Method 548

Determination of Endothall in Drinking

Water by Aqueous Derivatization,
Liquid-Solid Extraction,
and Gas Chromatography
with Electron-Capture Detection

July 1990—EPA EMSL-Ci

J.W. Hodgeson
 Method 548
Determination of Endothall in Drinking Water by Aqueous
Derivatization, Liquid-Solid Extraction, and Gas
Chromatography with Electron-Capture Detection

1. Scope and Application

1.1 This method covers the determination of endothall in drinking water sources and
finished drinking water. The following analyte can be determine by this method:

Analyte CAS No.

Endothall 145-73-3

1.2 This is a gas chromatographic (GC) method applicable to the determination of the
compound listed above. When this method is used to analyze unfamiliar samples,
compound identification should be supported by at least one additional qualitative
technique. A gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) may be used for the
qualitative confirmation of results for Endothall using the extract produced by this
method.

1.3 The method detection limit1 (MDL, defined in Section 12) for endothall is listed in
Table 1. The MDL for a specific sample may differ from the listed value, depending
upon the nature of interferences in the sample matrix and the amount of sample used
in the procedure.

1.4 Any modification of this method beyond those expressly permitted, shall be
considered a major modification subject to application and approval of alternate test
procedures under 40 CFR 136.4 and 136.5.

1.5 This method is restricted to use by or under the supervision of analysts experienced
in the use of gas chromatography and in the interpretation of gas chromatograms.
Each analyst must demonstrate the ability to generate acceptable results with this
method using the procedure described in Section 11.

2. Summary of Method

2.1 A 5.0 mL volume of liquid sample is placed in a Kuderna-Danish tube and the
volume is reduced to less than 0.75 mL using a heating block. The tube is charged
with glacial acetic acid and sodium acetate, followed by a solution of the
derivatization reagent, pentafluorophenylhydrazine (PFPH), in glacial acetic acid.
After heating at 150°C for 90 minutes the derivative is extracted by a solid sorbent
from the reaction solution, followed by elution with 5.0 mL of methyl-tert-butyl ether
(MTBE). The MTBE extract is analyzed by gas chromatography with electron capture
detection (GC/ECD).
Method 548

3. Definitions

3.1 Internal Standard: A pure analyte(s) added to a solution in known amount(s) and
used to measure the relative responses of other method analytes and surrogates that
are components of the same solution. The internal standard must be analyte that is
not a sample component.

3.2 Surrogate Analyte: A pure analyte(s), which is extremely unlikely to be found in any
sample, and which is added to a sample aliquot in known amount(s) before extraction
and is measured with the same procedures used to measure other sample
components. The purpose of a surrogate analyte is to monitor method performance
with each sample.

3.3 Laboratory Duplicates (LD1 and LD2): Two sample aliquots taken in the analytical
laboratory and analyzed separately with identical procedures. Analyses of LD1 and
LD2 give a measure of the precision associated with laboratory procedures, but not
with sample collection, preservation, or storage procedures.

3.4 Field Duplicates (FD1 and FD2): Two separate samples collected at the same time
and place under identical circumstances and treated exactly the same throughout field
and laboratory procedures. Analyses of FD1 and FD2 give a measure of the precision
associated with sample collection, preservation and storage, as well as with laboratory
procedures.

3.5 Laboratory Reagent Blank (LRB): An aliquot of reagent water that is treated exactly
as a sample including exposure to all glassware, equipment, solvents, reagents,
internal standards, and surrogates that are used with other samples. The LRB is used
to determine if method analytes or other interferences are present in the laboratory
environment, the reagents, or the apparatus.

3.6 Field Reagent Blank (FRB): Reagent water placed in a sample container in the
laboratory and treated as a sample in all respects, including exposure to sampling site
conditions, storage, preservation and all analytical procedures. The purpose of the
FRB is to determine if method analytes or other interferences are present in the field
environment.

3.7 Laboratory Performance Check Solution (LPC): A solution of method analytes,

surrogate compounds, and internal standards used to evaluate the performance of the
instrument system with respect to a defined set of method criteria.

