General Studies: B. Singh - A.P. Singh
General Studies: B. Singh - A.P. Singh
General Studies: B. Singh - A.P. Singh
General
Studies
2023
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General Studies
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Preface
This comprehensive text book on General Studies explains the subject
matter in a brief and simple style. The authors are very well aware of the
requirements of examinations conducted by UPSC, SSC, State Public Service
Examinations, Railways Examinations and Public Sector Examinations. This
book has been very well targeted covering all the aspects of subject matter
required for various examinations.
Since last one decade, authors have closely studied the marks of various
candidates appeared & selected in government sectors and other
examinations and found that those who have scored below average or poor
marks in General Studies section, are either not able to get selection or get
poor ranks, hence it has been realized that general studies section should be
given significant importance.
The authors feel that this book will be sufficient and highly useful for all the
competitive examinations conducted for graduates from every discipline.
Any suggestions from the readers for the improvement of the book are most
welcome.
B. Singh
A.P. Singh
General
Studies
CONTENTS
1. General Knowledge....................................01 ~ 62
2. Geography................................................63 ~ 168
8. Environment..........................................501 ~ 560
(iv)
GENERAL
1
CHAPTER
KNOWLEDGE
Basic General Knowledge of
India & World
National Emblem
NATIONAL SYMBOLS • The National Emblem of India is an adaptation
from the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka. It was
adopted by the Government of India on January
National Flag 26, 1950.
• The National Flag of India is a horizontal tricolour • In this emblem, only three lions are visible, the
of deep saffron (Kesaria) at the top, white in the fourth lion being hidden from view. The wheel
middle and dark green at the bottom in equal appears in relief in the centre of the abacus
proportion. The ratio of width of the flag to its with a bull on right and a horse on left. The
length is 2:3. In the centre of the white band a bell shaped lotus (as in the original) has been
navy-blue wheel is located which represents the omitted. The other animals present in the emblem
Chakra.
are an Elephant and a Lion.
• It was adopted by Constituent Assembly of India
• The words Satyameva Jayate are inscribed below
on July 22, 1947.
the abacus in Devanagri script. These words are
• A tricolour flag was first accepted by the Indian
taken from Mundaka Upanishad.
National Congress in 1931, having Charkha in
place of today’s Chakra.
• The horizontal colour strip of deep Saffron at top
National Anthem
represents courage, sacrifice and renunciation, • The song Jana gana mana is the National Anthem
White at middle shows truth and purity in thoughts of India which was composed by Rabindra Nath
and dark Green at the bottom is the symbol of life Tagore, originally in Bengali.
abundance and prosperity. • It was adopted by Constituent Assembly on
• A wheel (Chakra) in centre of the white strip is the January 24, 1950 in its Hindi version.
symbol of progress and movement. It has 24 spokes. • The song Jana gana mana was first published in
• Supreme Court declared the right to hoist flag as January, 1912 under the title ‘Bharat Vidhata’ in
a Fundamental Right under Article 19 (i) (a) of
Tattva Bodhini Patrika.
the Constitution in 2002. Flag hoisting in India is
• The song was translated in English in 1919 with
regulated by Flag Code of India, 2002.
the title “Morning Song of India’’.
• The Flag was designed by Pingali Venkayya and
first time, the flag was hoisted by Sacchindra • It was first sung at the Calcutta Session of
Prasad Bose in 1906 in Calcutta and later on in the Congress on December 27, 1911.
year 1907 an another tricolour flag was unfurled by • Playing time of full version of National Anthem is
Madam Bhikaji Cama in Stuttgart, Germany. 52 seconds while it is 20 seconds for first and
• The first flag committee was headed by Dr. last lines of the stanza.
Rajendra Prasad.
2 General Studies
Norway Lion
National Animal
• The Tiger (Panthera Tigris) is the National Animal United Kingdom Rose
of India. It has a thick yellow coat of fur with dark USA Golden Rod
stripes.
• Lion was the National Animal of India till 1972. Significance of Signs and Symbols
Later on, it was replaced by Tiger.
Symbol Meaning
Other Indian National Symbols Red triangle Family planning
National Bird Peacock Red cross Hospital/Ambulance
(Pavo Cristatus)
Red light Danger/Emergency
National Flower Lotus
Green light Line clear signal
(Nelumbo Nucipera
Gaertn) Olive branch Peace
National River Ganga Black arm-band Sign of mourning/protest
National Tree Banyan Dove Peace
(Ficus Benghalensis)
Black flag Demonstration of protest
National Fruit Mango
(Mangifera Indica) Red flag Sign of danger, revolution
National Aquatic Animal Ganges River Dolphin Yellow Flag Displayed by ship with
infectious disease on board
National Heritage Elephant
or ship in quarantine.
