2.

Survival: Our
environment and
food

1
 In this unit, you
will answer:
How many types of environments do you know?
What animals live there?
What features do they have?
What do we eat?
Where does our food come from?

Introduction
In this unit, you will learn about the different environments in which
humans and animals live. You will also learn about the food we eat,
where it comes from, and the features of animals.

You will be able to describe animals and food without any problems.

2
Our project

Our project
You are what you eat

3
Our project
In this unit, you will carry on working on the project You are what you
eat. You will create a recipe book so you can have all the recipes from
the class together in one place! Remember this is part of a bigger
project about food.

Before you start working, talk to your partner and answer these
questions:

Do you think the food we eat is related to the place where

we live?
Do you believe that people in the past ate the same things
as we eat today?
Do you know where the ingredients we use for cooking
come from?
Do you eat products from your country, from other parts
of the world or from both?
Do you think meal times are the same everywhere?
Do you know any British recipes?

You will find out the answers to these questions with the help of
worksheets that are presented in the final part of You are what you eat.

4
Climate, fauna and flora

Climate, fauna and flora

In this lesson, you will learn about different

environments and about how to express your
emotions and opinions.

Types of environments

1. Listen and choose the right picture.

Audio 1

Audio 2

5
2. Listen and choose the right picture.

Audio 1

Audio 2

3. Answer these questions:

a. Where do we find a lot of trees?

6
b. What’s the weather like in the desert?
c. Is a rainforest a type of desert?
d. Which place receives less rain throughout the
year?
e. Where can we find tundra lands?
f. Which type of environment do you prefer?

7
Now, read the texts.
Tundra lands are one of the Earth's coldest places: in the Arctic
and on the tops of mountains. They are regions which don’t have
many trees. The climate is cold and windy and it doesn’t rain a
lot. Tundra lands are covered with snow for much of the year,
until summer brings an explosion of wild flowers.

Grasslands or savannahs are places where there is not enough

regular rainfall for the development of a forest, but not so little
as to form a desert. Grass is the most abundant vegetation.
Grasslands are usually between forests and deserts. About one
quarter of the Earth's land is covered with grasslands.
Grasslands are generally open and flat, and they exist on every
continent except Antarctica.

Deserts cover more than one fifth of the Earth's land, and they
can be found on every continent. A place that receives less than
25 centimetres of rain per year is considered a desert. The driest
deserts get less than one centimetre of rain per year.

There are dry and hot deserts that can reach temperatures of up
to 50º Celsius during the day, but there are cold deserts as well,
like the one in Antarctica. You probaly think that all deserts have
sand but only about 10 percent of deserts are covered with sand
dunes.

Forests change a lot from one place to another. They are

extensions of land covered with trees, shrubs and many different
types of plants. They are in every continent. The weather
changes a lot from one forest to another because there are
many types, but the three main ones are: deciduous forests,
where trees lose their leaves in winter; coniferous forests, where
trees never lose their leaves, and rainforests which are very
warm and humid so that plants grow strong and tall.

8
 Grammar

State verbs

State verbs show emotions, mental processes or possession, but not

actions.

Emotions: love, like, hate, want

I hate Brussels sprouts.

Mental processes: know, think, remember, understand,

believe

I remember when I met you.

Possession: have got, own

We own a new car.

4. Choose the right verb to make true sentences.

like love know think believe own ​

9
 a. I _____ going camping to the forest.
b. I _____ tundra lands are on the top of
mountains.
c. Nobody can _____ a desert or a rainforest.
d. I _____ it’s too cold at night in the desert.
e. I _____ places without trees.
f. Everybody _____ it rains too much in the
rainforest.

5. Complete the questions.

a. gap you believe it is easy to live in

the rainforest?
b. gap your classmate like the
grasslands of Africa?
c. gap you think there are many
people living in the Sahara Desert in
Africa?
d. gap your family love to go to the
forest?

10
 e. gap you believe we get wood
from forests?
f. gap some people own forest land
in your country?

6. Answer the previous questions in pairs.

7. Read and match the meaning to the words:

11
 We all breathe oxygen, we eat food, we drink
water, we live in houses and we try to keep
warm every day. We obtain all of these from
our environment.

It is very important to look after the flora and

fauna in the place where we live. Flora helps to
keep the air clean and gives us food. Fauna
gives us food and warmth. Domestic fauna
help us in many ways.

1 a
Flora The external surroundings in
which we live.

2 b
Fauna All the plants of a place.

3 c
Environment All the animals living in a
particular place.

8. Write a small paragraph about the environment

where you live. You can use the following questions as
a guide:

Do you live in a city or in the countryside?

Is there a park or a forest where you live?
Are there many insects near your house?
Are there many trees, flowers, bushes?

12
9. Watch this https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alXVcTpmzuc
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alXVcTpmzuc) about
the different types of forests.

13
Animals and their features

Animals and their features

In this lesson, you will learn about animals, the places

where they live and how they survive.