3.8 Laboratory Fortified Blank (LFB): An aliquot of reagent water to which known
quantities of the method analytes are added in the laboratory. The LFB is analyzed
exactly like a sample, and its purpose is to determine whether the methodology is in
control, and whether the laboratory is capable of making accurate and precise
measurements at the required method detection limit.

3.9 Laboratory Fortified Sample Matrix (LFM): An aliquot of an environmental sample to

which known quantities of the method analytes are added in the laboratory. The
LFM is analyzed exactly like a sample, and its purpose is to determine whether the
 Method 548

sample matrix contributes bias to the analytical results. The background

concentrations of the analytes in the sample matrix must be determined in a separate
aliquot and the measured values in the LFM corrected for background concentrations.

3.10 Stock Standard Solution: A concentrated solution containing a single certified

standard that is a method analyte, or a concentrated solution of a single analyte
prepared in the laboratory with an assayed reference compound. Stock standard
solutions are used to prepare primary dilution standards.

3.11 Primary Dilution Standard Solution: A solution of several analytes prepared in the
laboratory from stock standard solutions and diluted as needed to prepare calibration
solutions and other needed analyte solutions.

3.12 Calibration Standard (CAL): A solution prepared from the primary dilution standard
solution and stock standard solutions of the internal standards and surrogate analytes.
The CAL solutions are used to calibrate the instrument response with respect to
analyte concentration.

3.13 Quality Control Sample (QCS): A sample matrix containing method analytes or a
solution of method analytes in a water miscible solvent which is used to fortify
reagent water or environmental samples. The QCS is obtained from a source external
to the laboratory, and is used to check laboratory performance with externally
prepared test materials.

4. Interferences

4.1 Method interference may be caused by contaminants in solvents, reagents, glassware,

and other sample processing hardware that lead to discrete artifacts and/or elevated
baselines in the chromatograms. All of these materials must be routinely
demonstrated to be free from interferences under the conditions of the analysis by
running laboratory reagent blanks as described in Section 10.2.

4.1.1 Glassware must be scrupulously clean.2 Clean all glassware as soon as

possible after used by rinsing with the last solvent used in it. This should be
followed by detergent washing with hot water, and rinses with tap water and
distilled water. It should then be drained dry, and heated in a laboratory oven
at 40°C for several hours before use. Solvent rinses with methanol may be
substituted for the oven heating. After drying and cooling, glassware should
be stored in a clean environment to prevent any accumulation of dust or other
contaminants.

4.1.2 The use of high purity regents and solvents helps to minimize interference
problems. Purification of solvents by distillation in all-glass systems may be
required.

4.2 Matrix interferences may be caused by contaminants that are coextracted from the
sample. The extent of matrix interferences will vary considerably from source to
source, depending upon the nature and diversity of the matrix being sampled. If
Method 548

significant interferences occur in subsequent samples, some additional cleanup may be

necessary to achieve the MDL listed in Table 1.

4.3 The extent of interferences that may be encountered using gas chromatographic
techniques has not been fully assessed. Although the GC conditions described allow
for a unique resolution of the specific compound covered by this method, other matrix
components may interfere.

5. Safety

5.1 The toxicity or carcinogenicity of each reagent used in this method has not been
precisely defined; however, each chemical compound should be treated as a potential
health hazard. From this viewpoint, exposure to these chemicals must be reduced to
the lowest possible level by whatever means available. The laboratory is responsible
for maintaining a current awareness file of OSHA regulations regarding the safe
handling of the chemical specified in this method. A reference file of material data
handling sheets should also be made available to all personnel involved in the
chemical analysis. Additionally references to laboratory safety are available.

6. Apparatus and Materials

6.1 Sampling Equipment (for discrete or composite sampling).

6.1.1 Grab sample bottle: Amber glass fitted with screw caps lined with Teflon. If
amber bottles are not available, protect samples from light. The container
must be washed, rinsed with methanol, and dried before use to minimize
contamination.

