Republic of the Philippines

Mindanao State University

MALABANG COMMUNITY HIGH SCHOOL
Malabang, Lanao del Sur

Lesson Quantitative and Qualitative

3 Research
I. INSTRUCTION

Before going through, it is very important to read the lessons carefully to understand the concept. You
may collaborate with other students or consult other references, if it is necessary. There are follow-up activities
that are intended for you to process what have your learned. Lastly, enjoy what you are doing and be inspired
to study well.

II. INTRODUCTION

Research has two broad methodologies; qualitative research and quantitative research. Quantitative and
qualitative researches are complementary methods that you can combine in your research studies to get results
that are both wide-reaching and profound. To get the best results from these methods in your research, it’s
important that you understand the differences between them which you will study in this lesson.

Learning Objectives
After going through this module, you are expected to be able to:
▪ share research experiences and knowledge;
▪ explain the importance of research in daily life;
▪ describe characteristics, processes, and ethics of research;
▪ differentiate quantitative from qualitative research; and
▪ provide examples of research in areas of interest (arts, humanities, sports, science, business,
agriculture and fisheries, information and communication technology, and social inquiry)

III. CONCEPTS

In the previous lessons, you learned that research should be systematic, objective, feasible, empirical
and clear. These characteristics guide you in realizing the real nature of research following the processes as
well as the factors in selecting your general problem or topic. As a researcher you need to consider the ethics
and unethical practices in conducting research.

When to use Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research

Quantitative data can help you see the big picture.

Qualitative data adds the details and can also give a human voice to your survey results.

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 Difference: Qualitative Research versus Quantitative Research
Qualitative Quantitative
It aims to create new theory based on
The purpose is to test a hypothesis or
the gathered data.
theory.
A fact-finding research used to gain
Objective Measures problem using rating scale
understanding of individual
and other research parameters of group
differences in terms of feelings and
similarities.
experiences.
-natural setting -measurement setting
-making stories out of a certain -performs measures out of a certain
phenomenon. phenomenon.
Data Description
-Uses pictures, words, sentences, - Uses numbers, scales, hypotheses,
paragraphs, compositions, narrations calculations, computations and
and short stories statistics tools.

Small judgment (by decision) Large sample representatives of

Sample (size)
sampling population

Unstructured or semi structured Standardized /Structured

(flexible processes)
Uses census, survey questionnaire,
Uses interviews, participant checklist, paper-pencil test and
observation, group discussions. experimentation.

Ex: Case Study, field research Uses closed ended questions.

This questions can only be answered
Uses open ended questions. by selecting from a limited number of
It is a freeform survey questions allow options, usually “multiple-choice”, “yes
a participant to answer in open-text or no”, or a rating scale
format, responses are unlimited to a
set of options. Example:
Strongly agree to strongly disagree
Data Gathering Example: In quantitative research closed ended
Guide questions for the interviews questions are the basis of all statistical
analysis techniques applied on
1. What was your experiences during questionnaires and surveys.
quarantine period on the COVID-19
pandemic? How did you handle the Sample Question:
situation caused by the pandemic? Do you agree on online modality class
in transitioning the new normal of
2. Was the support of the National education?
and Local Government enough for
your basic needs? Did they conduct a. Strongly agree
evaluation for those who were b. Agree
affected? c. Disagree
d. Strongly disagree

Inductive Deductive
The researcher starts with the Starts from a hypothesis or already
observations, an open mind without created theory emphasizing the
Activities biases, gathering all exact details of previously researched phenomenon
the topic and generalization or new from different views (tested against
theory is given towards the end of observations).
the research process.
Uses both inductive and deductive
They are not mutually exclusive with each other in research.

Inductive method or “bottom-up” is used if the researcher starts discussions

Data discussions from the lowest and highest means then explains the overall mean.
and Presentation
Deductive or “top-down “if discussion is from the overall mean going to the
lowest and highest means, deductive.

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 Opinions are based on experience or Opinions are based on laws, rules, or
observation. There are no criteria other recognized principles.
used in data discussions.
Data Analysis Synthesize data, interpret, thematic. Statistical

Subjective Objective

Data analysis is influenced by the The researcher employs standard

personal experiences and views. criteria in analyzing data.
Outcome Cultivates understanding with high Endorse a development.
validity. Has high output replicability.

There are no conclusions formulated. Conclusion is formulated towards the

end of the research process.

IV. GENERALIZATION

Similarities: Qualitative Research and Quantitative Research

1. Both have the process of inquiry and investigation.

2. Both improve life and help us in understanding various issues of life and in giving solutions to our
problems.
3. Both start with a problem and end with a new problem.
4. Both use textual forms in analyzing and interpretation of data.
5. Both use inductive and deductive methods of presenting data.

REFERENCES:

Abdullah, S.N. (2018) .Practical Research 1: Qualitative Research [PowerPoint slides].Retrieved

from http://www.academia.edu./ppt

Baraceros, E.L. (2016).Practical Research 1. Ist ed. Rex Book Store. Manila

Buenseco, D.B, Dacanay, D.E., Manalo, G.A. (2016).Department of Education Practical Research 1
Teachers Guide .Ist ed. Lexicon Press, Inc. Pasig City

Calmorin, L.P. (2016).Research and Thesis Writing with Statistics and Computer Application.
Rev.ed.Rex Book Store. Manila

Cristobal, A.P., Jr, & Cristobal, M.D. (2016). Practical Research 1 for Senior High School. Ist ed.C &
E Publishing Inc.Quezon City

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 Republic of the Philippines
Mindanao State University
MALABANG COMMUNITY HIGH SCHOOL
Malabang, Lanao del Sur
School Year 2021 - 2022

WORKSHEETS
Lesson 3, Week 3, Module 1
Quantitative and Qualitative Research
Name: _______________________________ Grade & Section: ___________________ Score: __________

Assessment 1

Direction: Determine whether each word or group of words indicates Qualitative Research or Quantitative
Research.
___________________1. Naturalistic
___________________2. To validate the already constructed theory
___________________3. Hypothesis
___________________4. Multiple Methods
___________________5. No criteria
___________________6. Pure words, phrases, sentences, compositions and stories are used in data
analysis
___________________7. Open-Ended Questions
___________________8. Highly-structured Research
___________________9. Objective
___________________10.Subjective

Assessment 2

Direction: For the following research titles, identify from which field it belongs to by choosing your answers
from the box below. Write only the letter as your answer on the space provided below each number.

A. Science Research
B. Fisheries research
C. Information & Communication Technology Research
D. Arts Based Research
E. Business Research
F. Humanities Research
G. Agriculture Research
H. Sports Research
I. Mathematics Research
J. Social Science Research

_______1 Scouring: Habitat Destruction of Coral Reefs and other Marine Animals
_______2.The Role of Computers in Digital Health Indicators
_______3. Students’ Misconceptions in Calculus
_______4. Making Bricks Out of Paper Strips
_______5.The Influence of Sports Activities on Learners Efficiency in Academics
_______6. Financial Attitude and Practices of Teachers
_______7. Psychosocial Stress Management of Senior High School Students
_______8. Effect of Classroom Environment through Classroom Structuring
_______9. Effect of Green Leaves as Nitrogen Fertilizers on Growth of Selected Vegetables
_______10.Parenting Needs, Goals and Strategies for Single Parents
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