Animals

1. Look, listen and learn the words.

2. Put the animals in the right group.

14
parrot gap hen gap

rooster gap panther gap

whale gap pig gap

horse gap tortoise gap

lizard gap parakeet gap

shark gap eagle gap

Wild birds

Farm birds

Wild mammal

Farm mammal

Reptiles

Fish

Wild birds

Farm birds

Wild mammal

Farm mammal

Reptiles

Fish

Wild birds

Farm birds

15
Wild mammal

Farm mammal

Reptiles

Fish

Wild birds

Farm birds

Wild mammal

Farm mammal

Reptiles

Fish

Wild birds

Farm birds

Wild mammal

Farm mammal

Reptiles

Fish

Wild birds

Farm birds

Wild mammal

Farm mammal

Reptiles

Fish

16
Wild birds

Farm birds

Wild mammal

Farm mammal

Reptiles

Fish

Wild birds

Farm birds

Farm mammal

Reptiles

Fish

Wild birds

Farm birds

Wild mammal

Farm mammal

Reptiles

Fish

Wild birds

Farm birds

Wild mammal

Farm mammal

Reptiles

17
 Fish

Wild birds

Farm birds

Wild mammal

Farm mammal

Reptiles

Fish

Wild birds

Farm birds

Wild mammal

Farm mammal

Reptiles

Fish

... and their features

3. Match the picture to the correct word:

gap

18
 gap

gap

gap

fin fin fin fin

beak beak beak beak

wings wings wings wings

claw claw claw claw

4. Match the picture to the correct word:

gap

gap

19
 gap

gap

shell shell shell shell

scales scales scales scales

tail tail tail tail

fur fur fur fur

5. Match the picture to the correct word:

gap

gap

gap

20
 gap

trunk trunk trunk trunk

horn horn horn horn

mane mane mane mane

feathers feathers feathers feathers

6. Match the picture to the correct word:

gap

gap

gap

tusks tusks tusks

udder udder udder

gills gills gills

7. Complete with the right word:

21
 have sharp eat are beak feathers
wings claws carnivores herbivores

Parakeets or budgies gap small or medium

size birds. They are generally green in colour, but
they can be blue or yellow too. They gap a

colourful and curved gap . They also have

long tail gap . They haven’t got arms

because they have gap . They eat nuts,

seeds and vegetables. So they are gap .

Eagles are big birds. They have very strong

gap to carry their prey. They have large

eyes. They have a very gap vision and they

see their prey from a very long distance. They only
gap meat. So they are gap .

8. Complete with the right word:

molluscs are hasn't brain shellfish

skeletal tentacles

Octopuses are gap . They have a soft body.

An octopus gap got a gap

structure but it has a skull to protect the
gap . An octopus has eight gap
which they use to move and also to taste what they
eat. They generally eat gap . So they

22
 gap carnivores.

9. Complete with the right word:

gills are tails fin teeth have

haven’t

Sharks are fish. There gap more than 400

shark species in the ocean, but they all gap

the same basic anatomy. They gap got

lungs, they have gap to breathe. Sharks

have gap to move very fast in the water.

Sharks have fins as well. They have a dorsal
gap on the back which helps with the

balance. They have many rows of gap and

their shape depends on their diet. Most sharks eat
meat. So, they are carnivores.

Grammar

Countable and uncountable nouns

23
 Countable nouns are for Uncountable nouns are for
things we can count using things that we cannot count
numbers: two wings with numbers: air

They have a singular and a They may be the names for

plural form: ideas (knowledge) or for
physical objects that are too
one wing two wings The small or too indefinite to
singular form can use the count:
determiner a or an:
water sugar
a wing an ear

Uncountable nouns are

used with a singular verb.
They do not have a plural
form:

Sugar is sweet.

If you want to ask about the If you want to ask about the
quantity of a countable quantity of an uncountable
noun, you ask How many? noun, you ask How much?:
combined with the plural
countable noun: How much strength does a
lizard have?
How many wings does a
butterfly have?

Some, any, much, many

24
 Countable Uncountab
Countable
nouns Uncountab
le nouns
nouns le nouns
We use some with All animals
They have
both countable need some
some lions
and uncountable water to
Some in that zoo.
nouns. survive.

We use any with

Lions don’t We don’t
both countable
have any have any
and uncountable
feathers. water.
nouns.

Do elephants Do lions
have any have any
In general, we use
horns? strength?
any in questions
and negative
Pigs don't I didn't find
sentences.
have any any milk.
wings

Any
We use any in
positive sentences
Elephant Fish never
after words that
never have eat any
have a negative
any horns. chocolate.
meaning, such as
never.

25
 Countable Uncountab
nouns le nouns
We use many and We use We use
much to express many for much for
that there is a big countable uncountabl
quantity of nouns: e nouns:
something.
Many
Parrots have A tortoise
and
many doesn’t have
muc
colours. much speed
h
to move.
There are
many
animals on
this planet.

10. Complete the sentences with much, many, some or

any.

a. gap animals live in nature and we

call them wild animals.
b. gap animals live with us in the
house and we call them pets.

26
 c. Crocodiles never have gap
feathers.
d. Camels don’t need to drink gap
water every day.
e. Are there gap black panthers in
this zoo?
f. There are gap colourful birds and
insects.
g. Is there gap water in a fish tank?

h. Deserts don’t get gap water.

i. gap people are afraid of spiders.

Some Some some some

Much Much much much

Any Any any many

some many some some

much much much much

any any many any

Many

Much

Any

11. Animal facts. Complete the facts for these animals in

your notebook and write here a short paragraph to
27
describe them.

28
Human life

Human life

In this lesson, you will learn about the environment

where humans live. You will learn about what and
how we eat, and you will learn to talk about the past.

