Health Belief Model Theory: This Study Is Anchored in The

Gradually, the Health Belief Model is often used to understand individual behaviour in society
when responding to disease. Then, Rosenstock re-developed it to outline prevention strategies related
to health and reactions to the treatment of patients with serious illnesses (Rosenstock, 1974). Alongside
the development of the era and the progress of science and technology, this theory is often used to
estimate the opportunities for various health-related behaviours now.
This theory is based on the idea that individual or group perceptions or beliefs about a disease
and the facilities or strategies that influence behavioural responses to minimise and avoid the risk of
disease appearance. This theory has formed based on cognitive research, which considered the process
of individual decision-making in terms of health behaviour.
In addition, researchers in the United States began to discuss the strategies or steps considered
the most effective for implementing the education and health approach. They are motivated to discuss
and identify various factors that can predict an individual or group‘s decision to adopt a healthy
behaviour. So the individual can implement healthy behaviour, the Health Belief Model has a focus on
individual understanding of threats and evaluates the individual‘s health behaviour (Stretcher &
Rosenstock, 1997).
Public Obedience to Health Protocols: Health Belief Model’s Perspective Nowadays, the Health
Belief Model theory had much developed rapidly, so this theory used to analyse various kinds of health
behaviour for the long and short term. Moreover, many studies have utilised The Theory of Health Belief
Model to analyse various health behaviours. Therefore, this theory will be used to analyse society‘s
obedience toward health protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Health Belief Model theory: This study is anchored in the The Health Belief Model of Rosenstock
Hochbaum explain the failure of people participating in programs to prevent and detect disease.
Later, the model was extended by others to study people's behavioral responses to health-
related conditions.
This theory is based on the idea that individual or group perceptions or beliefs about a disease
and the facilities or strategies that influence behavioural responses to minimise and avoid the risk of
disease appearance. This theory has formed based on cognitive research, which considered the process
of individual decision-making in terms of health behaviour. Gradually, the Health Belief Model is often
used to understand individual behaviour in society when responding to disease. Then, Rosenstock re-
developed it to outline prevention strategies related to health and reactions to the treatment of
patients with serious illnesses (Rosenstock, 1974). Alongside the development of the era and the
progress of science and technology, this theory is often used to estimate the opportunities for various
health-related behaviours now.
The HBM contains several constructs that are hypothesized to predict why people
engage in prevention, screening, and/or controlling health conditions. Personal characteristics,
such as age, gender, and ethnicity modify individual perceptions, such as perceived
susceptibility, severity, self-efficacy, and benefits & barriers. Perceived susceptibility and
severity of a health condition together, have been labeled as "perceived threat." Perceived
benefits help reduce perceived threat about a health behavior. Perceived barriers impede health
behaviors. Benefits minus barriers support health behavior change. Self-Efficacy influences
perceived threat (perceived susceptibility and severity) and perceived benefits minus perceived
barriers, which support initiation of health behavior change. Cues in the environment trigger
action and act on individual perceptions, such as perceived benefits, and perceived
susceptibility.
Relating it to the present study, The low obedience of the Indonesian people toward health
protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the belief that they are not susceptible to
the virus. Some believe that the disease is non-threatening. Therefore, the Indonesian people
do not know the benefits or purposes of implementing health protocols. a
https://www.med.upenn.edu/hbhe4/part2-ch3-main-constructs.shtml#:~:text=The%20Health
%20Belief%20Model%20(HBM,to%20prevent%20and%20detect%20disease.

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Gradually, the Health Belief Model is often used to understand individual behaviour in society

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