6.2 Glassware

6.2.1 Volumetric flasks: 5 mL and 25 mL.

6.2.2 Vials: Glass, 1 mL, with Teflon-lined caps.

6.2.3 Glass syringes, 250 µL and 500 µL.

6.2.4 Pipets: 1 mL and 4 mL.

6.3 Balance: Analytical, capable of accurately weighing 0.0001 g.

6.4 Solid Sorbent Cartridges: C18, Baker 7020-6 or equivalent.

6.5 Vacuum manifold for extraction using solid sorbent cartridges: Supelco 5-7030 or
equivalent.

6.6 Kuderna-Danish (K-D) concentrator tubes: 10 mL or 25 mL graduated (Kontes

K-570050-1025 or K-570050-2525).

6.6.1 Snyder column, Kuderna-Danish: Two-ball micro (Kontes, K-569001-0219).

 Method 548

6.7 Tube heater for 25 mL K-D tubes: Kontes.

6.8 Boiling chips: Carborundum, #12 granules (Arthur H. Thomas Co. #1590-033 or
equivalent). Heat at 400°C for 30 minutes prior to use. Cool and stored in dessicator.

6.9 Gas chromatographic system capable of temperature programming

6.9.1 Autosampler.

6.9.2 Electron capture detector.

6.9.3 Column 1: Supelco SPB-5, 0.25 mm x 30 m or equivalent. Column 2: J&W

DB-1, 0.32 mm x 30 mm or equivalent.

6.9.4 Strip-chart recorder compatible with detector. Use of a data system with
printer for measuring and recording peak areas and retention times is
recommended.

7. Reagents and Solutions

7.1 Reagent Water: Reagent water is defined as a water of very high purity, equivalent to
distilled in glass solvents.

7.2 Pentafluorophenylhydrazine (PFPH): Aldrich.

7.3 Sodium Acetate: Anhydrous, Aldrich.

7.4 Sodium Thiosulfate: Baker.

7.5 Acetic Acid: Glacial, Baker.

7.6 Methyl-Tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE): Distilled in glass (Burdick & Jackson).

7.7 Endothall-PFPH Derivative: See Appendix for synthesis procedure.

7.8 Endosulfan I: USEPA Repository.

7.9 Endothall, monohydrate: USEPA Repository.

7.10 Stock Standard Solutions

7.10.1 Endothall: 10 µg/mL in reagent water.

7.10.2 Endothall: 50 µg/mL in reagent water.

7.10.3 Stock standard solutions must be replaced after six months, or sooner, if
comparison with check standards indicates a problem.
Method 548

7.11 Reaction Solutions

7.11.1 PFPH solution: 4 mg/mL in glacial acetic acid.

7.11.2 Internal standard stock solution: 10 µg/mL endosulfan I in MTBE.

8. Sample Collection, Preservation, and Handling

8.1 Grab samples must be collected in glass containers. Conventional sampling practices
should be followed, except that the bottle must not be prewashed with sample before
collection. Composite samples should be collected in refrigerated glass containers in
accordance with the requirements of the program. Automatic sampling equipment
must be as free as possible of Tygon tubing and other potential sources of
contamination.

8.2 The samples must be iced or refrigerated at 4°C from the time of collection until
derivatization. The analyte measured here is not known to be light sensitive, but
excessive exposure to light and heat should be avoided.

8.3 Some samples are likely to be biologically active and the stability of samples upon
storage will be different for each matrix. All samples should be derivatized within
seven days of collection, and analysis completed within one day of derivatization. If
these criteria are not met, the analyst must demonstrate the stability of the stored
sample by performing suitable holding time studies.

9. Calibration

9.1 Establish gas chromatographic operating parameters to produce a retention time

equivalent to that indicated in Table 1. The chromatographic system can be calibrated
using the internal standard technique (Section 9.2).

9.1.1 Due to the complex nature of the sample chromatogram, the analyst should
periodically inject a solution containing only pure endothall-PFPH
(See Appendix) to verify the retention time of the derivative.

