd places =9 + 4 + 5+2 = 20 Their difference = 20-9 = 11+11 = 1 So, it is
divisible by 11. 25. (a) We know that, (xm - am) is divisible by (x + a), for even values of m. .: (17200 - l200) is divisible
by (17 + 1). => (17200 - 1) is divisible by 18.

When 17200 is divisible by 18, then the remainder is 1.

27. (d) We know that, when m is odd (xm + am) is divisible by (x + a).

.•. Each one is divisible by (41 + 43). ∴ Common factor = (41 + 43)

28. (d) Required remainder =9 +6

= (l)19 + 6=4

[v8 = 9 - 1, so replaced by 1]

30. (d) Let 232 = x and let (232 + 1) = (x + 1) be divisible by a number n.

Then, (296 + 1) = (x3 + 1)

= (x + 1) (x2 - x + 1)

which is clearly divisible by n as (x + 1) is divisible by n.

31. (a) (6X2 + 6x) = 6x (x + 1) which is clearly divisible by 6 and 12 as x(x + 1) is even.

32. (c) We can check divisibility of 195 + 215 by

10 by adding the unit digits of 9 and 1

which is equal to 9 + 1 = 10.

So, it must be divisible by 10.

Now, for divisibility by 20 we add 19 and

21 which is equal to 40. So, it is clear that

it is also divisible by 20.

So,195 + 215isdivisiblebybothl0and20.

33. (C) (2 - 2) = 6 is the largest natural number that divides (a - a) for every number a.

34. (6) We know that, (xn - y") is divisible by

(x — y) for all n and is divisible by (x + y) for even n.

:. (712 - 412) is divisible by(7 + 4) and(7 - 4) => (712 _ 412) is divisible by 11 and 3 ■■• (71Z - 412) is divisible by 33.

35. (a) When N is a natural number, then there is only one possible case that N, (N + 2), [N + 4) are prime numbers,

When N = 3, then N, (N + 2), {N + 4) = 3, 5, 7 all are primes.

36. (b) Taking p = 5

2P - 1 = 25 - 1 = 31 which is prime Taking p = 11

2P - 1 = 211 - 1 = 2047 Since, 2047 is divisible by 23, so it is not prime. Thus, required least positive prime number is
11.

37. (c) Since, b is largest square divisor of c. So, c = bx

(where, x is not a whole square number)

Also, a divides c.

So, a will divide bx.

or a will divide b.

(since, it cannot divide x as it is not a whole

square)

38. (a) If n greater than 1, then nz(nz - 1) is always divisible by 12.

Illustration 1

Put n = 2, then nz{nz - 1) = (2)2(22 - 1) = 4 X3 = 12 Illustration 2 Now, put n = 3, then n2(nz - 1) = (3)2(32 - 1) = 9 X 8
= 72

39. (a) Least number divisible by 7 and above 200 is 203.

Greatest number divisible of 7 and below 400 is 399.

Total numbers divisible by 7 between 200 to 400 are 29

Now, sum of n terms of AP = — (a + 1) 2

where, a = 203, 1 = 399 and n = 29

40. (c) Both the statements given are correct. As 121 is the square of 11. So, to obtain prime numbers less than 121, we
reject all the multiples of prime numbers less than 11 i.e., 2, 3, 5 and 7. Similarly, every composite number less than 121
is divisible by a prime number less than 11 i.e., 2, 3, 5 or 7.

41. (c) I. Any number in order to get completely divided by 11 must have the difference between the sum of even place
digits and the sum of odd place digits equal to 0 or the multiple of 11. In 7710312401, difference between sum of even
place digits and the sum of odd place digit 0.

So, it is divisible by 11.

II. To check divisibility of 173, we can

divide the number by all the prime

numbers from 2 to 13. It is not divisible by

2, 3, 5, 7, 11 and 13. So, it is a prime

number.

Hence, both Statements I and II are correct.

42. (d) If k is a positive integer, then every square integer is of the form 4i or 4£ + 1, as every square number is either a
multiple of 4 or exceeds multiple of 4 by unity.

43. (b) Every prime number of the form 3k + 1 can be represented in the form 6m + 1 only, when k is even.