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    GLOBALIZATION A Very Short Introduction

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    Johnny Yang
    Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries and people around the world through increased trade and cultural exchange. It began accelerating in the late 20th century due to advances in transportation and communication technology that have facilitated the spread of ideas, goods, and services. Globalization involves both opportunities and challenges as it impacts cultures, political systems and local economies around the world in complex and uneven ways. It remains an ongoing process that is reshaping the modern world.

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    GLOBALIZATION A Very Short Introduction

    Uploaded by

    Johnny Yang
    224 views5 pages
    Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries and people around the world through increased trade and cultural exchange. It began accelerating in the late 20th century due to advances in transportation and communication technology that have facilitated the spread of ideas, goods, and services. Globalization involves both opportunities and challenges as it impacts cultures, political systems and local economies around the world in complex and uneven ways. It remains an ongoing process that is reshaping the modern world.

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    The contemporary world

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    GLOBALIZATION; A very short introduction

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    Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries and people around the world through increased trade and cultural exchange. It began accelerating in the late 20th century due to advances in transportation and communication technology that have facilitated the spread of ideas, goods, and services. Globalization involves both opportunities and challenges as it impacts cultures, political systems and local economies around the world in complex and uneven ways. It remains an ongoing process that is reshaping the modern world.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    224 views5 pages

    GLOBALIZATION A Very Short Introduction

    Uploaded by

    Johnny Yang
    Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries and people around the world through increased trade and cultural exchange. It began accelerating in the late 20th century due to advances in transportation and communication technology that have facilitated the spread of ideas, goods, and services. Globalization involves both opportunities and challenges as it impacts cultures, political systems and local economies around the world in complex and uneven ways. It remains an ongoing process that is reshaping the modern world.

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    Some of the key takeaways from the passage are that globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence between countries through trade and technology. It has both economic and cultural dimensions and is an ongoing process that has accelerated over time.

    Some major events and organizations discussed include the Bretton Woods conference in 1944, the establishment of GATT in 1947, the Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), and organizations like the World Trade Organization (WTO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), and World Bank.

    The passage discusses how globalization has led to a mixing of cultural elements and styles through a process called hybridization. It has also spread Western values and capitalism while potentially eroding some local traditions and national cultures.

    GLOBALIZATION: A Very Short Introduction

    Globalization is a term used to describe how trade and technology have made the world into a
    more connected and interdependent place.

    The digital revolution that created new information and communication technologies and the
    emerging global economic system, its history, structure and supposed benefits and failings.

    Globalization contains important cultural and ideological aspects in the form of politically
    charged meanings, stories, and symbols that defines, describes and analyze that every process.

    Greatest challenge facing global studies lies, therefore in connecting and synthesizing the various
    strands of knowledge in a way that does justice to the increasingly fluid and interdependent
    nature of out fast changing post modern world. Global studies require an approach broad enough
    to behold the “big picture”

    Earliest appearance of the term globalization in the English language can be traced back to
    1940s.

    Global should not be rigidly separated from the national.

    Ultimate sports national contest called FIFA world cup was first held in 1930.

    The 19th FIFA world cup for men’s national football was held from June 11 to July 11 in South
    Africa with 32 national teams, 205 original contestants. Six nations from Africa, 3 from Asia, 13
    from Europe, 3 from North America, 6 from South America and from Oceana participated.

    The 19th FIFA world cup garnered hundreds of thousands of football tourists.

    Second globalization started on 1944 to 1971 and started again in 1989 onwards.

    Globalization was an inevitable techno-economic juggernaut spreading the logic of capitalism


    and western values by eradicating local traditions and national cultures.

    A thickening global-local nexus. Glocalization- other term.

    Diego Martin Forlan – former forward and a current manager in Uruguayan Professional
    Football.
    Diego Forlan and Shakira are both products and catalyst of globalization processes that makes
    more sense when considered as a global-nexus.

    We adopt the term globality to signify a social condition characterized by tight global
    economic, political, cultural and environmental interconnections and flows that makes the
    most of currently existing borders and boundaries.

    Globalization applies to a set of social processes.

    In 2002, Diego signed a contract with the famous English Club Manchester United for a transfer
    sum of US $ 10.65 million.

    Hybridization- the mixing of different cultural elements and styles as a result of globalization.

    Conceptualization of Globalization as a dynamic process rather than a static condition force.


    Globalization is an uneven process. A movement towards more intense forms of connectivity and
    integration.

    It involves the intensification and acceleration of social exchanges and activities.

    Globalization refers to the expansion and intensification and consciousness across the world
    time and world-space.

    Ultrathin laptop computer, mobile devices, technologies (stereotype of globalization)

    Globalization is a relatively new phenomenon. The representatives of the third perspective


    rightly point to the significance of the time-space compression that occurred in the 16 th century
    when Eurasia, and the American first became connected by enduring trade routes.

    Population

    300 million- birth of Christ

    760 million in 1750

    3.7 billion in 1970

    Globalization is not a single process but a set of processes that operate simultaneously and
    unevenly on several and in various dimension.
    Bretton Woods conference of 1944- 44 nations to talk about new series of rules on post-WWII
    international monetary system. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) established in
    1947. Early in 1970s, Bretton woods system collapsed.

    Concrete Neoliberal Measures:

    1. Privatization of public enterprises.


    2. Deregulation of economy.
    3. Liberalization of trade and industry.
    4. Massive tax cuts.
    5. ‘Monetarist’ measure to keep inflation in check, even at the risk of increasing
    unemployment.
    6. Strict control on organized labor.
    7. The reduction of public expenditures, particularly social pending.
    8. The down-sizing of government.
    9. The expansion of international markets.
    10. The removal of controls on global financial flows.

    In 2005, internet publishing and broadcasting and marketing films traded approximately US$10
    trillion in US. America Online (AOL) was founded on 1985.

    Nokia- world’s largest NNC- global revenue of over US$50 billion in 2010.

    Structural Adjustment Programs loan offered by WB and IMF to countries who experiences
    economic crisis.

    Origin of modern state-nation system – 17th century.

    Globalization sprouted in Europe because it’s a big continent compare to others and because of
    colonization.

    Abbreviation Meaning
    AOL America Online
    APEC Asian Pacific Economic Corporation
    ASEAN Association of South East Asia Nations
    BCE Before the Common Era
    CE Common Era
    CFCS Chlorofluorocarbons
    CITES Convention on International Trade in
    Endangered Species of Wild and Fauna
    CNBC Cable National Broadcasting Corporation
    CNN Cable News Network
    EU European Union
    FIFA Federatia Internationale de Association
    FTAA Free Trade Area of the Americans
    G8 Group of Eight
    G20 Group of Twenty
    GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
    GCC Global Climate Crisis
    GDP Gross Domestic Product
    GFC Gross Financial Crisis
    GNP Gross National Product
    HIPC Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative
    ICT Information and Communication Technology
    INGO International Non-Governmental
    Organization
    MAI Multilateral Agreement on Investment
    MERCOSUR Mercado Comun del Sur (Southern Common
    Market)
    MTV Music Television
    NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement
    NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
    NGO Non-Governmental Organization
    OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and
    Development
    OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting
    Countries.
    TNCS Transnational Corporations
    UN United Nations
    UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and
    Development
    UNESCO United Nations, Educational, Scientific and
    Cultural Organization
    WEF World Economic Forum
    WSF World Social Forum
    WTO World Trade Organization

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