How we eat

1. Listen and choose the right picture.

Audio 1

Audio 2

29
2. Listen and choose the right picture.

Audio 1

Audio 2

30
Now, read and check:
People think our food is difficult to cook because we
use a lot of spices to cook things like curry. But
our cuisine is, in fact, easy to cook. We use spices
such as cumin or coriander in the same way people
in Europe use other ingredients or spices like salt,
pepper or parsley. We love colour. Our clothes are
colourful and so is our food.
We don’t use knives and forks to eat our food, we
use chopsticks. People think it isn’t nice to
eat raw fish but it is delicious. Our food comes in
small portions and it’s beautiful to look at. We eat
lots of fish, rice and wasabi.
Food is very important to us. It’s lovely to sit at the
table with the family and eat nice, fresh pasta. We
use a lot of olive oil and herbs like oregano or basil.
It’s easy to cook pasta but it has to be cooked al
dente, which means its firm when you bite into it.
We live a very fast life, so we love fast food: burgers,
pizzas, Chinese or Japanese take aways… We also
have home cooked meals such as roast chicken,
pork or fish, but my country is famous for its
burgers.

3. Listen to the conversation between Jane and Joshua

and answer the questions.

31
 a. How does Joshua feel?
b. What are they cooking?
c. When was the last time Joshua had this
recipe?
d. Why was he in Rome?
e. What ingredients do they need?

4. Working in pairs, look at the pictures of the markets and

answer:

a. Where do you think they are?

b. Do they sell the same food?
c. Do you think people eat different things in
different countries because of the food they can
buy?

32
 Grammar: Past simple and past
continuous

Past simple

The past simple describes an action which is finished:

I went to school yesterday.

The past simple of regular verbs is formed by:

33
 Verb
Infinitive Add Simple past
ending in...

-e live -d lived

Change y to
Consonant
cry i, then cried
+y
add -ed.

One vowel +
Double the
one
consonant,
consonant stop stopped
then add
(but not w
-ed.
or y)

anything
else
show -ed showed
(including w
)

Here you have a list of the main irregular verbs.

Past continuous

The past continuous describes progressive actions which

were happening at a certain time in the past:

I was cooking breakfast at 7 o’clock in the morning.

Sometimes, an action is interrupted by another action. In this case we

34
usually use the word when:

I was reading the recipe when my sister arrived home.

Other times, two continuous actions in the past are happening at the
same time. In this case, we use the word while:

Jenny was cooking dinner while Mary was having a shower.

The past continuous is formed by the past simple of to be (was/were) +

verb ing.

35
 Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I was cooking I wasn’t cooking Was I cooking?

You were You weren’t Were you

cooking cooking cooking?

He wasn’t
He was cooking Was he cooking?
cooking

She wasn’t
She was cooking Was she cooking?
cooking

It was cooking It wasn’t cooking Was it cooking?

We weren’t Were we
We were cooking
cooking cooking?

You were You weren’t Were you

cooking cooking cooking?

They were They weren’t Were they

cooking cooking cooking?

These tenses usually go with time expressions such as yesterday, last

month, two years ago, etc.

I was combing my hair when Julia arrived home yesterday.

36
 Last month, we were planning to go to the concert.

We were living in the USA two years ago but now we live in the UK.

5. Order the words to construct the sentences.

a. were / Mark and Lewes / a /eating / cake.

gap

b. you / Were / cooking programme /

watching / the / yesterday?
gap

c. having / when / breakfast / I / me. / was /

phoned / you
gap

d. He / was / a / tea. / peeling/ making / was /

potato / she / while
gap

e. We / going / were / to / Peter. / restaurant

/ when / we /the / saw
gap

6. Write the correct form of the verbs in the simple past:

a. I gap (bake) a cake last night.

37
 b. They gap (like) cartoons when
they were younger.
c. She gap (study) Maths yesterday.

d. You gap (cook) the chicken too

soon.
e. We gap (look) through the
window and we saw the garden.

7. Write the correct form of these irregular verbs in the

simple past.

a. She gap (buy) a kilo of flour to

make some bread.
b. We gap (go) camping to the
mountains last year.
c. You gap (be) at school last
Monday.
d. I gap (eat) an apple last night.

e. They gap (see) your brother last

week.

8. In your notebooks, write the negative and interrogative

forms of the sentences that appear in exercises 6 and 7.

9. Write while or when appropriately.

Example:
I was watching TV while Oskar was reading his book.

38
 a. They were going home gap it
started to rain.
b. We were playing with the ball gap
you were sleeping.
c. He was buying an umbrella gap
the sun came out.
d. My dog was eating a bone gap
the cat was chasing a mouse.
e. Martha was writing a recipe gap
her father was cooking some lunch.
f. Liza and Pat were baking a cake
gap their mother brought a
chocolate cake home.

10. Write the correct questions for these answers using

the past continuous.

Example:
Were you having lunch when I phoned you? — No, I wasn’t
having lunch when you phoned me.

a. gap
She was doing her homework when
Johnny came home.
b. gap
I was dreaming when you woke me up.
c. gap

39
 I was going to the shop when you saw me.
d. gap
They were listening to music when the
radio broke.

Keeping the food

11. Look and place. Where do we keep these foods?

noodles yogurt rice mayonnaise sauce

oranges sweets potatoes ice-cream
chocolate
butter olive oil plums

Fridge Freezer Fruit bowl Larder

12. 40
12. Group game. Describe the food without using the taboo
words.

