New Era University

No. 9 Central Avenue, New Era, Quezon City 1107, Philippines

College of Nursing
NCM104-18
Mid-year Semester A.Y. 2021-2022

Pargad, Samantha P. June 17, 2022

CON-1A Pharmacology

Nursing Responsibilities
TYPES MEDICATIONS

• ibuprofen • Teach the patient how

• naproxen nonpharmacologic
NSAIDS • diclofenac techniques, such as
• celecoxib increased fluid intake for
• mefenamic acid fever, positioning for comfort,
• etoricoxib distractions (such television
• indomethacin or music), and rest for pain,
can be used to enhance
pharmacological therapy.
• Check for negative
consequences and notify
others right away.
• Assess vital signs and weight
periodically or if symptoms
warrant.
• Maintain routine CBC,
coagulation tests, bleeding
time, and other
• studies on lipids, liver and
renal function, glucose, and
electrolytes.
• Assess for desired
therapeutic effects

NON-OPIOIDS • Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid, • Careful monitoring of

ASA) patient’s condition and
• acetaminophen (Tylenol) providing education
• tramadol (Ultram) • Careful monitoring of
patient’s condition and
providing education
 • Thorough assessment for
gastric ulcers, severe
renal/hepatic disease,
pregnancy
• Obtain laboratory tests on
renal and liver function
• Pain assessment
• Monitor for side effects
• Assess potential for opioid
• Hydromorphone (Dilaudid, dependency:
OPIODS Exalgo)
• Meperidine (Demerol) Have narcotic antagonists
• Methadone (Dolophine, available to reverse negative
Methadose) effects
• Morphine (Kadian, MS
Contin, Morphabond) • Assist with activity
• Oliceridine (Olynvik) Monitor urine output for
• Oxycodone (Oxaydo, retention
OxyContin)
• Oxycodone and • Monitor patient’s bowel habits
acetaminophen (Percocet, for constipation
Roxicet)
• Oxycodone and naloxone Continue careful monitoring of
patient’s condition:

Especially respiratory status

• Have resuscitative equipment

available
Esters • Prepare emergency tools to
• benzocaine (Americaine, keep the airway open and to
LOCAL Anbesol, Solarcaine, others) offer mechanical ventilation if
ANESTHESIA • chloroprocaine necessary.
(Nesacaine) • To reduce headache, make
• procaine (Novocain) sure patients undergoing
• proparacaine (Alcaine) spinal or epidural anesthetic
• tetracaine (Pontocaine) are well-hydrated and keep
lying down for up to 12 hours
Amides after the procedure.
• articaine (Septocaine, • Provide skin care to site of
Zorcaine) administration to reduce risk
• bupivacaine (Exparel, of skin breakdown.
Marcaine, Sensorcaine) • Provide comfort measures to
dibucaine (Nupercainal) help patient tolerate drug
effects.
 • lidocaine (Anestacon, Dilocaine, • Provide safety measures
Xylocaine, others) (e.g. adequate lighting, raised
• mepivacaine side rails, etc.) to prevent
(Carbocaine, Isocaine, injuries.
Polocaine) • Educate client on drug
• ropivacaine (Naropin) therapy to promote
understanding and
Miscellaneous drugs compliance.
• ethyl chloride or chloroethane
pramoxine (Tronothane)
Benzodiazepines •Prepare emergency
GENERAL • diazepam (Valium) equipment to maintain airway
ANESTHESIA • lorazepam (Ativan) and provide mechanical
• midazolam (Versed) ventilation when
patient is not able to
Opioids maintain respiration because
• alfentanil (Alfenta) of CNS depression.
• fentanyl (Sublimaze, others) • Monitor temperature for
• remifentanil (Ultiva) prompt detection and
• sufentanil (Sufenta) treatment of malignant
hyperthermia. Maintain
Miscellaneous IV Drugs dantrolene on standby.
• etomidate (Amidate) • Monitor vital signs and ECG
• ketamine (Ketalar) readings to assess systemic
response to CNS depression
• propofol (Diprivan)
and provide appropriate
support as needed.
Therapeutic gas
• Provide safety measures
• nitrous oxide
(e.g. adequate lighting, raised
side rails, etc.) to prevent
Volatile liquid
injuries.
• desflurane (Suprane)
• Educate client on drug
• enflurane (Ethrane) therapy to promote
• isoflurane (Forane) understanding and
sevoflurane (Sevo, Ultane) compliance.
• Provide comfort measures
(e.g. pain relief, skin care,
etc.) to help patient tolerate
drug effects.
CHOLENERGIC • bethanechol (Urecholine) Anticholinergics
AGONIST • carbachol (Miostat) (Parasympathomimetics)
• cevimeline (Evoxac)
• pilocarpine (Isopto Carpine, • Monitor for adverse effects
Salagen) • Monitor liver enzymes
• donepezil (Aricept) • Calculate and monitor doses
 • galantamine (Razadyne) • Assess and monitor for
• neostigmine (Prostigmin) appropriate self-care
• physostigmine (Antilirium) administration
• • pyridostigmine (Mestinon,
Regonol) Direct Acting

