INTRODUCTION TO C AND C++
PROGRAMMING MODEL
Gerald L. Almodiel
CS331: Computer Organization, Architecture and
Assembly Language Programming
College of Computer Studies
AMA Computer University
Topics Outline
2
History of C and C++
C++ Standard Library
C++ Development Environment
Introduction to C++ Programming
Sample Programs
CSCI6B : Computer Organization, Architecture and Assembly Language Programming 12/7/2013
History of C and C++
3
History of C
Evolved from two programming
languages
BCPL and B
Martin Richards – developed BCPL
and B in 1967
Dennis Ritchie – evolved C language
from B in “Bell Laboratories”
CSCI6B : Computer Organization, Architecture and Assembly Language Programming 12/7/2013
History of C and C++
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History of C++
C++ is an extension of C
Bjarne Stroustrup - early1980’s
1983 – C with classes
redesigned and called C++
1985 – C++ compilers made
available
CSCI6B : Computer Organization, Architecture and Assembly Language Programming 12/7/2013
C++ Standard Library
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What is C++ programs ?
Built from pieces called functions and classes
What is C++ Standard Library?
Rich collections of existing classes and functions
Compiler Vendors
Standard Library generally provided by
Software Vendors
CSCI6B : Computer Organization, Architecture and Assembly Language Programming 12/7/2013
C++ Development Environment
6
C++ System
C++ System generally consist of 3 parts:
Program Development Environment
Languages
Standard Library
C++ programs typically go through 6 phases:
1. Edit
2. Process
3. Compile
4. Link
5. Load
6. Execute
CSCI6B : Computer Organization, Architecture and Assembly Language Programming 12/7/2013
C++ Development Environment
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Editor Program is created in
Disk
the editor and stored
on disk.
Phases of C++ program Preprocessor Disk Preprocessor program
processes the code.
1. Edit
Compiler creates
Compiler Disk object code and stores
it on disk.
2. Process
Linker links the object
Linker Disk code with the libraries,
creates a.out and
3. Compile
Primary
stores it on disk
Memory
Loader
4. Link
Loader puts program
Disk
in memory.
..
..
5. Load
..
Primary
Memory
6. Execute
CPU
CPU takes each
instruction and
executes it, possibly
.. storing new data
..
.. values as the program
executes.
CSCI6B : Computer Organization, Architecture and Assembly Language Programming 12/7/2013
Introduction to C++ Programming
8
Input/output
cin
Standard input stream
Normally keyboard
cout
Standard output stream
Normally computer screen
cerr
Standard error stream
Display error messages
CSCI6B : Computer Organization, Architecture and Assembly Language Programming 12/7/2013
Introduction to C++ Programming
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Standard output stream object
std::cout
“Connected” to screen
<<
Stream insertion operator
Value to right (right operand) inserted into output stream
Standard input stream object
std::cin
Receiving input from the user
>>
Stream insertion operator
Value to left (left operand) inserted into input stream
CSCI6B : Computer Organization, Architecture and Assembly Language Programming 12/7/2013
Introduction to C++ Programming
10
Namespace
std:: specifies using name that belongs to
“namespace” std
std:: removed through use of using statements
Endl
Indicates the end of a specific line
CSCI6B : Computer Organization, Architecture and Assembly Language Programming 12/7/2013
Introduction to C++ Programming
11
Comments
Document programs
Improve program readability
Ignored by compiler
Single-line and Multiline comments
Begin with //
Begin with /* and ends with */
Preprocessor directives
Processed by preprocessor before compiling
Begin with #
CSCI6B : Computer Organization, Architecture and Assembly Language Programming 12/7/2013
Introduction to C++ Programming
12
Scape Sequence
Escape Sequence Description
\n Newline. Position the screen cursor to the
beginning of the next line.
\t Horizontal tab. Move the screen cursor to the next
tab stop.
\r Carriage return. Position the screen cursor to the
beginning of the current line; do not advance to the
next line.
\a Alert. Sound the system bell.
\\ Backslash. Used to print a backslash character.
\" Double quote. Used to print a double quote
character.
CSCI6B : Computer Organization, Architecture and Assembly Language Programming 12/7/2013
Sample Program
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// This is a sample code
// This program outputs Welcome to C++
#include <iostream> //allows the program to output the data to the scree
// function main begins programs execution
int main()
{
std::cout << “Welcome to C++ \n” ; //display message
return 0; //indicate the program ended successfully
}
CSCI6B : Computer Organization, Architecture and Assembly Language
12/7/2013
Programming
Computer Organization, Architecture and Assembly
Language programming
14
ANY QUESTIONS ?
CSCI6B : Computer Organization, Architecture and Assembly Language Programming 12/7/2013
15
~ FIN
CSCI6B : Computer Organization, Architecture and Assembly Language
12/7/2013
Programming
