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1. Capitalize
Convert only first letter of string in upper case.
Example-1
In [7]:
info = 'my name is vrushali. my age is 28'
info
Out[7]:
'my name is vrushali. my age is 28'
In [8]:
info = info.capitalize() ##
print(info)
My name is vrushali. my age is 28
For number
In [14]:
age = '28 is my age'
age
Out[14]:
'28 is my age'
In [43]:
age = age.capitalize() ## Remains same for the string starting with number.
print(age)
28 is my age
Example-2
In [21]:
institute = 'welcome to the excelr'
institute
Out[21]:
'welcome to the excelr'
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In [44]:
institute = institute.capitalize()
print(institute)
Welcome to the excelr
2. Casefold
Converts whole string into lower case letters
Example -1
In [27]:
AI = 'Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines.'
AI
Out[27]:
'Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines.'
In [45]:
AI = AI.casefold()
print(AI)
artificial intelligence (ai) is intelligence demonstrated by machines.
Example -2
In [32]:
goal = 'mY GoaL IS To beCoME BEst DaTA SCIeNtIst IN 2022'
goal
Out[32]:
'mY GoaL IS To beCoME BEst DaTA SCIeNtIst IN 2022'
In [46]:
goal = goal.casefold()
print(goal)
my goal is to become best data scientist in 2022
3. lower
converts whole string in lower case
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In [79]:
sub = 'MY FAVOURITE SUBJECT IS MATH'
sub
Out[79]:
'MY FAVOURITE SUBJECT IS MATH'
In [80]:
sub = sub.lower()
print(sub)
my favourite subject is math
4. upper
Converts whole string into upper case
In [81]:
weather = "Today's weather is so cloudy"
weather
Out[81]:
"Today's weather is so cloudy"
In [82]:
weather = weather.upper()
print(weather)
TODAY'S WEATHER IS SO CLOUDY
5. title
Converts first letter of each word in upper case of the string.
In [86]:
hobby = 'my hobby is to visit new beautiful locations mostly in winter & rainy season'
hobby
Out[86]:
'my hobby is to visit new beautiful locations mostly in winter & rainy seaso
n'
In [87]:
hobby = hobby.title()
print(hobby)
My Hobby Is To Visit New Beautiful Locations Mostly In Winter & Rainy Season
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6. swapcase
Converts lower case to upper & upper case to lower in the string
In [88]:
websites = 'There are so many websites to learn PYTHON'
websites
Out[88]:
'There are so many websites to learn PYTHON'
In [89]:
websites = websites.swapcase()
print(websites)
tHERE ARE SO MANY WEBSITES TO LEARN python
7. Center
It converts string in centered location.
Example-1
In [61]:
title = 'Chapter_No_1_Python'
title
Out[61]:
'Chapter_No_1_Python'
In [62]:
title_1 = title.center(29)
print(title_1)
Chapter_No_1_Python
In [64]:
title_2 = title.center(33,'*')
print(title_2)
*******Chapter_No_1_Python*******
Example-2
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In [93]:
book = 'Wings_of_fire'
book
Out[93]:
'Wings_of_fire'
In [94]:
book = book.center(30,'-')
print(book)
--------Wings_of_fire---------
8. Count
show the no. of times the value occurs in string
Example-1
In [113]:
news_def='News is information about current events. News is sometimes called "hard news" to
news_def
Out[113]:
'News is information about current events. News is sometimes called "hard ne
ws" to differentiate it from soft media.'
