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    Experiment-10 Fire Extinguishers: S&HM Lab Manual

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    Yash Rana
    The document discusses different types of fire extinguishers, their uses, and how they work to put out fires. It describes four main types: 1) air-water extinguishers which are effective and environmentally friendly for class A or solid fuel fires; 2) dry powder extinguishers which can be used on class A, B, or E fires; 3) carbon dioxide extinguishers which are effective on electrically energized fires; and 4) foam extinguishers which can be used on class A or B fires. It also explains that fires need heat, fuel, and oxygen to burn, and fire extinguishers work by removing one of these three components.

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    Experiment-10 Fire Extinguishers: S&HM Lab Manual

    Uploaded by

    Yash Rana
    453 views7 pages
    The document discusses different types of fire extinguishers, their uses, and how they work to put out fires. It describes four main types: 1) air-water extinguishers which are effective and environmentally friendly for class A or solid fuel fires; 2) dry powder extinguishers which can be used on class A, B, or E fires; 3) carbon dioxide extinguishers which are effective on electrically energized fires; and 4) foam extinguishers which can be used on class A or B fires. It also explains that fires need heat, fuel, and oxygen to burn, and fire extinguishers work by removing one of these three components.

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    s&Hm Practical 10

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    The document discusses different types of fire extinguishers, their uses, and how they work to put out fires. It describes four main types: 1) air-water extinguishers which are effective and environmentally friendly for class A or solid fuel fires; 2) dry powder extinguishers which can be used on class A, B, or E fires; 3) carbon dioxide extinguishers which are effective on electrically energized fires; and 4) foam extinguishers which can be used on class A or B fires. It also explains that fires need heat, fuel, and oxygen to burn, and fire extinguishers work by removing one of these three components.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    453 views7 pages

    Experiment-10 Fire Extinguishers: S&HM Lab Manual

    Uploaded by

    Yash Rana
    The document discusses different types of fire extinguishers, their uses, and how they work to put out fires. It describes four main types: 1) air-water extinguishers which are effective and environmentally friendly for class A or solid fuel fires; 2) dry powder extinguishers which can be used on class A, B, or E fires; 3) carbon dioxide extinguishers which are effective on electrically energized fires; and 4) foam extinguishers which can be used on class A or B fires. It also explains that fires need heat, fuel, and oxygen to burn, and fire extinguishers work by removing one of these three components.

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    of 7

    S&HM LAB MANUAL

    FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

    EXPERIMENT-10
    FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

    GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, VALSAD Page 1


    S&HM LAB MANUAL
    FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

    AIM: Demonstrate construction and working of different fire extinguishers


    THEORY:

    Types of fire extinguishers according to type of fuel:

    Fuel Sources Class Type of Extinguisher


    of Fire (Extinguishing Agent)
    Ordinary combustibles A Water; chemical foam;
    (e.g., trash, wood, paper, cloth) dry chemical

    Flammable liquids B Carbon dioxide (CO2);


    (e.g., oils, grease, tar, gasoline, paints, halon2; dry chemical; aqueous
    thinners) film forming foam (AFFF)
    Electricity (e.g., live electrical C CO2; halon; dry chemical
    equipment)
    Combustible metals D Dry powder (suitable for the
    (e.g., magnesium, titanium) specific combustible metal
    involved)

    1. Dry chemicals, CO2 and halon can be used on Class A fires, but may not be effective on
    their own. They need to be supplemented with water.

    2. Halon extinguishers are no longer made, but some may still be in use. Dangerous gases are
    formed when halon is used to put out fires. Wear proper respiratory equipment, particularly
    in enclosed spaces. After use, do not allow anyone to enter the area until it has been well
    ventilated.

    DIFFERENT TYPES ARE:

    1. Air-Water Fire Extinguishers

    Air Water Extinguishers are economical and environmentally friendly and provide
    protection against Class (A) Type fires being Wood, Paper & Textile Feature of Air
    Water Extinguishers.

    Fire extinguishers are made to fight different types of fires. In the case of flammable
    solids such as paper, wood, rubber, or plastic Air-Water Fire extinguishers are an
    economical and environmentally friendly option. Air-Water extinguishers are easy to
    maintain and provide maximum effectiveness for minimum cost. The Air-Water extinguishers

    GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, VALSAD Page 2


    S&HM LAB MANUAL
    FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

    are perfect for the office and home especially in environments where class A type fire are more
    likely to occur.