41
Can I help you?

Can I help you?

You will learn how to behave in a restaurant.

At the restaurant

1. Complete the dialogue with the right expressions.

Waiter: gap ?

Customer: It’s only me, thank you.

Waiter: This way, Sir. Here is gap .

Please, follow me. gap in a

second.

Customer: Thank you.

I'll bring the menu How many are you, Sir

a table for one

2. Complete the dialogue with the right expressions.

42
 Customer: What do you have gap ?

Waiter: Today for a starter, gap

jacket potato with cheese, tomato soup
and ham with melon.

Customer: gap the main course?

Waiter: We have roast chicken with vegetables,

fish and chips and vegetarian lasagne.

Customer: gap the jacket potato and

the roast chicken with vegetables,
please?

Waiter: gap one jacket potato as a

starter and roast chicken with
vegetables as a main course. Can I
bring you gap ?

Customer: Yes, please. Can I gap

lemonade?

anything else, as a starter What about

Sir

have a glass of Can I have

we have That's

3. Complete the dialogue with the right expressions.

43
Waiter: gap , Sir ?

Customer: Yes, thank you. gap !

Waiter: gap ? We have cream

caramel, strawberry ice-cream and fruit
salad.

Customer: No, thank you. gap ?

Waiter: gap .

Do you want some Here you are

desert
Is everything alright

Can I have the bill,

please

It was delicious

44
 Grammar

How much / How many

Remember:

We use how much? to ask about quantities with uncountable nouns and
how many? with countable nouns.

4. Complete the sentences using how much or how

many.

a. gap apples do you need to make

an apple pie?
b. gap people are coming for lunch?

c. gap did you pay for those

bananas?
d. gap water do we need to boil the
potatoes?

45
 e. gap onions did you buy?

f. gap does it cost to celebrate a

party in this restaurant?

How much How much How much

How many How many How many

How much How much How much

How many How many How many

A menu

5. Choose the right menu options for the people talking.

I love Chinese food and I

like fish as well. I

46
 specially like Chinese
noodles with fish. I don’t
like sweet food very
much so I usually have
fruits for dessert.

Starter:
gap
Main course:
gap
Dessert:
gap

Chinese salad

Seafood salad

Grilled vegetables with tomato and chili sauce

Tomato and basil soup

Gazpacho

Chicken and corn soup

Noodles with fish and prawns

Vegetarian lasagne

Roast chicken with broccoli

Spaghetti carbonara

Rice with duck

Pistachio ice-cream

Chocolate and cream cake

Melon

47
 Cheese

6. Choose the right menu options for the people talking.

I like tomatoes,
carrots, onion,
peppers... but today
I don’t want a salad.
I prefer something
grilled. I don’t eat
meat because I am
a vegetarian. And I
love puddings!

Starter:
gap
Main course:
gap
Dessert:
gap

Chinese salad

Seafood salad

Grilled vegetables with tomato and chili sauce

Tomato and basil soup

Gazpacho

Chicken and corn soup

Noodles with fish and prawns

Vegetarian lasagne

Roast chicken with broccoli

48
 Spaghetti carbonara

Rice with duck

Pistachio ice-cream

Chocolate and cream cake

Melon

Cheese

7. Choose the right menu options for the people talking.

I adore
Mediterranean
food, I mean,
Spanish, Italian or
Greek recipes… I
love cold soups but
not gazpacho. For
the main course, I
usually have pasta,
not the Chinesse
pasta, but the
Italian traditional
pasta. And for
dessert, I always
choose ice cream,
no matter its flavor!

Starter:
gap
Main course:
gap
Dessert:
gap

49
 Chinese salad

Seafood salad

Grilled vegetables with tomato and chili sauce

Tomato and basil soup

Gazpacho

Chicken and corn soup

Noodles with fish and prawns

Vegetarian lasagne

Roast chicken with broccoli

Spaghetti carbonara

Rice with duck

Pistachio ice-cream

Chocolate and cream cake

Melon

Cheese

8. Choose the right menu options for the people talking.

I don’t really like

vegetables, fruit or meat
very much. What I really
love is fish, anything with
fish and seafood is good
for me. The only dessert
I like is Christmas
pudding but
unfortunately you can
50
 only have it at Christmas,
so cheese as a dessert is
fantastic for me.

Starter:
gap
Main course:
gap
Dessert:
gap

Chinese salad

Seafood salad

Grilled vegetables with tomato and chili sauce

Tomato and basil soup

Gazpacho

Chicken and corn soup

Noodles with fish and prawns

Vegetarian lasagne

Roast chicken with broccoli

Spaghetti carbonara

Rice with duck

Pistachio ice-cream

Chocolate and cream cake

Melon

Cheese

51
9. How much did the people in the previous exercises
spend?

1 a
£16.00

Mary

2 b
£19.00

Thomas

3 c
£16.50

Denzell

4 d
£16.75

Elizabeth

10. Ask your classmate what he/she likes to eat from the
52
 same menu and why. Write his/her choice.

Example:

Laura likes the seafood salad for the starter because

she loves seafood, the noodles with fish and seafood
for the main course and the chocolate cake for
dessert. She adores chocolate.