9.2 Internal Standard Calibration Procedure

9.2.1 Use 250 µL and 500 µL syringes to add sufficient quantities of Section 7.10.1 or
7.10.2 stock solutions to reagent water in 25 mL volumetric flasks to produce
endothall standard solutions at the following concentrations in µg/L:
500 (250 µL of Section 7.10.2 stock), 200 (100 µL of Section 7.10.2 stock),
100 (50 µL of Section 7.10.2 stock) and 50 (125 µL of Section 7.10.1 stock).

9.2.2 Process each standard as per Section 11.2. It is recommended that triplicate
samples of each standard be processed.

9.2.3 Before analyzing matrix samples, the analyst must process a series of
calibration standards to validate elution patterns and the absence of
interferences from reagents.
 Method 548

9.2.4 Analyze each calibration standard and tabulate the ratio of the peak area of the
endothall-PFPH derivative versus that of the internal standard against
endothall concentration. The results may be used to prepare a calibration
curve for endothall.

9.2.5 The working calibration curve must be verified on each working day by
processing and analyzing one or more calibration standards. If the response
varies from the previous response by more than ±20%, the test must be
repeated using a fresh calibration standard. Should the retest fail, a new
calibration curve must be generated.

10. Quality Control

10.1 Each laboratory that uses this method is required to operate a formal quality control
(QC) program. The minimum QC requirements are initial demonstration of
laboratory capability, analysis of laboratory reagent blanks, laboratory fortified blanks,
laboratory fortified matrix samples and QC check standards.

10.2 Laboratory Reagent Blanks. Before processing any samples, the analyst must
demonstrate that all glassware and reagents interferences are under control. Each
time a set of samples is analyzed or reagent are changed, a method blank must be
analyzed. For this method, the method blank is filtered reagent water. If within the
retention time window of an analyte of interest, the method blank produces a peak
which prevents the measurement of that analyte, determine the source of
contamination and eliminate the interference before processing samples.

10.3 Initial Demonstration of Capability

10.3.1 Select a representative fortified concentration (about 10 times MDL) for

endothall. Prepare a concentrate (in reagent water) containing the analyte at
10 times the selected concentration. Using a pipet, add 1.00 mL of the
concentrate to each of at least four 10 mL aliquots of reagent water and
analyze each aliquot according to procedures beginning in Section 11.

10.3.2 The recovery value should for at least three out of four consecutively analyzed
samples fall in the range of R ±30% (or within R ±3SR, if broader) using the
values for R and SR for reagent water. If the recovery value meets the
acceptance criteria, performance is acceptable and sample analysis may begin.
If the recovery value fails these criteria, initial demonstration of capability
should be repeated.

10.3.3 The initial demonstration of capability is used primarily to preclude a

laboratory from analyzing unknown samples by a new, unfamiliar method
prior to evidencing a basal level of skill at performing the technique. It is
expected that as laboratory personnel gain experience with this method the
quality of the data will improve beyond the requirements stated in
Section 10.3.2.
Method 548

10.4 The analyst is permitted to modify GC columns, GC conditions, or detectors to

improve separations or lower analytical costs. Each time such method modifications
are made, the analyst must repeat the procedures in Section 10.3.

10.5 Assessing the Internal Standard: In using the IS calibration procedure, the analyst is
expected to monitor the IS response (peak area or peak height) of all samples during
each analysis day. The IS response for any sample chromatogram should not deviate
from the calibration standard IS response by more than 30%.

10.5.1 If a deviation of greater than 30% is encountered for a sample, re-inject the
extract.

10.5.1.1 If acceptable IS response is achieved for the re-injected extract,

then report the results for that sample.

10.5.1.2 If a deviation of greater than 30% is obtained for the re-injected

extract, analysis of the sample should be repeated beginning
with Section 11, provided the sample is still available.
Otherwise, report results obtained from the re-injected extract,
but annotate as suspect.

10.5.2 If consecutive samples fail the IS response acceptance criterion, immediately

analyze a calibration check standard.

