Subject: FLUID MECHANICS – ELEMENTS

SET 1

1. Which statement is true for a fluid ?

a. It cannot sustain a shear force c. It is a liquid only
b. It cannot sustain a shear force at rest d. it has a very regular molecular structure Ans. b

2. Which of the following is not a basic component of motion of a fluid element?

a. translation b. rotation c. angular distortion d. twist Ans. d

3. Which of the following must be satisfied by the flow of any fluid, real or ideal ?
I – Newton’s second law of motion IV – Newton’s law of viscosity
II – The continuity equation V – The principle of conservation of energy
III – The requirement of a uniform velocity distribution
a. I, II and III b. I, II and IV c. I, II and V d. I, II, III and IV Ans. c

4. What is the definition of pressure ?

a. area / force b. lim force c. lim force d. lim area Ans. c
force →0 area area0 area force0 force

5. For a fluid, viscosity is defined as the constant of proportionality between shear stress and what other
variable?
a. the time derivative of pressure c. the spatial derivative of velocity
b. the time derivative of density d. the spatial derivative of density Ans. c

6. Surface tension has which of the following properties ?

I – It has units of force per unit length III – It is strongly affected by pressure
II – It exists whenever there is a density discontinuity
a. I only b. II only c. III only d. I and II Ans. d

7. A leak from a faucet comes out in separate drops. Which of the following is the main cause of this
phenomenon?
a. gravity b. air resistance c. shape of the faucet d. surface tension Ans. d

8. Which of the following describes shear stress in a moving fluid ?

a. It is proportional to the absolute viscosity
b. It is proportional to the velocity gradient at the point of interest
c. It is non-existent
d. Both A and B Ans. d

9. If the shear stress in a fluid varies linearly with the velocity gradient, which of the following describes the
fluid?
a. It is at a constant temperature c. It is a perfect gas
b. It is a Newtonian gas d. It is inviscid Ans. b

10. How are lines of constant pressure in a fluid related to the force field?
a. They are parallel to the force field
b. They are perpendicular only to the force of gravity
c. They are at a 45  angle to the force field
d. They are perpendicular to the force field Ans. d

11. Which of the following is most accurate about a streamline?

a. It is path of a fluid particle c. It is fixed in space in steady flow
b. It is a line normal to the velocity vector everywhere d. It is defined for non-uniform flow only. Ans. c

“In everything you do, put God first and He will direct you and crown your efforts with success.” –
Living Proverbs
Subject: FLUID MECHANICS – ELEMENTS
Reviewer: Engr. Hernani G. Samson SET 2

1. Which f the following describes a streamline ?

I – It is a mathematical concept III – It is a line of constant entropy
 II – It cannot be crossed by the flow
a. I only b. I and II c. II only d. I and III Ans. b

2. Under what conditions is mass conserved in fluid flow ?

a. The fluid is barotropic c. The flow is isentropic
b. The flow is adiabatic d. It is always conserved Ans. d

3. What is the absolute velocity of a real fluid at a surface?

a. the same as the bulk fluid velocity c. the velocity of the surface
b. proportional to the smoothness of the surface d. zero Ans. c

4. Which of the statements is true concerning the following continuity equation ?

(p/t) + [ (u)/ ] + [ (v)/ y] + [ (w)/ z] = 0 where  = density
u = velocity in the  direction; v = velocity in the y direction; w = velocity in the z direction
a. It is valid only for incompressible flow.
b. It is valid only for steady flow
c. It is derived from the principle of conservation of mass
d. It is derived from the principle of conservation of energy. Ans. c

5. Which of the following satisfies the continuity equation? (u, v and w are the components of velocity in the ,
y and z directions, respectively).
I. u =  + 2y – t II. u = y 2 -  2 III. u =  2 – y 2
v = t – 2y + z v = 2y v = 2xy + ty
w = t - 2 + z w = 2tz w = – tz
a. I and II b. II and III c. I and III d. I, II and III Ans. c

6. What is the origin of the energy conservation equation used in flow systems?
a. Newton’s first law of motion c. the first law of thermodynamics
b. Newton’s second law of motion d. the second law of thermodynamics Ans. c

7. Which of the following is the basis for Bernoulli’s law for fluid flow?
a. the principle of conservation of mass c. the continuity equation
b. the principle of conservation of energy d. Fourier’s law Ans. b

8. Under which of the following conditions is Bernoulli’s equation valid ?

a. all points evaluated must be on the same streamline
b. the fluid must be incompressible
c. the fluid must be inviscid
d. all of the above Ans. d

9. Under certain flow conditions, the expression for the first law of thermodynamics for a control volume
2 2

reduces to Bernoulli’s equation: gz 1 + (v1 / 2) + (p1/ ) = gz 2 + (v2/ 2) + (p 2/ ). Which combination of the
following conditions is necessary and sufficient to reduce the first law for a control volume to Bernoulli’s
equation?
I. steady flow III. no frictional losses of energy
II. incompressible IV. no heat transfer or change in internal energy
a. I only b. I and II c. I and IV d. I, II, III and IV Ans. d