11. Design the perfect menu for you and your classmates.
Working in groups of four, design a menu with the type of
food you like. Remember to think about starters, main
courses and desserts.

12. Act it out. Imagine you are in a restaurant that has the
53
menu you created in exercise 11. Three of you are the
costumers and one is the waiter. Create a dialogue and act
it out.

54
Yummy!

Yummy!

In this lesson, you will read about the history of food

in Great Britain and compare it to Spanish food.

1. Read the following text.

Food from Great Britain

There are three countries in Great Britain: England, Scotland
and Wales, each with a rich and varied history and culture.
Besides, throughout history, imported foods and spices from
abroad have greatly influenced the British diet. This all
explains the diversity of its culinary traditions.

The weather is not very warm in Great Britain and this also
influences the variety of food. We can’t cultivate as many
crops as they do in Southern Europe. For example, we can
easily grow cabbage, but it is very difficult to grow olives.

The Romans took cherries, cabbage and peas to the British

Isles. They also taught British people to cultivate crops such
as wheat. The Romans were very good at building roads.
These roads allowed easy transportation of products
throughout the country.

The Vikings and Danes taught the techniques for smoking

and drying fish and meat. York Ham is a great example of
smoked meat and, even today, people love it.

55
 In the 15th Century, new kinds of food started to arrive:
spices from the Far East, sugar from the Caribbean, coffee
and cocoa from South America and tea from India. Potatoes
from America also began to be popular.

Nowadays, you can try food from all around the world:
Chinese, Indian, Italian, American, Spanish, Thai, etc.,
reflecting the ethnic diversity of Britain. But we still have
different varieties of traditional foods across the land such as
haggis in Scotland, scones in Devon, pease pudding in
Northumberland, plum bread and sausages in Lincolnshire
or Cornish pasties in Cornwall.

2. Which is the origin of these products?

gap gap gap

South America

The Far East

The Romans

The Vikings and Danes

South America

The Far East

The Romans

The Vikings and Danes

56
 South America

The Far East

The Romans

The Vikings and Danes

3. Which is the origin of these products?

gap gap gap

South America

The Far East

The Romans

The Vikings and Danes

South America

The Far East

The Romans

The Vikings and Danes

South America

The Far East

The Romans

57
 The Vikings and Danes

4. Match the dishes with the places in the UK.

Authorship: image 1 -
https://www.flickr.com/photos/zoonabar/135899211
(https://www.flickr.com/photos/zoonabar/135899211) / image 3 -
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thamarakt,_pur%C3%A9e_de_p
ois_cass%C3%A9s_%C3%A0_servir_avec_un_bon_filet_d%27huile_d%27ol
ive..jpg?uselang=es
(https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thamarakt,_pur%C3%A9e_de_
pois_cass%C3%A9s_%C3%A0_servir_avec_un_bon_filet_d%27huile_d%27
olive..jpg?uselang=es) https://... (https://...)

gap gap gap

Lincolnshire

Cornwall

Scotland

Northumberland

Devon

Lincolnshire

Cornwall

Scotland

58
 Northumberland

Devon

Lincolnshire

Cornwall

Scotland

Northumberland

Devon

5. Match the dishes with the places in the UK.

Authorship: image 1 - https://flic.kr/p/8DUVHY

(https://flic.kr/p/8DUVHY) / image 2 -
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cornish_pasty.jpeg
(https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cornish_pasty.jpeg) https:/
/... (https://...)

gap gap

Lincolnshire

Cornwall

Scotland

59
 Northumberland

Devon

Lincolnshire

Cornwall

Scotland

Northumberland

Devon

6. Working in pairs, answer these questions:

a. Who were very good at building roads?

b. What did Roman roads allow?
c. What is York Ham a good example of?
d. When were coffee and cocoa introduced into
Great Britain?
e. What food can you eat in Great Britain
nowadays?

Grammar
60
Linking words

Linking words are words we use:

To add information: and, also, too.

I was hungry and I ate. I ate an apple and also a sandwich.

Mary came home yesterday and Martin came too.

To contrast something: but, while, although.

It is very warm at home but it’s cold outside.

He likes green apples while she likes red.
Although it’s cold outside, it is warm inside.

To compare something: compare(d) to, similarly

Spain is very hot compared to Britain.

There was a group of kids similarly dressed waiting for the bus.

To show the result: so, as a result, as a consequence.

She didn’t study so she failed the subject.

He didn't study much; as a consequence / as a result, he failed the
exam.

To show an example: for example, such as, like.

I like fruit in the morning. I eat apples in my yogurt, for example.

I like eating vegetables such as spinach.
I practise team sports like football and basketball.

61
7. Look for the linking words in this text comparing
Italian to French cooking. Write them down.

Italian and French cooking

Italian cooking is very simple compared to

French cooking. Italian food is more focused
on the ingredients, while French cuisine is
more worried about the technique. French
food uses a lot of butter, but Italian cooking
uses olive oil.

Both Italian and French food similarly have a

lot of regional varieties that are influenced by
towns and even bordering countries. For
example, food from the south of France is
cooked in olive oil like Italian food, although in
most parts of France they usually use butter.

France and Italy are countries of enormous

diversity and, as a result, this shows in their
food.

62
8. Write about Spanish food and British food.

a. What do they have in common?

b. What is different?

