Cheatsheets / Learn JavaScript
Conditionals
Control Flow
Control flow is the order in which statements are
executed in a program. The default control flow is for
statements to be read and executed in order from left-
to-right, top-to-bottom in a program file.
Control structures such as conditionals ( if
statements and the like) alter control flow by only
executing blocks of code if certain conditions are met.
These structures essentially allow a program to make
decisions about which code is executed as the program
runs.
Logical Operator ||
The logical OR operator || checks two values and
returns a boolean. If one or both values are truthy, it true || false; // true
returns true . If both values are falsy, it returns false . 10 > 5 || 10 > 20; // true
A B A || B false || false; // false
10 > 100 || 10 > 20; // false
false false false
false true true
true false true
true true true
Ternary Operator
The ternary operator allows for a compact syntax in the
case of binary (choosing between two choices) let price = 10.5;
decisions. It accepts a condition followed by a ? let day = "Monday";
operator, and then two expressions separated by a : .
If the condition evaluates to truthy, the first expression
day === "Monday" ? price -= 1.5 : price
is executed, otherwise, the second expression is
+= 1.5;
executed.
else Statement
An else block can be added to an if block or series
of if - else if blocks. The else block will be const isTaskCompleted = false;
executed only if the if condition fails.
if (isTaskCompleted) {
console.log('Task completed');
} else {
console.log('Task incomplete');
Logical Operator &&
The logical AND operator && checks two values and
returns a boolean. If both values are truthy, then it true && true; // true
returns true . If one, or both, of the values is falsy, then 1 > 2 && 2 > 1; // false
it returns false . true && false; // false
4 === 4 && 3 > 1; // true
switch Statement
The switch statements provide a means of checking
an expression against multiple case clauses. If a case const food = 'salad';
matches, the code inside that clause is executed.
The case clause should finish with a break keyword. switch (food) {
If no case matches but a default clause is included, case 'oyster':
the code inside default will be executed.
console.log('The taste of the sea
Note: If break is omitted from the block of a case ,
🦪');
the switch statement will continue to check against
break;
case values until a break is encountered or the flow is
case 'pizza':
broken.
console.log('A delicious pie 🍕');
break;
default:
console.log('Enjoy your meal');
}
// Prints: Enjoy your meal
if Statement
An if statement accepts an expression with a set of
parentheses: const isMailSent = true;
If the expression evaluates to a truthy value, then
if (isMailSent) {
the code within its code body executes.
console.log('Mail sent to recipient');
If the expression evaluates to a falsy value, its }
code body will not execute.
Truthy and Falsy
In JavaScript, values evaluate to true or false when
evaluated as Booleans.
Values that evaluate to true are known as truthy
Values that evaluate to false are known as falsy
Falsy values include false , 0 , empty strings, null
undefined , and NaN . All other values are truthy.
Logical Operator !
The logical NOT operator ! can be used to do one of
the following: let lateToWork = true;
let oppositeValue = !lateToWork;
Invert a Boolean value.
Invert the truthiness of non-Boolean values. console.log(oppositeValue);
// Prints: false
Comparison Operators
Comparison operators are used to comparing two
values and return true or false depending on the 1 > 3 // false
validity of the comparison: 3 > 1 // true
250 >= 250 // true
=== strict equal
1 === 1 // true
!== strict not equal 1 === 2 // false
> greater than 1 === '1' // false
>= greater than or equal
< less than
<= less than or equal
else if Clause
After an initial if block, else if blocks can each
check an additional condition. An optional else block const size = 10;
can be added after the else if block(s) to run by
default if none of the conditionals evaluated to truthy.
if (size > 100) {
console.log('Big');
} else if (size > 20) {
console.log('Medium');
} else if (size > 4) {
console.log('Small');
} else {
console.log('Tiny');
// Print: Small