“He who guards his mouth preserves his life, but he who opens wide his lips shall have destruction.”- Proverbs 13:3

Subject: FLUID MECHANICS – ELEMENTS

Reviewer: Engr. Hernani G. Samson SET 3

1. Which of the following ratios is correct in providing a physical meaning for the Reynold’s number, Re?
a. Re = buoyant forces/ inertial forces c. Re = drag forces/ viscous forces
b. Re = viscous forces/ inertial forces d. Re = inertial forces/ viscous forces Ans. d

2. Which of the following statement is incorrect?

a. The Reynolds number is the ratio of the viscous force to the inertial force
b. Steady flows do not change with time at any point
 c. The Navier – Stokes equation is the equation of motion for a viscous Newtonian fluid
d. Bernoulli’s equation only holds on the same streamline. Ans. a

3. Which of the following is not true regarding the Blasius boundary layer solution?
a. It is valid only for potential flow
b. It is valid for laminar flow
c. It permits one to calculate the skin friction on a flat plate
d. It is an approximate solution Ans. a

4. Where does the Moody diagram for friction factors for pipe flow come from?
a. calculations based on potential flow
b. theoretical solutions of the Navier – Stokes equations
c. experimental results for inviscid fluids
d. experimental results for viscous fluids Ans. d

5. For pipe flow in the laminar flow region, how is the friction factor related to the Reynolds number?
a. ƒ  (64/ Re) b. ƒ  (1/ Re) c. ƒ  Re d. ƒ  Re 2 Ans. a

6. Which of the following flow meters measure the average fluid velocity in a pipe rather than point or local
velocity?
I. venturi meter IV. orifice meter
II. pitot tube V. hot wire anemometer
III. impact tube

a. I only b. II only c. I and IV d. II and V Ans. c

7. For fully developed laminar flow of fluids through pipes, the average velocity is what fraction of the
maximum velocity in the pipe ?
a. 1/ 8 b. 1/ 4 c 1/ 2 d. 3/ 4 Ans. c

8. Kinematic viscosity may be expressed in units of

a. m 2/ s b. s 2/ m c. kg –s /m d. kg / s Ans. a

9. The absolute viscosity of a fluid varies with pressure and temperature and is defined as a function of
a. density and angular deformation rate c. density ad shear stress
b. density, shear stress and angular deformation rate d. shear stress and angular deformation rate Ans. d

10. A cylinder of cork is floating upright in a container partially filled with water. A vacuum is applied to the
container that partially removes the air within the vessel. The cork will
a. rise somewhat in the water c. remain stationary
b. sink somewhat in the water d. turn over on its side Ans. b

11. The elevation to which water will rise in a piezometer tube is termed the
a. the energy grade line c. stagnation pressure
b. the hydraulic grade line d. friction head Ans. b

“And whatever you do, whether in word or in deed, do it all in the name of the LORD Jesus, giving thanks to
God the Father through him.” – Colossians 3:17
Subject: FLUID MECHANICS – ELEMENTS
Reviewer: Engr. Hernani G. Samson SET 4

1. Which of the following statements most nearly approximates conditions in turbulent flow ?
a. Fluid particles move along smooth, straight paths
b. Energy loss varies linearly with velocity
c. Energy loss varies as the square of the velocity
d. Newton’s law of viscosity governs flow Ans. c

2. For turbulent flow of a fluid in a pipe, all of the following are true except:
a. The average velocity will be nearly the same as at the pipe center
b. The energy lost to turbulence and friction varies with kinetic energy
c. Pipe roughness affects the friction factor
d. The Reynolds number will be less than 2, 300 Ans. d
3. If the fluid flows in parallel, adjacent layers and the paths of individual particles do not cross, the flow is said
to be
a. laminar b. turbulent c. critical d. dynamic Ans. a

4. Which of the following constitutes a group of parameters with the dimensions of power?
a. aV b. paV c. DV/  d. V 2/ P Ans. b

5. At or below the critical velocity in small pipes or at very low velocities, the loss of head from friction
a. varies linearly with the velocity c. is infinitely large
b. can be ignored d. varies as the velocity squared Ans. a

6. Entrance losses between tank pipe, or losses through elbows, fittings and valves are generally expressed as
functions of
a. kinetic energy b. pipe diameter c. friction factor d. volume flow rate Ans. a

7. The hydraulic formula CA (2gh)1/ 2 is used to find the

a. discharge through an orifice c. length of pipe in a closed network
b. velocity of flow in a closed conduit d. friction factor of pipe Ans. a

8. The hydraulic radius of an open – channel section is defined as

a. the wetted perimeter divided by the cross – sectional area
b. the cross – sectional area divided by the total perimeter
c. the cross – sectional are divided by the wetted perimeter
d. one – fourth the radius of a circle with the same area Ans. c