    Features of Air-Water extinguishers include:


     Air Water extinguishers are rechargeable
     All metal nozzle and valves and steel cylinder
     Easy maintenance and low cost
     Effective on wide range of class A fires
     Highly portable
     Environmentally friendly with no Ozone Depletion Potential or EPA restrictions

    2. Dry Powder Fire Extinguishers

    Dry Chemical Powder available in 1.0Kg, 1.5kg, 2.5kg, 4.5kg and 9.0kg capacities. All dry
    chemical extinguishers give maximum performance, especially on highly flammable fires.
    They can also be used on live electrical equipment. These extinguishers contain NO CFC's
    and are rechargeable on site. Features of dry powder extinguishers include:
     All metal nozzle and valves and steel cylinder
     Easy maintenance and low cost
     Effective on wide range of class A fires
     Highly portable

    Multi-Purpose ABE powder is a versatile agent which is used to extinguish class A


    (Carbonaceous) fires achieved by sealing embers, it is also used on class B (Flammable Liquid)
    fires and class E (Electrical) fires. The ABE powder extinguishers are approved by
    AUSTRALIAN STANDARD to AS1841.5

    3. Carbon Dioxide (CO²) Fire Extinguishers

    CO2 available in 2.0kg, 3.5kg & 5.0kg, all CO2 Extinguishers give maximum performance
    especially on Electrically Energized Fires these extinguisher contain NO CFCs and are
    rechargeable features of carbon dioxide include:
     All metal valves and steel cylinder
     Easy maintenance and low cost
     Effective on wide range of fires
     Highly portable

    GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, VALSAD Page 3


    S&HM LAB MANUAL
    FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

    4. Foam Fire Extinguishers

    Foam Extinguishers are suitable for either Class A, (combustible materials) and class B,
    (flammable liquid) fires. Giving a good flame knock-down, the foam extinguisher retains the
    features to both extinguish the risk & secure the hazard. Features of foam extinguishers
    include:
     Foam Extinguishers are rechargeable
     All metal nozzle and valves and steel cylinder
     Easy maintenance and low cost
     Effective on wide range of class A fires
     Highly portable

    5. Wet Chemical Fire Extinguishers


    Wet Chemical Extinguishers are a special purpose designed extinguisher, specifically for
    use in kitchens and restaurants, where the major risk is from burning fats and oils. These
    are available in two sizes, 2.0L & 7.0 L. Features of wet chemical extinguishers include:
     All metal nozzle and valves and steel cylinder
     Easy maintenance and low cost
     Effective on wide range of class A fires
     Highly portable

    FIRE EXTINGUISHERS IN DETAIL ALONG WITH THEIR WORKING


    MECHANISM

    How a fire extinguisher works

    Fire extinguishers are an integral part of dealing with fires, and an understanding of how a
    fire extinguisher works will enable you to be able to better use this equipment in case of
    an emergency. Before going into the details of how a fire extinguisher works, it is
    important to understand that there are a number of types of fire extinguishers and each one
    works in a different way. However, the basic working principle can be learnt for a fire
    extinguisher.

    For a fire to sustain, it needs the following:


     Heat to sustain itself and propagate
     Fuel to keep burning and spread to new areas
     Oxygen that is central to combustion of fuel

    Even if one of these is taken away, the fire cannot sustain and will die off. This is the basic
    principle on which fire extinguishers are built that help to extinguish a fire. Different types of

    GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, VALSAD Page 4


    S&HM LAB MANUAL
    FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

    fire extinguishers remove different components that require the fire to sustain, thereby
    extinguishing it.

    The following are the three main types of fire extinguishers in use today, and their method
    of fire extinguishing is as follows –

     Water extinguishers: Water is one of the most commonly used fire extinguishing agent.
    Water fire extinguishers work by removing heat from the surface, thereby killing the fire.
    In water extinguishers, compressed air pushes water to come out of the tank to be sprayed
    on fire.
     Gas extinguishers (mainly carbon dioxide extinguishers): Carbon dioxide fire
    extinguishers contain high pressure carbon dioxide in the liquid form. When this gas is
    suddenly released on a fire, the gas expands by a huge amount, thereby reducing its
    temperature. In addition, carbon dioxide is heavier than air, so it settles down. This means
    that carbon dioxide fire extinguishers work by removing heat and also oxygen supply to
    the fire, and thus they are effective in extinguishing fires.
     Dry chemical extinguishers: These work by cutting off the fuel supply to the fire. When
    dry chemical powder is sprinkled around the fire, the powder tends to form a layer on top
    of the fuel and thus cuts it off from the fire. The powder being non-flammable, the fire
    doesn’t get the fuel to sustain itself and thus extinguishers.

    TYPES OF EXTINGUISHERS

    To help in choosing the proper extinguisher, fires are classed A, B, C, or D, according to the type
    of fuel (e.g., paper, grease, oil) that is involved in the fire. Extinguishers are available for use on
    one or more classes of fire, depending on the extinguishing agent they contain (e.g., water,
    chemicals).

    GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, VALSAD Page 5


    S&HM LAB MANUAL
    FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

    GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, VALSAD Page 6


    S&HM LAB MANUAL
    FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

    QUESTION & ANSWER

    GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, VALSAD Page 7

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