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    Lecture 4 Pumps

    Uploaded by

    Arvin Bhurtun
    Pumps are devices that move fluids from areas of low pressure to high pressure. There are three main types of pumps: direct lift pumps, displacement pumps, and gravity pumps. Positive displacement pumps trap a fixed volume of fluid and force it into the discharge pipe, while centrifugal pumps use rotating impellers and centrifugal force to speed up and move fluid outwards from the center of the pump. Key components of centrifugal pumps include an impeller, rotating shaft, inlet and outlet pipes, volute casing, and valves. Pumps are characterized by their flow rate, head pressure developed, power used, and efficiency in converting power to fluid pressure.

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    Lecture 4 Pumps

    Uploaded by

    Arvin Bhurtun
    43 views38 pages
    Pumps are devices that move fluids from areas of low pressure to high pressure. There are three main types of pumps: direct lift pumps, displacement pumps, and gravity pumps. Positive displacement pumps trap a fixed volume of fluid and force it into the discharge pipe, while centrifugal pumps use rotating impellers and centrifugal force to speed up and move fluid outwards from the center of the pump. Key components of centrifugal pumps include an impeller, rotating shaft, inlet and outlet pipes, volute casing, and valves. Pumps are characterized by their flow rate, head pressure developed, power used, and efficiency in converting power to fluid pressure.

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    Pumps are devices that move fluids from areas of low pressure to high pressure. There are three main types of pumps: direct lift pumps, displacement pumps, and gravity pumps. Positive displacement pumps trap a fixed volume of fluid and force it into the discharge pipe, while centrifugal pumps use rotating impellers and centrifugal force to speed up and move fluid outwards from the center of the pump. Key components of centrifugal pumps include an impeller, rotating shaft, inlet and outlet pipes, volute casing, and valves. Pumps are characterized by their flow rate, head pressure developed, power used, and efficiency in converting power to fluid pressure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    43 views38 pages

    Lecture 4 Pumps

    Uploaded by

    Arvin Bhurtun
    Pumps are devices that move fluids from areas of low pressure to high pressure. There are three main types of pumps: direct lift pumps, displacement pumps, and gravity pumps. Positive displacement pumps trap a fixed volume of fluid and force it into the discharge pipe, while centrifugal pumps use rotating impellers and centrifugal force to speed up and move fluid outwards from the center of the pump. Key components of centrifugal pumps include an impeller, rotating shaft, inlet and outlet pipes, volute casing, and valves. Pumps are characterized by their flow rate, head pressure developed, power used, and efficiency in converting power to fluid pressure.

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    PUMPS

    Pumps - Definition

    • A pump is a device used to move fluids, such as


    liquids, gases or slurries from a point of low elevation to
    a point of higher elevation.

    • A pump displaces a volume by physical or


    mechanical action.
    Classification of Pumps
    Types of Pumps

    • Pumps fall into three major groups:


    • direct lift,
    • displacement, and
    • gravity pumps.
    TYPES OF PUMPS
    Positive displacement pumps

    • A positive displacement pump causes a fluid to


    move by trapping a fixed amount of it then
    forcing (displacing) that trapped volume into the
    discharge pipe. The volume is constant given
    each cycle of operation.
    Centrifugal pumps

     These pumps convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy


    (pressure energy).

     This conversion from Mechanical Energy to Pressure Energy is


    enabled by a Centrifugal force – Hence Centrifugal Pump.

     The water enters the impeller through the impeller eye and flow
    outs in either of these directions – Radial, Axial or Mixed.
    Basic Difference in Pump Types
    Centrifugal pumps

     The main components of a Centrifugal Pump are:


     1. An Impeller
     2. The Rotating Shaft
     3. A suction pipe and an exit pipe
     4. Volute Casing
     5. Discharge Valve
     6. Inlet Valve.
    Main Components of a Centrifugal Pump
    Mechanism behind a Centrifugal Pump

    • The liquid comes in the centre of the Impeller which is rotating.

    • The liquid then flows outwards, guided by the vanes/blades.

    • The liquid flows radially outside and since the blades are
    rotating, once the liquid reaches the outside, its moves
    tangentially to the blade.

    • The liquid then flows around the volute which has a diameter
    changing from small to larger at the exit, causing the velocity to
    decrease, hence the kinetic energy changing to pressure energy.
    Centrifugal Pumps

    • Note the direction of flow of the liquid


    Centrifugal Pumps
    Conversion of Mechanical Energy to
    Pressure Energy
    Impeller – characteristics and influence on
    pump
    Radial and Axial Flow
    Operating Variables of the Pumps

    • Pump capacity (rate of flow) Q, m3/s,


    • Pumping head, discharge head H, m
    • Power, P, kW
    • Pump efficiency, η
    • Net positive suction head, NPSH, m.
    • rotation speed, n
    Static head
    Total head
    Pump Performance Curve
    H-Q curves for Radial/Forward/Backward BLADES orientation
    System Performance Curve
    Operating Point
    Pump Efficiency
    • Pump efficiency is defined as the ratio of the power imparted on
    the fluid by the pump in relation to the power supplied to drive
    the pump.

    • Its value is not fixed for a given pump, efficiency is a function of


    the discharge and therefore also operating head.

    • For centrifugal pumps, the efficiency tends to increase with flow


    rate up to a point midway through the operating range (peak
    efficiency or Best Efficiency Point (BEP) ) and then declines as flow
    rates rise further.

    • Pump performance data such as this is usually supplied by the


    manufacturer.

    • Pump efficiencies tend to decline over time due to wear (e.g.


    increasing clearances as impellers reduce in size).
    Pump Efficiency curve
    Multiple Speeds – Pump Performance Curve
    Velocity Triangle
    Radial Exit
    A typical Pump Installation
    A typical Pump Installation - Terminology
    PART 2
    Head Developed by a Pump
    Total Head Developed by a Pump
    Worked Example 1
    Worked Example 2
    Worked Example 3
    Worked Example 3
    Worked Example 3

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