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    03 Rapeseed Mustard

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    ashes kumar jena
    The document discusses the taxonomy, economic importance, breeding objectives and breeding methods of mustard and rapeseed. It belongs to the genus Brassica which contains over 3000 species, of which 40 are of economic importance. The key economic species are divided into four diploids and three allopolyploids. Breeding objectives include increased yield, early maturity, biotic and abiotic stress resistance, herbicide resistance, oil content and quality. Breeding methods mentioned are introduction, selection, hybridization, backcrossing, population improvement, heterosis breeding, mutation breeding and tissue culture techniques.

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    03 Rapeseed Mustard

    Uploaded by

    ashes kumar jena
    28 views4 pages
    The document discusses the taxonomy, economic importance, breeding objectives and breeding methods of mustard and rapeseed. It belongs to the genus Brassica which contains over 3000 species, of which 40 are of economic importance. The key economic species are divided into four diploids and three allopolyploids. Breeding objectives include increased yield, early maturity, biotic and abiotic stress resistance, herbicide resistance, oil content and quality. Breeding methods mentioned are introduction, selection, hybridization, backcrossing, population improvement, heterosis breeding, mutation breeding and tissue culture techniques.

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    The document discusses the taxonomy, economic importance, breeding objectives and breeding methods of mustard and rapeseed. It belongs to the genus Brassica which contains over 3000 species, of which 40 are of economic importance. The key economic species are divided into four diploids and three allopolyploids. Breeding objectives include increased yield, early maturity, biotic and abiotic stress resistance, herbicide resistance, oil content and quality. Breeding methods mentioned are introduction, selection, hybridization, backcrossing, population improvement, heterosis breeding, mutation breeding and tissue culture techniques.

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    28 views4 pages

    03 Rapeseed Mustard

    Uploaded by

    ashes kumar jena
    The document discusses the taxonomy, economic importance, breeding objectives and breeding methods of mustard and rapeseed. It belongs to the genus Brassica which contains over 3000 species, of which 40 are of economic importance. The key economic species are divided into four diploids and three allopolyploids. Breeding objectives include increased yield, early maturity, biotic and abiotic stress resistance, herbicide resistance, oil content and quality. Breeding methods mentioned are introduction, selection, hybridization, backcrossing, population improvement, heterosis breeding, mutation breeding and tissue culture techniques.

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    19

    Mustard and Rape Seed


    Brassica sp (2n = 16, 18, 20, 22, 36, 38 and 48)

    Brassicaceae or cruciferae.
    The genus Brassica contains more than 3000 species of which 40 are of economic importance.
    Cultivated brassica can be broadly divided in to two distinct types viz.
    Vegetable type : Cabbage, Cauliflower,
    turnip. Oil seed type: Rape seed and mustard.

    Taxonomy
    Harberd (1972) examined 85 species of Brassica and grouped species of the genus into
    cytodemes. These cytodemes are composed of different species with the same chromosome
    number and which are cross fertile and other having species with different chromosome
    number and cross infertile. According to him most important agricultural species are four
    diploids, three allopolyploids, each belong to a separate cytodeme.

    Four Diploids are


    1. B.nigra - Black mustard; 2. B.oleracea B.campestris - Rape seed; 4. B.tourne
    frotii - Wild turnip.

    Three Allopoly Ploids


    1. B.napus - Rape seed of Europe, 2. B.juncea - Indian mustard, 3. B.carinata - sthipplam
    mustard (veg / oil seed).
    The genetical relationship between the oilseed brassicas are diagramaticaly represented as
    follows.
    132 Principles and Plant Breeding Methods of Field Crops in India

    B.nigra BB
    n= 8
    B.carinata BC B.juncea AB
    n= 17 n = 18

    B.oleracea CC B. napus AC B.campestris AA


    n=9 n = 19 n = 10

    B.napus will cross readily with B.campestris but with extreme difficulty in case of
    B.oleracea.

    Rape Seed
    Botanical name 2n Economic characters

    1.Brassica campestris 20 Indian Rape Seed. Self sterile in nature. Important oil
    seed crop of North India. 3 Cultivated types
    i) B.campestris var. Brown sarson
    ii) B.campestris var. Yellow sarson,iii)B.campestris var.
    toria
    1. B. napus 38 European Rape Seed. Self fertile.
    Mustard
    1. B.nigra 16 Black mustard : Native of Eurasia. 28% fixed oil.
    2. B.alba 24 Used as medicine pungent due to glucoside sinigrin.
    White mustard : Young seedling used as Salad,
    yellowish seed 30 % oil.
    3. B.juncea 36 Indian mustard. RAI 35% oil. Leaves used as herb
    contains sinig rin

    Breeding Objectives
    1. Seed Yield
    Yield is the end product of many biological processes which are under control of complex
    polygenic systems. An ideal plant type is having increased branch number, pods per plant,
    seeds per pod and seed size. Further yield increase could result from increase in biomass and
    harvest index. Increased biomass can result from reduced photo respiration and increased
    light saturated rate of photosynthesis.

    2. Early Maturity
    For use in various multiple cropping sequence.

    3. Resistance to Abiotic Factors


    Frost resistance is needed to prevent yield losses. Winter hardiness is very important.
    Mustard and Rape Seed 133

    4. Resistance to Biotic Stress


    Powdery mildew,Black leg,Sclerotinia rot, alternaria blight,mustard aphid - so far no
    resistance source identified.

    5. Herbicide Resistance: (Atrazine simabine)


    A few sources of resistance is available.

    6. Shattering Resistance
    B.napus - highly shattering, B. juncea - tolerant. Introgressive breeding done.

    7. Increased oil Content and Quality


    High oil content 45% yellow seed varieties > oil. For industrial purpose > Erucic acid.
    Development of low erucic acid cultivars for edible purpose.Reduced linolenic acid content is
    also desirable.

    8. Meal Quality
    Meal having less Glucosinolate content.

    Breeding Methods
    1. Introduction
    Regina from Sweeden.

    2. Simple Selection
    E.G. Seeta, Krishna, Kranti.

    3. Hybridization and
    Selection Intervarietal
    a) Bulk method; b) Pedigree method; c) single seed descent

    Inter Specific
    4. Back Cross Method
    5. Population Improvement
    R S, mass selection.

    6. Heterosis Breeding
    CMS lines.
    134 Principles and Plant Breeding Methods of Field Crops in India

    7. Mutation Breeding
    e.g. Regina, RLM 198.

    8. Tissue Culture Technique for Production of Homozygous Diploids


    Saline resistance screening. Induction of mutation in haploids.

    9. Embryo Rescue Technique for Inter Specific Crosses

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