In [114]:
news_def = news_def.count('News')
print(news_def)
Example - 2
In [118]:
num = '1,2,2,3,5,6,2,8,3,6,9,2,8,9'
num
Out[118]:
'1,2,2,3,5,6,2,8,3,6,9,2,8,9'
In [119]:
num = num.count('2')
print(num)
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9. find
Searches the value & returns the position of the value i.e index number
Example - 1
In [31]:
life = 'Life is very Beautiful'
life
Out[31]:
'Life is very Beautiful'
In [32]:
life_1= life.find('very')
print(life_1)
In [33]:
life_2= life.find('q')
print(life_2)
-1
Example-2
In [142]:
plants = 'I love plants & there are so many plants in my home'
plants
Out[142]:
'I love plants & there are so many plants in my home'
In [143]:
plants = plants.find('plants')
print(plants)
10. index
If the value is not found, the find() method returns -1, but the index() method will
raise an exception(error)
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In [34]:
life
Out[34]:
'Life is very Beautiful'
In [36]:
print(life.find('w'))
print(life.index('w'))
-1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError Traceback (most recent call last)
Input In [36], in <cell line: 2>()
1 print(life.find('w'))
----> 2 print(life.index('w'))
ValueError: substring not found
11. format
Example - 1
In [1]:
Emp_data = 'Emp_name is {}, Emp_iD is {}, Salary is {}'.format('Vrushali' ,93,900000)
print(Emp_data)
Emp_name is Vrushali, Emp_iD is 93, Salary is 900000
In [11]:
Emp_data_1 = 'Emp_name is {name}, Emp_iD is {no}, Salary is {pay}'.format(name ='Vrushali'
print(Emp_data_1)
Emp_name is Vrushali, Emp_iD is 93, Salary is 900000
In [6]:
fname = input('Name:')
emp_id = input('ID:')
pay = input('salary:')
print('Emp_name is {}, Emp_Id is {} & salary is {}'.format(fname,emp_id,pay))
Name:Vrushali
ID:15
salary:900000
Emp_name is Vrushali, Emp_Id is 15 & salary is 900000
Example - 2
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In [16]:
ssc_res = 'pass'
hsc_res = 'pass'
ssc_per = input('Percentage_s:')
hsc_per = input('Percentage_h:')
print('My result of 10th is {} & I got {} % also my result of 12th is {} & I got {} %'.form
Percentage_s:93
Percentage_h:85
My result of 10th is pass & I got 93 % also my result of 12th is pass & I go
t 85 %
12. isalpha
Returns True if all characters in the string are in the alphabet
Example - 1
In [37]:
comp = 'Computer@2015'
comp
Out[37]:
'Computer@2015'
In [38]:
print(comp.isalpha())
False
Example - 2
In [43]:
social_media = 'Facebook'
social_media
Out[43]:
'Facebook'
In [44]:
print(social_media.isalpha())
True
13. isalnum
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Returns True if all characters in the string are alphanumeric
Example - 1
In [51]:
season = 'Rainy123'
season
Out[51]:
'Rainy123'
In [52]:
print(season.isalnum())
True
In [54]:
colour = 'pink'
In [56]:
print(colour.isalnum())
True
In [57]:
value = '1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9'
value
Out[57]:
'1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9'
In [58]:
print(value.isalnum())
False
#### Example - 2
In [50]:
comp
Out[50]:
'Computer@2015'
In [53]:
print(comp.isalnum())
False
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14. isascii
In [59]:
value
Out[59]:
'1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9'
In [60]:
print(value.isascii())
True
In [61]:
colour
Out[61]:
'pink'
In [63]:
print(colour.isascii())
True
15. isdecimal
The isdecimal() method returns True if all the characters are decimals (0-9)
In [64]:
x = '15'
y= '12.5'
In [99]:
print(x.isdecimal())
print(y.isdecimal())
True
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError Traceback (most recent call last)
Input In [99], in <cell line: 2>()
1 print(x.isdecimal())
----> 2 print(y.isdecimal())
AttributeError: 'float' object has no attribute 'isdecimal'
16. isdigit
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The isdigit() method returns True if all the characters are digits, otherwise
False
In [73]:
array = '1,2,3'
array_1 = '100'
array_2 = 'Vrushali'
In [74]:
print(array.isdigit())
print(array_1.isdigit())
print(array_2.isdigit())
False
True
False
17. isidentifier
A string is considered a valid identifier if it only contains alphanumeric letters (a-
z) and (0-9), or underscores (_).