Sounds
/ɔɪ/, /aʊ/, /əʊ/ and
/ɪə/)

9. Listen and repeat the sounds.

63
10. Now, listen and order the sounds:

64
 [ɔɪ] [aʊ] [əʊ] [ɪə]

Coin

Coal

Tear

Flour

Goal

Toy

Fear

Mouth

Royal

Clown

Engineer

Bowl

11. Listen to these idioms and complete them with words

from the previous exercise.

65
 a. Tom is all gap and trousers. He
always says he’s going to help, but he
never does.
b. Like a canary in the gap mine,
panda bears face the possibility of
extinction.
c. We had a right gap day yesterday
at the fun fair.
d. Our house is the product of blood, sweat
and gap .

Do you understand the idioms? Read

and check your answers:
All mouth and trousers
Someone who's all mouth and trousers talks or boasts a lot but
doesn't deliver.

Canary in a coal mine

A canary in a coal mine is an early warning of danger.

A right royal day

A right royal day is an extremely exciting, memorable and fun
one.

Blood, sweat and tears

This idiom is used when something was very difficult to
accomplish.

66
67
Sweet or salt

Sweet or salt

Become a "MasterChef" judge.

Cooking tv

1. Look at this TV guide for the day and answer the

questions.

a. What do you think the hours when most people

68
 watch TV are called in English: prime time hours,
important time hours or popular hours?
b. How many programmes do you think are about
cooking?
c. How many do you think are about gardening?

2. In the UK, the most popular cooking programme is

MasterChef. It is a TV show where non professional cooks go
and prepare their meals. There are professional chefs to
judge them. The winner gets a lot of money and the
opportunity to publish their own recipe book.

a. Are there any TV programmes about food in your

country?
b. What do they do in these programmes?
c. Is there a version of MasterChef?
d. Do you watch it?
e. Do you like it?

3. Read this short text about Carol Klein:

69
Carol Klein is a woman who has a TV
programme about growing your own
vegetables on the BBC channel. She proves
how easy it is to grow your own food. She
always talks about how healthy it is to grow
your own food.
Do you agree?
How much do you know about the crops and
the final product we have at the table? Match
the crop to the final product:

1 a

2 b

3 c

4 d
70
 5 e

How does it taste?

4. Write the words in the correct description.

Salty Spicy Greasy Musty Crispy

Bitter Tender Sweet Creamy

Smell

gap Smelling or tasting old.

gap Smelling of a lot of spices like

cinnamon or pepper.

Taste

71
 gap With a strong and sometimes
unpleasant and acidic taste.

gap With a flavour similar to sugar.

gap With the flavour of salt.

Texture

gap Soft.

gap With the texture of a thick

sauce or cream.

gap Rigid and dry enough to break

easily.

gap Cooked in a lot of oil.

5. Working as a group, talk about how you can describe

these foods:

72
 a. Lemon

Example: Lemon is a very bitter fruit but it’s also very fresh. It’s
nice to make lemonade with a bit of sugar in summer.

b. Strawberry cheese cake

c. Apple
d. Salmon with seeds and soy sauce
e. Chicken curry with rice and vegetables
f. Spanish omelette

6. In pairs, answer these questions.

a. Do you like cooking?

b. Do you ever cook?
c. What is your favourite meal?
d. What is the strangest food you had?
e. Do you like trying new food?
f. Is there any food you don’t eat?
g. Do you prefer your country's food or other
kinds?
h. Are there many foods from other places in your
country?
i. Who normally cooks in your house?

73
British food

British food

In this lesson, you will listen and learn about typical

British food.

1. Look. When do you think people have these foods? For

breakfast, lunch, supper, as a snack or for dessert?

2. Listen to the text about meal times in the United

Kingdom.

74
3. Makes notes. Try to remember all the information and
write the keywords.

4. Listen again and look at the questions.

a. What is the traditional English breakfast?

b. What do people usually have for lunch during
75
 weekdays?
c. What time do people generally have supper?
d. What’s the name of the meal people have at 12
o’clock on Sunday?

5. What is the traditional English breakfast?

Fried eggs and toast, bacon, tomatoes and

baked beans.

Cereals with milk.

Toast with butter and jam or cheese and some

fruit too.

6. What do people usually have for lunch during

weekdays?

They have a starter, a main meal and pudding.

They have a sandwich, a soup or a salad.

They have Yorkshire pudding and two

vegetables.

7. What time do people generally have supper?

Between 12:00 and 1:30 pm.

Between 6:30 and 8:00 pm.

76
 At twelve o’clock.

8. What’s the name of the meal people have at 12

o’clock on Sunday?

Lunch.

Sunday roast lunch.

Sunday roast dinner.

9. Think about yourself and talk to you classmate.

a. What do you usually have for breakfast?

b. What do you normally have for lunch?
c. What do you usually have for supper?

77
 Project tasks

Project tasks
You are what you eat

Project tasks
We are going to create a recipe book. Let's start!

First task

Now that you now about British meal times, use this form and compare
them to the meal times in your country.

Second task

In groups of four, look for recipes to start preparing your recipe book.