• Monitor intake and output ratio

• Monitor for blurred vision
• Monitor for orthostatic
hypotension

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

• Monitor muscle strength and

neuromuscular status
• Monitor ptosis, diplopia, and
chewing
• Schedule medication around
mealtimes
• Schedule activities to avoid
fatigue
• Monitor for muscle weakness

• glycopyrrolate (Cuvposa, • Watch for indications of an

Robinul) anticholinergic crisis.
CHOLENERGIC • ipratropium (Atrovent) • Report alterations in blood
ANTAGONIST • methscopolamine (Pamine) pressure, heart rate, or the
• oxybutynin (Ditropan, Oxytrol) emergence of dysrhythmias.
• propantheline (Pro-Banthine) • Offer comforting remedies for dry
• scopolamine mouth
(Transderm Scop) • Minimize exposure to extremes of
• aclidinium (Tudorza Pressair) heat, cold, or exercise.
• Keep an eye on intake and output
• atropine (AtroPen)
• Keep an eye on the patient's
• benztropine (Cogentin)
abdomen
• cyclopentolate (Cyclogyl) and auscultate for distention
• darifenacin (Enablex) toilet noises
• dicyclomine (Bentyl)
• donepezil (Aricept)
• fesoterodine (Toviaz)
• solifenacin (Vesicare)
• tiotropium (Spiriva)
• tolterodine (Detrol)
• trihexyphenidyl
 • tropicamide (Mydiracyl,
Tropicacyl)
• • trospium (Sanctura)
Droxidopa • Monitor vital signs, urinary
• Pseudoephedrine and
ADRENERGIC • Ephedrine cardiac output as appropriate
AGONIST • Dipivefrin • Monitor breathing patterns
• Midodrine • Observe patient’s
• Isoetharine responsiveness to light
• Norepinephrine • Monitor for rhinorrhea and
• Phenylephrine epistaxis
• Phenylpropanolamine
• Brimonidine
acebutolol (Sectral) • Monitor urinary hesitancy,
• alfuzosin (UroXatral) incomplete bladder emptying,
ADRENERGIC • atenolol (Tenormin) interrupted urinary stream
ANTAGONIST • bisoprolol (Zebeta) • Monitor vital signs, level of
• carteolol (Cartrol) consciousness, and mood
• carvedilol (Coreg) • Monitor for dizziness,
• doxazosin (Cardura) drowsiness, or
• esmolol (Brevibloc) lightheadedness
• metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol) • Observe for side effects
• nadolol (Corgard)
• Monitor cardiac output
•otalol (Betapace, Sorine)
•tamsulosin (Flomax)
•terazosin (Hytrin)
• timolol (Blocadren, Timoptic)

SOURCES:
Tabangcora, D. R. I. N. (2022, May 3). General and Local Anesthetics. Nurseslabs.

https://nurseslabs.com/general-local-anesthetic-agents/

Adrenergic Agonists | DrugBank Online. (2022). DrugBank.

https://go.drugbank.com/categories/DBCAT000537

NHS website. (2022b, May 17). NSAIDs. Nhs.Uk. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/nsaids/

Watson, S. (2012, July 19). Opioid (Narcotic) Pain Medications. WebMD.

https://www.webmd.com/pain-management/guide/narcotic-pain-medications