In [81]:
game = 'Carrom1_Hocky2_cricket3'
line = 'straight_line'
student = 'Vinit, Kirti, Ramya'
year = '2021' ## identifier never start with number or any space
In [82]:
print(game.isidentifier())
print(line.isidentifier())
print(student.isidentifier())
print(year.isidentifier())
True
True
False
False
18. islower
The islower() method returns True if all the characters are in lower case,
otherwise False
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In [101]:
print(line)
print(game)
print(student)
straight_line
Carrom1_Hocky2_cricket3
Vinit, Kirti, Ramya
In [85]:
print(line.islower())
print(game.islower())
print(student.islower())
True
False
False
19. isnumeric
Returns True if all characters in the string are numeric
In [97]:
number = '123597'
numbers_1 = '1,2,2,3,5,6,98,5'
numbers_2 = ' 2,2.5,-6,9,58,47,95'
animals = 'Cat, Dog, Cow'
In [98]:
print(number.isnumeric())
print(numbers_1.isnumeric())
print(numbers_2.isnumeric())
print(animals.isnumeric())
True
False
False
False
20. isprintable
The isprintable() method returns True if all the characters are printable,
otherwise False.
Example of none printable character can be carriage return(\r) and line
feed(\n).
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In [102]:
my_str = 'I am starting to read a new book'
print(my_str.isprintable())
True
In [103]:
menu_bar = 'start, edit, file, \nview, \rinsert'
print(menu_bar.isprintable())
False
In [104]:
para = '''I am going to talk with John sir
about doubt tommorow
'''
print(para.isprintable())
False
21. isspace
The isspace() method returns True if all the characters in a string are
whitespaces, otherwise False
In [111]:
sub_1 = ' marathi '
sub_2 = 'Data_Science, AI, Python'
sub_3 = ' '
In [112]:
print(sub_1.isspace())
print(sub_2.isspace())
print(sub_3.isspace())
False
False
True
22. istitle
The istitle() method returns True if all words in a text start with a upper case
letter, AND the rest of the word are lower case letters, otherwise False.
In [115]:
Tv = 'I Frequently Watched Tv'
SIRI = 'Get everyday tasks done with just your voice.'
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In [116]:
print(Tv.istitle())
print(SIRI.istitle())
True
False
23. isupper
The isupper() method returns True if all the characters are in upper case,
otherwise False.
In [123]:
movies = 'BLACH, DHOOM_3, RRR, KGF_2'
colab = 'Colab is the commonly used abbreviation of the New York City'
In [124]:
print(movies.isupper())
print(colab.isupper())
True
False
24. join
The join() method takes all items in an iterable and joins them into one
string.
In [127]:
flowers = ('Rose', 'Tulip', "Jasmine", "Hibiscus")
data_types = ('int','float','string')
In [128]:
print('#'.join(flowers))
print('-'.join(data_types))
Rose#Tulip#Jasmine#Hibiscus
int-float-string
25. ljust
The ljust() method will left align the string, using a specified character (space is
default) as the fill character.
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In [130]:
lang = 'python'
watch = 'Rolex'
In [136]:
print(lang.ljust(10), 'is easy to understand ')
print(watch.ljust(10,'-'), 'is my favourite brand')
python is easy to understand
Rolex----- is my favourite brand
26.rjust
Returns a right justified version of the string
In [135]:
print(lang.rjust(10,'*'), 'is easy to understand ')
print(watch.rjust(10), 'is my favourite brand')
****python is easy to understand
Rolex is my favourite brand
27. lstrip
The lstrip() method removes any leading characters (space is the default leading
character to remove)
In [140]:
location = '.....,,,agfsadfu==Andman'
ball = ' Tenis '
In [143]:
print(location.lstrip(".,agfsdu="))
print(ball.lstrip())
Andman
Tenis
28. rstrip
The rstrip() method removes any trailing characters (characters at the end a
string), space is the default trailing character to remove.
In [149]:
game =' Cricket is my favourite game '
trainer = 'John is very good trainer----****#dcegbdfgbd**'
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In [150]:
print(game.rstrip())
print(trainer.rstrip('-*#decgbf'))
Cricket is my favourite game
John is very good trainer
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