Divide the class into four groups. Each group is going to research
different recipes for:

Group 1: breakfast
Group 2: lunch
Group 3: main courses for supper

78
 Group 4: desserts

You can start researching British recipes on these websites:

http://www.jamieoliver.com/recipes/category/world/british
/#AzkIYpV8lpXrgtyk.97
(http://www.jamieoliver.com/recipes/category/world/britis
h/#AzkIYpV8lpXrgtyk.97)
http://www.cookinglight.com/food/recipe-finder
(http://www.cookinglight.com/food/recipe-finder)
http://www.bbcgoodfood.com/recipes/collection/british
(http://www.bbcgoodfood.com/recipes/collection/british)

Answer these questions:

a. What ingredients do you need? Find pictures, create

drawings or take photographs.
b. How do you cook the food? Remember unit 1: now you
know many things about ways to cook: bake, roast, boil, fry,
barbecue, etc.
c. What utensils and appliances do you need to cook your
meals? pans, pots, spoons, oven, etc.
d. Pay attention to the units of measure used in the UK. Here
is a form that shows the different measures.

Third task

Use this example to help you prepare the recipes. Before completing
the form, think about how you want your book to look.

You can have a section for each one of your groups:

breakfast, lunch, supper and desserts.
Remember you need to create a book cover.

79
Fourth task

Now you can present the recipe to the rest of the class by showing
your picture and explaining it to them.

80
Revision unit

Revision unit
Speaking time

1. Answer these questions

a. Which are the driest places on our planet?

b. Is the rainforest a cold place?
c. What kind of animal is an eagle?
d. Do fish breathe with lungs?
e. What do you do when you are hungry?
f. What do you do when you are thirsty?
g. What were you doing yesterday at 7 p.m?
h. Did you go to school yesterday?
i. What do you say to order food in a restaurant?
j. What do you ask for when you want to pay in a
restaurant?
k. What do you say when you are going to pay in a
shop?
l. What does a lemon taste like?

81
 Test

How well do you remember the important points from this unit?
Take the test to find out! Good luck!

2. Match the descriptions to the environment.

1 a
There is not enough rainfall in Decidious
this place to become a forest and forest
not as little as to form a desert.

2 b
There are lots of trees. It is warm Rainforest
but humid every day.

3 c
There are not many trees and it Desert
is cold most of the time. The air
is very clean and you can see
many wildflowers in spring.

4 d
There is a lot of sand. It’s not Tundra
easy to find water and the
temperatures are extreme.

5 e
It is quite dark here because Grassland
there are trees everywhere. It’s
beautiful in autumn when all the
82
 leaves are on the floor.

3. Complete with the correct form of the verbs.

be (x3) · live (x3) · have (x3) · eat (x2) · breathe

a. Parrots gap birds. They

gap in the rainforest. They
gap colourful feathers and a
curved beak.
b. Lions gap felines. They
gap in the savannah. They
gap a mane. They gap
meat.
c. A shark gap a fish. It gap
in the ocean. It gap a dorsal fin. It
gap through its gills.

4. Complete with much, many, some or any.

a. gap animals live in the forest.

b. Cows don’t have gap claws.

c. We paid gap money to go on

safari.

83
 d. gap types of birds have beautiful
long feathers in their tails.
e. There aren’t gap fish that don’t
swim.

5. Complete the descriptions using the correct features.

a. Horses have a gap . They have

four legs and their gap can be
brown, white, black or with spots.
b. Cows have gap to give milk to
their babies. They also have two
gap and their gap is
black and white or brown.
c. Fish have gap to breathe. They
also have a gap and gap
to help them to swim.
d. Parakeets have two gap . They
have a curved gap and nice,
colourful gap .

fur hair fur

feathers feathers feathers

mane mane mane

udders udders udders

gills gills gills

84
wings wings wings

fins fins fins

beak beak beak

horns horns horns

tail tail tail

fur hair fur

feathers feathers feathers

mane mane mane

udders udders udders

gills gills gills

wings wings wings

fins fins fins

beak beak beak

horns horns horns

tail tail tail

fur fur fur

feathers feathers feathers

mane mane mane

udders udders udders

gills gills gills

wings wings wings

fins fins fins

beak beak beak

85
 horns horns horns

tail tail tail

fur fur

feathers feathers

mane mane

udders udders

gills gills

wings wings

fins fins

beak beak

horns horns

tail tail

6. Complete with the past simple of the verbs in

brackets.

Example:
The Romans made (make) wine.

a. The Romans gap (teach) British

people to grow vegetables.
b. The Greek gap (bring) olive trees
to Spain.
c. The Danes gap (smoke) fish and
meat.

86
 d. The Arabs gap (introduce)
almonds into Spain.
e. The Romans gap (build) roads in
England.

7. Change the verb into the negative past form.

Example:
The Romans didn’t make beer. They made wine.

a. The British gap (learn) to grow

vegetables until the Romans went to
Britain.
b. There weren’t any olive trees in Britain
because the Greeks gap (take)
them.
c. People in Britain gap (smoke) fish
or meat until the Danes taught them.
d. The Arabs gap (introduce)
almonds in the UK.
e. The Danes gap (teach) Spanish
people to smoke salmon.

8. Write the correct form of the past continuous.

Example:
I was enjoying my book when my brother talked to me.

a. Paul and Sarah gap (cook)

87
 breakfast at seven in the morning.
b. Jean gap (not enjoy) her meal
because her mother was a bit angry.
c. I gap (have) a snack when the bus
came and I dropped it.
d. She gap (read) a book while he
gap (watch) TV.

e. We gap (not listen) to the radio in

the car this morning.