Animal
White Flag Truce
National Game Hockey
(De-facto) Tricolour National Flag of India
General Knowledge 3
Publication Issued/Released by
82 Prime Minister to head a minority government........... Ch. Charan Singh (July 28, 1979 – Jan.14, 1980)
84 Prime Minister who did not face Parliament.................. Ch. Charan Singh (July 28, 1979-Jan 14, 1980)
93 Woman Chief Justice (of High Court)......................................... Leila Seth (Himachal Pradesh, 1991)
Union Territories
Jammu and Kashmir Ghulam Muhammad Sadiq 30 March 1965-12 Dec. 1971
8 General Studies
ASIA
India New Delhi 3,287,782 Rupee Lok Sabha & Rajya Hinduism, Islam,
Sabha Jainism, Buddhism,
Christainity etc
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
Q.1 ‘World Development Report’ is an annual Q.2 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is
publication of made up of
(a) United Nations Development Programme (a) 10 Members (b) 15 Members
(UNDP) (c) 11 Members (d) 8 Members
(b) International Bank for Reconstruction and
Q.3 Maastricht Treaty is related to
Development (IBRD)
(a) Global warming
(c) World Trade Organization (WTO)
(b) Bio-diversity
(d) International Monetary Fund (IMF)
(c) Biological weapons
(d) European Community
General Knowledge 59
Q.4 Which of the following is not a member of Q.13 START (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) is a
SAARC? treaty between/among
(a) Bhutan (b) Bangladesh (a) China and Japan
(c) Myanmar (d) Maldives (b) USA and Russia
Q.5 The first regular session of the General Assembly (c) USA and European Union
of the UN was held at (d) China, India, USA and Russia
(a) New York (b) Paris Q.14 Pinaka is a
(c) London (d) Moscow (a) Multi barrel Rocket Launcher System
Q.6 The first month of Indian National Calendar is (b) Unmanned Aerial Vechicle
(a) Phalguna (b) Magha (c) Anti Tank Missile System
(c) Jaishtha (d) Chaitra (d) Nuclear Submarine
Q.7 The National Anthem of India (Jana gana Q.15 India’s first indigenously built sub-marine is
mana) was first sung in (a) INS Shahkul
(a) 1912 (b) 1919 (b) INS Savitri
(c) 1929 (d) 1911 (c) INS Vibhuti
(d) INS Shalki
Q.8 Which of the following is correctly matched
with regard to thermal power projects? Q.16 With which one of the following games is the
(a) Korba........................................UP Hopman Cup associated?
(b) Ramagundam.......................... MP (a) Badminton
(c) Talcher...................................... AP (b) Lawn Tennis
(d) Kawas................................Gujarat (c) Hockey
(d) Football
Q.9 Which of the following types is used by computed
tomography employed for visualisation of the Q.17 Who of the following is not associated with Sitar?
internal structure of human body? (a) Amir Khusrau
(a) X-rays (b) Ravi Shankar
(b) Sound waves (c) Vilayat Hussain Khan
(c) Magnetic resonance (d) Amjad Ali Khan
(d) Radio isotopes Q.18 Which of the following Indian States has the
Q.10 The nearest planet to the sun is largest number of Scheduled Tribe population?
(a) Venus (b) Mars (a) Bihar (b) Odisha
(c) Mercury (d) Jupiter (c) MP (d) Assam
Q.11 Which one of the following is not correctly Q.19 Who of the following was not the acting President
matched? of India?
(a) Indian Rare Earths Ltd. – Mumbai (a) V. V. Giri
(b) Uranium Corporation of India – Jaduguda (b) B. D. Jatti
(c) Radio Astronomy Centre – Mysuru (c) Muhammad Hidayatullah
(d) Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics – Kolkata (d) Zakir Hussain
Q.12 Nomadic elephant is the exercise between? Q.20 The first Chief Justice of India was
(a) India-Mangolia (a) M. Patanjali Sastri
(b) India-US (b) Mehar Chand Mahajan
(c) India-Japan (c) Hiralal J. Kania
(d) India-China (d) B. K. Mukherjee
62 General Studies
Q.48 Match List-I (Countries) with List-II Q.50 The Pulitzer Prize is associated with which
(Currencies) and select the correct answer one of the following?
using the codes given below the lists: (a) Environmental protection
List-I List-II (b) Olympic Games
A. China 1. Pound (c) Journalism
B. Egypt 2. Yuan (d) Civil Aviation
C. Germany 3. Rial Q.51 Instrument used for measuring humidity is
D. Iran 4. Dinar (a) barometer
5. Deutsche Mark (b) thermometer
Codes : (c) hygrometer
A B C D (d) hydrometer
(a) 2 1 5 3
Q.52 Who is the author of the book New Dimension
(b) 3 4 5 2
of India’s Foreign Policy?
(c) 3 2 4 1
(a) A. B. Vajpayee
(d) 2 5 3 4
(b) Jaswant Singh
Q.49 The Dronacharya Award for sports coaches (c) P. C. Alexander
was instituted in the year (d) Yashwant Sinha
(a) 1984
Q.53 The famous Rajarani Temple is located at
(b) 1985
(a) Bhopal
(c) 1987
(b) Bhubaneshwar
(d) 1988
(c) Jaipur
(d) Udaipur
10. (c) 11. (c) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (a) 15. (d) 16. (b) 17. (d) 18. (c)
19. (d) 20. (c) 21. (d) 22. (d) 23. (c) 24. (d) 25. (b) 26. (a) 27. (c)
28. (d) 29. (c) 30. (b) 31. (c) 32. (c) 33. (b) 34. (c) 35. (d) 36. (b)
37. (d) 38. (c) 39. (b) 40. (d) 41. (d) 42. (b) 43. (a) 44. (b) 45. (b)
46. (a) 47. (d) 48. (a) 49. (b) 50. (c) 51. (c) 52. (a) 53. (b)