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    Toulmin Model of Argument

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    Pablo Mondal
    Toulmin proposed a model for analyzing arguments that contains six components: a claim, evidence/data to support the claim, a warrant authorizing the connection between data and claim, backing to support the warrant if needed, a rebuttal recognizing exceptions, and a qualifier expressing certainty. The claim, data, and warrant are essential, while backing, rebuttal, and qualifier are optional depending on the argument.

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    Toulmin Model of Argument

    Uploaded by

    Pablo Mondal
    108 views1 page
    Toulmin proposed a model for analyzing arguments that contains six components: a claim, evidence/data to support the claim, a warrant authorizing the connection between data and claim, backing to support the warrant if needed, a rebuttal recognizing exceptions, and a qualifier expressing certainty. The claim, data, and warrant are essential, while backing, rebuttal, and qualifier are optional depending on the argument.

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    Toulmin proposed a model for analyzing arguments that contains six components: a claim, evidence/data to support the claim, a warrant authorizing the connection between data and claim, backing to support the warrant if needed, a rebuttal recognizing exceptions, and a qualifier expressing certainty. The claim, data, and warrant are essential, while backing, rebuttal, and qualifier are optional depending on the argument.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    108 views1 page

    Toulmin Model of Argument

    Uploaded by

    Pablo Mondal
    Toulmin proposed a model for analyzing arguments that contains six components: a claim, evidence/data to support the claim, a warrant authorizing the connection between data and claim, backing to support the warrant if needed, a rebuttal recognizing exceptions, and a qualifier expressing certainty. The claim, data, and warrant are essential, while backing, rebuttal, and qualifier are optional depending on the argument.

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    The Uses of Argument (1958), Toulmin proposed a layout containing six interrelated components for analyzing arguments: Claim A conclusion whose merit must be established. For example, if a person tries to convince a listener that he is a British citizen, the claim would be I am a British citizen. (1) Evidence (Data) A fact one appeals to as a foundation for the claim. For example, the person introduced in 1 can support his claim with the supporting data I was born in Bermuda. (2) Warrant A statement authorizing movement from the data to the claim. In order to move from the data established in 2, I was born in Bermuda, to the claim in 1, I am a British citizen, the person must supply a warrant to bridge the gap between 1 and 2 with the statement A man born in Bermuda will legally be a British citizen. (3) Backing Credentials designed to certify the statement expressed in the warrant; backing must be introduced when the warrant itself is not convincing enough to the readers or the listeners. For example, if the listener does not deem the warrant in 3 as credible, the speaker will supply the legal provisions as backing statement to show that it is true that A man born in Bermuda will legally be a British citizen. Rebuttal Statements recognizing the restrictions which may legitimately be applied to the claim. The rebuttal is exemplified as follows: A man born in Bermuda will legally be a British citizen, unless he has betrayed Britain and has become a spy of another country. Qualifier Words or phrases expressing the speakers degree of force or certainty concerning the claim. Such words or phrases include probably, possible, impossible, certainly, presumably, as far as the evidence goes, and necessarily. The claim I am definitely a British citizen has a greater degree of force than the claim I am a British citizen, presumably. The first three elements, claim, data, and warrant, are considered as the essential components of practical arguments, while the second triad, qualifier, backing, and rebuttal, may not be needed in some arguments.

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