9. To calculate a Reynolds number for flow in open channels and in cross – sections, one must utilize hydraulic
radius, R, and modify the usual expression for circular cross – sections which is Re = DV/  = VD/ v
where D = diameter, V = velocity,  = density,  = absolute viscosity, and v = kinematic viscosity. Which
of the following modified expressions for Re is applicable to flow in open or non- circular cross – section ?
a. RD/v b. RV/  c. 2RD/ v d. 4 RV/ v Ans. d

10. A fluid is a substance that

a. is essentially incompressible
b. always moves when subjected to a shearing stress
c. has a viscosity that always increases with temperature
d. has a viscosity that always decreases with temperature Ans. b

11. Viscosity has dimensions of

a. FT 2/ L b. F/ TL 2 c. M/ LT 2 d. M/ LT Ans. d

“Whatever are lovely, whatever things are of good report, if there is any of virtue and if there is anything
praiseworthy – meditate on these things.” – Philippians 4:8
Subject: FLUID MECHANICS – ELEMENTS
Reviewer: Engr. Hernani G. Samson SET 5

1. The viscosity of a fluid varies with

a. temperature and pressure c. density
b. pressure d. temperature Ans. d

2. In an isothermal atmosphere the pressure

a. is constant with elevation
b. decreases exponentially with elevation
e. cannot be related to elevation
f. decreases near the surface but approaches a constant value Ans. b

3. If a fluid “fails” in a piping system, the “failure” is related to which of the following properties?
a. surface tension b. bulk modulus c. viscosity d. vapor pressure Ans. d

4. A strong wind blows against a window on a building. The force on the window can be approximated using:
a. Bernoulli’s equation c. the Darcy equation
b. the Moody diagram d. the impulse – momentum principle Ans. a
5. A manometer, utilizing a pitot probe, measures H mm of mercury. If the flow rate is desired in a pipe to
which the manometer is attached, what additional information is needed?
I. The temperature of the water III. The density of the mercury
II. The pressure in the pipe IV. The diameter of the pipe
a. I, II and III b. I, II and IV c. II, III and IV d. I, III and IV Ans. c

6. Arrange pressure p, flow rate Q, diameter D, and density  into dimensionless group.
a. pQ 2 / D 4 b. p / Q 2 D 4 c. pD 4 / Q 2 d. pD 4 /  Q 2 Ans. d

7. Combine surface tension , density , diameter D and velocity V into a dimensionless parameter.
a. / V 2 D b. D/ V c. / VD d. V/ D Ans. a
8. The Reynolds number is a ratio of
a. velocity effects to viscous effects c. mass flux to viscosity
b. inertial forces to viscous forces d. flow rate to kinematic viscosity Ans. b
9. The Froude number is a ratio of
a. inertial forces to viscous forces c. body forces to pressure forces
b. body forces to viscous forces d. inertial forces to body forces Ans. d

10. Select the false statements for the Bernoulli equation.

a. it can be for an unsteady flow. c. it can be in an inertial coordinate system
b. it can be used along a streamline d. it can be used in an inviscid flow Ans. a

11. The locus of elevation that water will rise in a series of pitot tubes is called
a. the hydraulic grade line c. the velocity head
b. the energy grade line d. the pressure head Ans. b

12. The velocity head in a section of a pipe is given by

a. the difference between the EGL and the HGL at the section
b. the elevation of the EGL
c. the elevation of the HGL
d. Bernoulli’s equation applied from the inlet to the section Ans. a

“A wise son loves correction, but the senseless one heeds no rebuke.” Proverbs 13:1

Subject: FLUID MECHANICS – ELEMENTS

Reviewer: Engr. Hernani G. Samson SET 6

1. A liquid flows in a pipe at a Reynolds number of 5,000.

a. The flow is laminar
b. The flow is turbulent
c. The flow is transitory, between laminar and turbulent
d. The flow could be any of the above Ans. d

2. To determine the flow rate using a square – edged orifice, the pressure must be measured upstream of the
orifice and
a. at the orifice
b. just upstream of the orifice
c. just downstream of the orifice at the vena contracta
d. at least 10 diameters downstream of the orifice Ans. c

3. Freon flows through an expansion valve. Select the best statement.

a. The temperature increases c. The pressure remains constant
b. The internal energy remains constant d. The enthalpy remains constant Ans. d

4. A laminar flow exists in a pipe flow. We know that

a. the velocity profile is linear c. the shear stress distribution is linear
b. the Reynolds number is less than 2,000 d. the pipe is smooth Ans. c

5. In a completely turbulent flow the head loss

 a. increases with the velocity c. decreases with wall roughness
b. increases with the velocity squared d. increases with diameter Ans. b

6. The shear stress in a turbulent pipe flow

a. varies parabolically with the radius
b. is zero at the center and increases linearly to the wall
c. varies according to the 1/7th power law
d. is constant over the pipe radius Ans. b

7. The velocity distribution in a turbulent flow in a pipe is often assumed to

a. vary parabolically
b. be zero at the wall and increase linearly to the center
c. vary according to the 1/7 th power law
d. be unpredictable and is thus not used Ans. c

“ The harvest truly is plentiful, but the laborers are few. Therefore pray the LORD of the harvest to send out
laborers into His harvest.” Matthew 9:37 – 38