9. Drag the right expression to the correct place.

a. I want to pay. gap ?

b. I want a kilo of red apples. gap is

it?
c. gap oranges are there in a kilo?

d. gap a green salad, please?

e. gap you anything to drink, Sir?

f. gap anything for dessert?

How much Can I bring

Can I have the bill, How many

please?

Do you want

88
 Can I have

10. Choose the right word to describe the flavour.

a. Curry is very gap .

b. Coffee is gap .

c. Pears are gap .

d. Chips can be gap .

e. You get ill when you eat food that smells

gap .

spicy bitter sweet

salty sweet creamy

bitter musty

greasy spicy

11. Listen and then decide if these sentences are true or

false.

a. The salmon always lives in the river.

True False

b. The salmon is always born in the river.

89
 True False

c. The salmon lives between five and nine

years.

True False

d. The salmon has many predators.

True False

e. The salmon dies in the ocean.

True False

Booster
activities

12. Write the appropriate word (many, much, some or

any).

There are gap animals in the World.

90
 gap live in the water while others live on
land. There are also many types of environments.
Animals adapt to different environments.
gap animals like camels can live in the

desert because they don’t need gap water.

There isn’t gap rainfall in the desert so it’s

very hard to live there. It’s hard to live in the Antarctic
as well but there aren’t gap camels living
there.

13. Look at the pictures and finish the descriptions.

This is a gold fish. It is a very

popular pet in the UK. It is orange
and white. It has gap to

swim and gap to

breathe. They eat fish food and
they live in a fish tank.

This is a panther. It is black. It has

a long gap , two small

ears and very sharp gap

to catch its pray. Its teeth are also
very sharp.

This is a penguin. It has black and

white gap to be warm.
It has a long and black
gap . It has two

gap but it doesn’t fly.

91
 fins tail wings feathers

claws gills beak

14. Write the correct simple past in these sentences.

Example:
I baked (bake) some biscuits. They were (be) fantastic!

a. I gap (buy) an apple pie. It

gap (be) delicious!

b. She gap (go) to the Chinese

restaurant yesterday with her parents.
c. We gap (catch) a trout yesterday
and we gap (have) it for dinner.

d. I love the picture you gap (draw)

last week.
e. They gap (eat) spaghetti on
Monday.

15. Write the correct form of the past continuous.

Example:
I was baking my biscuits when the phone rang.

a. I gap (cook) an apple pie when

my mother came home.
b. She gap (bake) a cake yesterday

92
 at this time.
c. We gap (eat) lunch while Dan was
at school.
d. You gap (listen) to music while I
gap (do) my homework.

e. They gap (write) on the board

when the teacher came in the classroom.

16. Choose how much or how many.

a. gap did you pay for the coffee?

b. gap horns does a cow have?

c. gap animals are there in the zoo?

d. gap milk does a cow produce

daily?
e. gap dorsal fins does a shark
have?
f. gap air is there in the water?

How much How much How much

How many How many How many

How much How much How much

How many How many How many

93
 One step beyond

17. Write. Think about the strangest animal you know and
write a short description.

Here are some questions to help you:

a. Where does it live?

b. What features does it have?
c. What colour is it?
d. Does it live in a group?
e. How long does it live?

Visual dictionary

94
95
96
97
98
Vocabulary

99
basil

A herb with a sweet smell that is used to add flavour in cooking.

carnivore

Meat eater.

climate

Weather.

culinary

Referring to cooking.

crop

The plant or the fruit and vegetable that grow on it and people
collect to eat and sell.

cuisine

A way of cooking typical from a particular culture or time in

History.

Cornish pasty

A pie made with herbs, meat and onion, typical in Cornwall.

ethnic

Belonging to a distinctive culture.

fur

Animal hair.

100
fin

The thin part of the body of a fish that extends out of and helps
it to swim.

gill

The organ through which fish breathe.

haggis

Typical Scotish dish with meat and vegetables inside a sheep’s

stomach.

herbivore

Plant eater.

isle

Island.

lung

The organ through which mammals and birds breathe.

noodles

Asian long pasta.

pease pudding

A salty pudding made with peas and other vegetables.

rainfall

Amount of rain.

raw 101
raw

Uncooked.

tusk

Big, long teeth that elephants have on their sides.

shellfish

Sea creatures that live in shells.

scone

A not very sweet cake typically served with cream and jam.

sausage

A mixture of meat and herbs inside a long tripe.

shrub

A large plant with a rounded shape formed from many small

branches like trees but smaller.

spice

A substance made from a plant, used to give a special flavour to

food.

udder

The organ of a cow, or other animal, that is full of milk.

wild

Refers to plants or animals that live or grow without the help of

people, in natural conditions.

102
 Links
Animal anatomy
https://animalcorner.co.uk/animal-anatomy/

Animals and their habitats

http://safeshare.tv/w/JRWrtqcUsB

Food. A fact of life

https://www.foodafactoflife.org.uk/

Verbs
Irregular verb list
(resources/ld_0709_irregular_verbs.pdf)

103
 About
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se manteñan, sexan precisos ou axeitados.

Autora dos contidos: Sonia Esturao Bolaño.

Asesora didáctica: Susana Vázquez Martínez.

Terceira edición: setembro de 2020.

104