Review of Related Literature and Studies

Local Literature and Studies

Diosanto (2016) stated that electric bicycle or e-bike as an

alternative transportation would be ideal for fast travel.

However, using e-bike has the burden of having short driving

range. To address this problem, there have been researches about

brake energy recovery technology or the regenerative braking.

Regenerative braking is the process of giving the energy from the

motor into the battery while in the process of braking.

Regenerative braking is common for electric vehicles. However, it

is rare on electric bicycles. The aim of this study is to

implement regenerative braking system for a Brushless DC motor

controller intended for an electric bicycle. a regenerative

braking system for a Brushless DC Motor controller for an

electric bicycle that consists of a developed microcontroller-

based control system for the regenerative braking, a DC-DC boost

converter circuit that increases the DC voltage by 10% from the

motor that charges the battery and an algorithm for controlling

the charging of the battery based from the power generated from

the motor was implemented The overall integration of the electric

bicycle (BLDC Motor, motor controller, battery), hardware

(electronics design), and software (charging algorithm and

regenerative braking.

A study by Destreza (2014) presented the idea of which

addresses the needs of the community of having a less fuel, less

pollutant and less worry about the source of electricity. His

study is a proposal for possible solution on the fuel shortage in

the market and global warming. It includes the lay-outing,

designing and identifying components for the proposed project.

Components of the Portable Self-Sustainable Electric Generator

have been identified. The researcher came up with a final design

with the components’ configuration and specifications. Hopefully,

the development of this project has been recommended.

According to a study by Guimpayan (2018), proved that the

application of using the renewable resources as a primary source

of power in small plants as mentioned in the proposed study is a

valid, feasible and applicable solution. The models support the

analysis which covers the potential benefits of using renewable

energy in independent power generating plants. The decision-

making process depends on affordability.

David (2017) concluded that it is clear that cogeneration

power using thermoelectric modules is a promising source and

presents results feasibly economical with their use, especially

if implemented on a wide scale. The researcher came up with

have been analyzed in the researcher’s model can be applied

cogeneration.

Also, David (2017) has identified those sources as abundant

as wind need not to be costly to use in generating electricity by

using such large wind turbines. This study runs on almost no

input & gives a valuable amount of electric energy which can be

used to for many purposes. This study focuses on constructing the

generator and evaluating the device to identify its applications

and future enhancements. This prototype may impact and attract

future researchers to work more on the research of free energy or

renewable energy. Now it is possible to get free electricity from

stuffs from our home. This concept of free energy can be made

using magnets or simple motors.

Foreign Literature and Studies

Jingjing Zhao (2018) gave an outline of methods for

improving generator performance of micro magnetic generator

including rotational magnetic generator, vibrational magnetic

generator and hybrid magnetic generator, analyze and compares

their design and performance and concludes key technologies and

ongoing challenges for further progress. With the advancement of

science and technology, the demand for compact, high stability

modern years. Micro magnetic generator systems convert energy

from the environment to electric energy with profits as high

reliability, high power density, long life time and some can be

applied to extreme environment. It can be used in wearable

devices, wireless sensor networks and micro electromechanical

systems. A micromagnetic generator interrupt problems like

miniaturization, fast and accurate assemble and lower resistance.

For micro generator, design theory and method should be improved,

manufacture and assembly technology suitable for producing an

understudy.

Fojtik (2016) said that human powered energy is an

underutilized and ubiquitous type of renewable energy that is

able to combat small-scale dependencies on natural gas and coal.

The bicycle generator is a form of harnessing human energy that

ranges in complexity, materials, and system output reliability.

The Sustainable Bicycle Generator project focuses on redesigning

a bike generator to be efficient, responsibly sourced, cost-

effective, and aesthetically pleasing for home and office

applications. The objective of the project is to create a turnkey

solution for hands-on learning about energy and self-sufficiency

in order to develop a deeper understanding of how humans generate

and consume energy.

promoting wellbeing through exercise during the winter months, a

modular system that is portable and replicable, and a solution

for remote energy needs via a portable battery. The generator

acts as an add-on to bicycle trainers for stationary use of a

bicycle with easy set-up and teardown. Main components of the

system include a motor, battery, inverter, and charge controller.

The components are encased in a “Smart Box” for multi-mode

switching between demonstration and battery charging. Bluetooth

cadence sensors track rider cadence to provide a direct feedback

loop. The system produces an average of 110W for a 50% exertion

level of the rider. The energy payback time, or equivalent

bicycle hours, for the battery is 382 hours. The total system

cost to construct is $495.

Rahman (2018) concluded that solar powered electrical

generation relies on heat engines and photovoltaics. Solar

energy's uses are limited only by human ingenuity. A partial list

of solar applications includes space heating and cooling through

solar architecture, potable water via distillation and

disinfection, day lighting, solar hot water, solar cooking, and

high temperature process heat for industrial purposes. To harvest

the solar energy, the most common way is to use solar panels.
 He also added that solar technologies are broadly

characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending

on the way they capture, convert and distribute solar energy.

Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic panels

and solar thermal collectors to harness the energy. Passive solar

techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting

materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing

properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air.

According to Pelz (2010), the bicycle powered generator that

they have designed and constructed represents the culmination of

the electrical engineering and business education the University

provides. Both of the engineers of this project have significant

experience in business and were, thus, able to apply their hands-

on technical experience to an actual useable product. The

results far exceed our expectations with a power source that

could provide ample amounts of energy beyond just lights and

music. Using their diverse backgrounds in education, they were

able to blend form and function together to create an easy-to-use

and unified system here that meets the specifications originally

set forth by the Burning Kumquat. Their generator is capable of

outputting about 60 watts total, but with our gear ratio and

average human pedaling speeds, they were able to achieve about

half of this power output, which is still well over the 20 watt
load (16 watts for lighting and 4 watts for the amplifier; the

iPod charger uses a minimal amount of power).

Mocanu (2015) concluded in their paper that an energy

scavenging system built with recycled and independent components

and targeted at the energy consumed while exercising was

presented. The amount of harvested energy is more than sufficient

to motivate us not to let it be wasted into heat or other forms

of un-useful energy. While building the scavenging system they

have encountered a couple of problems related to both the

interconnections between the mechanical and electrical systems,

as well as the interconnection between the scavenging system and

the electrical network. Solutions for these problems were

presented and a functional prototype of the system was created

and tested in real working conditions. From an economical

perspective, due to the recycled components, the system is

affordable, costing about 400$. All the components can still be

used separately. The results obtained so far show that the

prototype is functional. Its efficiency is, however, limited by

various losses in the system, which needs to be addressed in its

future generations.

The studies by Destreza, Guimpayan and Diosanto defined well

the importance of using renewable energy in the sector of

transportation especially in a country where fossil fuels are

reiterated the importance of generators incorporated with energy

saving. The researchers believed that these little anecdotes from

each and every study cited helped the development of the study.