Basics of Binocular Single Vision and Strabismus: Acta Scientific Ophthalmology (ISSN: 2582-3191)

Acta Scientific Ophthalmology (ISSN: 2582-3191)
Volume 4 Issue 5 May 2021

Short Communication
Basics of Binocular Single Vision and Strabismus
Dr Partha Haradhan Chowdhury1* and Brinda Haren Shah2

Received: March 23, 2021
1
Ph.D. in Optometry (Gujarat State Government University) and Professor and
Published: April 10, 2021
Principal, Shree Satchandi Jankalyan Samiti Eye Institute - Pauri, Uttarakhand,
© All rights are reserved by Dr Partha
India
Haradhan Chowdhury and Brinda Haren
2
M. OPTOM, Practitioner, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
Shah.
*Corresponding Author: Dr Partha Haradhan Chowdhury, Ph.D. in Optometry
(Gujarat State Government University) and Professor and Principal, Shree Satchandi
Jankalyan Samiti Eye Institute - Pauri, Uttarakhand, India.
Abstract
This paper describes about Basic information of Binocular Single Vision and Strabismus.
Keywords: Binocular Single Vision; Strabismus; Retinal point
Introduction
Binocular single vision is a condition where one eye retinal
point is properly coordinated to another eye. Another name of the
retinal point is retinal corresponding point. It indicates that proper
retinal stimulation comes from the brain to the visual cortex. In
case of binocular single vision, fovea of both the eyes are corelated
properly.
Binocular single vision consists of 3 grades:
• Simultaneous macular perception

Figure 1
• Fusion
• Stereopsis.
• Sensory fusion
It should be always remembered that when binocular single vi-
• Motor fusion.
sion is maintained properly, then normal retinal correspondence
is also maintained. It stimulates properly to “cortical process”. It Sensory fusion
mainly occurs due to binocular fusion.
It is a cortical process, it means whatever the stimulation comes
from the retina to the brain, that creates proper image. If any type
Binocular fusion is maintained by:
of anomaly is found in the cortical process, then patient can get
problem in sensory fusion.
Citation: Dr Partha Haradhan Chowdhury and Brinda Haren Shah. “Basics of Binocular Single Vision and Strabismus". Acta Scientific Ophthalmology 4.5
(2021): 35-37.
36
Motor fusion
Motor fusion means, by the ocular movement eye will be fused
properly to an object. If any type of anomalies found in the extra
ocular movement, then motor fusion is hampered.
In case of binocular single vision, two terms are very important

for it.
• Horopter
• Panum’s fusional area.
Horopter
Horopter is a particular area which is away from the observer,
sharpest images are created to the observer.
Panum’s fusional area

It is a particular area, in front and behind the Horopter where
images are seen properly. It is narrow centrally and broader pe- Figure 3
ripherally.
Binocular single vision is hampered during ocular deviation.

When eye is misaligning from its primary position then it is called
squint.
When eye is in latent position means fusion break and eye is

deviated then it is called phoria. When always eye is deviated it is
called tropia.
Figure 2
Always it is remembered that binocular single vision is mea-

sured by synaptophore.
It is acceptable that stereopsis is always associated with 3-di-

mensional object because it can stimulate non-corresponding Figure 4
point. Stereopsis may be associated with two-dimensional object,
if two eyes see same object and if horizontal offset is found.
(2021): 35-37.
37
When eye is deviated then images are fallen from the foveal area
to the parafoveal region which hampers binocular single vision.
In case of exo deviation images fall on the temporal fovea and in

eso deviation images fall on the nasal fovea.
Esodeviation creates more amblyopia as compared to exo devia-

tion due to fusional vergence. In case of eso deviation amplitude of
fusional vergence of treatment is less as compared to exo deviation.
Usually, eso deviation is treated with cycloplegic refraction or

plus lens or with base in prism.
Eso Deviation is treated with Base Out Prism and Exo Deviation
is treated with Base In Prism. [1-4].
Bibliography
1. Kenneth W Wright. “Handbook of Pediatric Strabismus and
Amblyopia”. 2nd (Edition) (2006).
2. William J Benjamin. “Borish’s Clinical Refraction 2nd (Edition)”

(2006).
3. Theodore Grosvenor and Theodore P Grosvenor. “Primary Care

Optometry”. 5th (Edition) (2007).
4. Sir Stewart Duke-Elder and David Abrams. “Duke Elder’s Prac-

tice of refraction” (1978).
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(2021): 35-37.

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Acta Scientific Ophthalmology (ISSN: 2582-3191)

Volume 4 Issue 5 May 2021

Basics of Binocular Single Vision and Strabismus

Dr Partha Haradhan Chowdhury1* and Brinda Haren Shah2

Binocular single vision consists of 3 grades:

• Simultaneous macular perception

In case of binocular single vision, two terms are very important

• Panum’s fusional area.

Panum’s fusional area

Binocular single vision is hampered during ocular deviation.

When eye is in latent position means fusion break and eye is

Always it is remembered that binocular single vision is mea-

It is acceptable that stereopsis is always associated with 3-di-

In case of exo deviation images fall on the temporal fovea and in

Esodeviation creates more amblyopia as compared to exo devia-

Usually, eso deviation is treated with cycloplegic refraction or

2. William J Benjamin. “Borish’s Clinical Refraction 2nd (Edition)”

3. Theodore Grosvenor and Theodore P Grosvenor. “Primary Care

4. Sir Stewart Duke-Elder and David Abrams. “Duke Elder’s Prac-

Assets from publication with us

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