Electricity and Magnetism

Science 9 -STARLITE
Name: __________________________________________________ Score:
Section: STARMOONSTONE
NOTE: NO NEED TO USE SEPARATE ANSWER SHEET, THIS PAPER WILL SERVE AS YOUR ANSWER SHEET.
E – Generation
Electricity is vital to mankind in this modern age. Industries use it to make different products that are beneficial to man. We also enjoy
its benefits in our homes through our electrical appliances, gadgets, lights, alarm systems, and others. Electricity has been an integral part of
our lives since the time it was discovered. Most of the comforts we enjoy nowadays employ the use of electricity. As you read this text under the
light of a lamp, switch on the TV to your favorite program, or plug-in your charger to charge your device, do you ever imagine how electricity
reaches you from where it came from?

How is electricity produced? Electricity must be generated from a source – the power plant. There are different types of power plants
depending on the source of energy that is used to generate electricity. For example, a geothermal power plant uses heat from within the earth to
produce electricity. Geothermal power plants require high-temperature (300 °F to 700 °F) hydrothermal resources that come from either dry
steam wells or from hot water wells. These resources are used by drilling wells into the earth and then piping steam or hot water to the surface.
The hot water or steam drives generator turbines that produce electricity. When the steam cools, it condenses to water and is injected back into
the ground to be used again. This can be summarized through the illustration below.

Electricity may also be generated from other sources such as running water, wind, light and heat from the sun, nuclear reactions, and
burning fossil fuels. The Philippines, in its quest to sustain its rising economy has tapped several viable yet non-conventional energy resources.

Learning Task 1: Match the type of power plant with its energy source.
Type Energy Sources
_______1. Hydroelectric A. heat from the sun
_______2. Geothermal B. moving air
_______3. Solar C. nuclear reaction
_______4. Wind D. flowing water
_______5. Biomass E. organic waste
F. heat from earth

E – Generation and Magnetism

Previously, it was discussed that electricity can be generated through a variety of sources. These sources supply the energy
necessary to turn large turbines which are then connected to a device called a generator. This device converts mechanical energy to electrical
energy. How is this possible? It is made possible by the interaction between a changing magnetic field and a conductor inside the generator
assembly. A magnet at rest or a conductor at rest cannot produce electric current. So current is induced by either moving the magnet or the
conductor. This phenomenon was discovered by Michael Faraday and is known as electromagnetic induction.

E – Transmission and Distribution

How does electricity reach you? After generating electricity in the power plant, it then flows through large wires connected to a step-up
transformer. A step-up transformer raises the voltage as high as 756 kV so it can travel long distances. The electric current then travels through

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 Electricity and Magnetism
Science 9 -STARLITE
transmission power lines going to the substations where it is lowered by a step-down transformer to between 13 kV – 2 kV. From the
substations, electricity is sent to a pole transformer or a transformer box where it is lowered again to between 240 volts – 120 volts. It is from
here where electricity comes into your home through a service box, where your electric meter is located to measure how much you consume.
Wires around your house take electricity to power your lights and appliances. Can you trace back the path taken by electricity?

Learning Task 2: Trace the path of electricity by arranging the steps chronologically from 1 - 6. Write the number on the space
provided before each step.
_____ Electricity is then taken through the lines to a pole transformer – or a transformer box if underground – and voltage is lowered again to
between 120 and 240 volts.

_____ Electricity flows from the power plant through wires to the step-up transformer. The transformer raises the voltage so it can travel long
distances – it’s raised as high as 756,000 volts.

_____ From here electricity comes into your home through a service box, where your meter is located to measure how much you use. Wires
take electricity around your home powering your lights and all your other appliances.

_____ The steam powers a turbine which spins a huge magnet inside a copper wire. Heat energy converts to mechanical energy which then
converts to electrical energy in the generator.

_____ The electric current then runs through the power lines to the substation transformer where voltage is lowered to between 2000 and 13000
volts.

_____ Steam is generated at the electricity plant by the burning of fossil fuels – or at a nuclear or hydroelectric plant.

E – CONSUMPTION: How is it computed?

How much did you or your family paid for electricity this month? Do you have any idea how electric companies charge your use of
electricity? It depends on how much electrical energy you used. Let us find out how. One thing to be considered is how much electrical power
was consumed. Aside from electrical power consumed, the time of usage of electricity is also considered. To get the total energy used, multiply
the power consumption by the amount of time or duration of use as in the formula below:

E = Pt where: E = Energy used (kWh) P = Power (W) t = Time (s)

The unit of measurement for energy used is kilowatt-hour (kWh), which is one kilowatt of power for a period of one hour. The electrical
energy used in the household is measured by an electric meter which is usually located outside the house for easy access to reading.

Sample Problem: How much electrical energy is used by a 250-W refrigerator for 8 hours? If the cost of electricity is Php 8.32 per kWh, how
much will the use of the refrigerator cost?

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 Electricity and Magnetism
Science 9 -STARLITE

NAME: _________________________________________________________________ Score: __________________________

Learning Task 3: Compute for the household’s electrical consumption for 1 day. Write your solution.

kWh Price = PHP 9.5842

APPLIANCE POWER, P (W) TIME, t (h) ENERGY, E (kWh) COST (Php)

1. TV 150 10
2. Flat Iron 1000 1
3. Rice Cooker 200 1
4. Air conditioner 920 10
5. Refrigerator 250 24
TOTAL
Solution:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Learning Task 4: Analyze and answer the problem. Write your solution and box the final answer.

1. How much electrical energy is used by the 9 working 50-W printers for 6 hours? If the cost of electricity is Php 9.58 per kWh, how
much will the use of the printers cost?

ASSESSMENT. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. All the following power plants use steam to drive the turbines to produce electricity except
A. hydropower B. geothermal C. coal-fired D. nuclear

2. Electrical power generated in power plants is measured in

A. watts B. joules C. kilowatts D. megawatts

3. The unit of electricity used to measure electrical consumption in homes is

A. watt-hour B. kilowatt-hour C. watt-second D. kilowatt-second
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 Electricity and Magnetism
Science 9 -STARLITE
4. A step-up transformer
A. lowers the voltage to make it safe for household consumption
B. raises the voltage for long distance travel
C. lowers the voltage for lesser bill payment
D. raises the voltage for faster travel

5. Whenever you switch/turn on an appliance, electricity travels from

A. power plants → transmission substations →distribution substations → residences
B. transmission substations → power plants → residences →distribution substations
C. power plants →distribution substations → transmission substations → residences
D. distribution substations → power plants → transmission substations → residences

6. Power stations generate alternating current (AC) because

A. the transformers they use work with AC
B. it is more efficient and economical
C. it is easier to generate, safer and more economical to transmit
D. it is used in mobile devices and gadgets

7. The relationship between electricity and magnetism was discovered by

A. Benjamin Franklin B. Michael Faraday C. James Watt D. Hans Christian Oersted

8. A generator transforms
A. mechanical energy to electrical energy
B. electrical to mechanical energy
C. mechanical to heat energy
D. electrical to light energy

9. In a coil of wire, electric current may be induced

A. by holding a magnetic compass beside it
B. by rapidly inserting a magnet into and out of the coil of wire
C. by connecting it to a galvanometer
D. by holding a magnet stationary inside the coil of wire

10. To reduce your electric bill, you should

A. connect appliances in series
B. make use of limited appliances
C. put off appliances when not in use
D. put off the main switch during the day