10.5.2.1 If the check standard provides a response factor (RF) within 20%
of the predicated value, then follow procedures itemized in
Section 10.5.1 for each sample failing the IS response criterion.

10.5.2.2 If the check standard provides a response factor (RF) with

deviates more than 20% of the predicted value, then the analyst
must recalibrate, as specified in Section 9.2.

10.6 Assessing Laboratory Performance

10.6.1 The laboratory must analyze at least one LFB per sample set (all samples
analyzed within a 24-hour period). The fortifying concentration in the LFB
should be 10 times the MDL. Calculate accuracy as percent recovery (Xi). If
the recovery falls outside the control limits (See Section 10.6.2), the system is
judged out of control, and the source of the problem must be identified and
resolved before continuing analyses.

10.6.2 Until sufficient LFB data become available, usually a minimum of results from
20-30 analyses, the laboratory should assess its performance against the control
limits described in Section 10.3.2. When sufficient laboratory performance data
becomes available, develop control limits from the mean percent recovery (X)
and standard deviation (S) of the percent recovery. These data are used to
establish upper and lower control limits as follows:

Upper Control Limit = X + 3S

Lower Control Limit = X − 3S
 Method 548

After each group of 5-10 new recovery measurements, control limits should be
recalculated using only the most recent 20-30 data points.

10.6.3 It is recommended that the laboratory periodically determine and document its
detection limit capabilities for endothall.

10.6.4 Each quarter the laboratory should analyze QCS (if available). If criteria
provided with the QCS are not met, corrective action should be taken and
documented.

10.7 Assessing Analyte Recovery

10.7.1 The laboratory must add a known fortified concentration to a minimum of 10%
of the routine samples or one fortified sample per set, whichever is greater.
The fortified concentration should not be less than the background
concentration of the sample selected for spiking. The fortified concentration
should be the same as that used for the LFB (Section 10.6). Over time, samples
from all routine sample sources should be fortified.

10.7.2 Calculate the percent recovery (Ri) for each analyte, corrected for background
concentrations measured in the unfortified sample, and compare these values
to the control limits established in Section 10.6.2 for the analyses of LFBs.

10.7.3 If the recovery of any analyte falls outside the designated range, and the
laboratory performance for that analyte is shown to be in control (Section 10.6),
the recovery problem encountered with that dosed sample is judged to be
matrix related, not system related. The result for that analyte in the unfortified
sample must be labelled suspect/matrix to inform the data user that the results
are suspect due to matrix effects.

11. Procedure

11.1 Cleanup and Separation: Cleanup procedures may not be necessary for a relatively
clean samples matrix. If particular circumstances demand the use of an alternative
cleanup procedure, the analyst must demonstrate that the recovery of endothall is
within the limits specified by the method.

11.1.1 If the sample is not clean, or the complexity is unknown, the entire sample
should be centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 10 minutes. The supernatant is
decanted from the centrifuge bottle and passed through glass fiber filter paper
into a container which can be tightly sealed.

11.1.2 Store all samples at 4°C.

11.2 Sample Extraction and Analysis

11.2.1 Measure out a 5.0 mL aliquot of the sample and place it in a 25 mL K-D tube.
Add boiling chips.
Method 548

11.2.2 Place on tube heater at maximum setting and concentrate sample to less than
0.5 mL.

11.2.3 Add 4 mL glacial acetic acid, 200 mg sodium acetate and 1 mL of glacial acetic
acid containing 4 mg PFPH. Use glass stirring rod to break-up the sodium
acetate solid. Place a Micro Snyder column on each K-D tube.

11.2.4 Heat at 150°C for 90 minutes.

11.2.5 Dilute the reaction mixture with 50 mL reagent water. Wash the residue in the
tube into the aqueous solution.

11.2.6 Assemble the vacuum manifold. Rinse the solid sorbent cartridge by passing
5 mL of reagent water though the cartridge. Discard the water. Extract the
aqueous sample from 12.5 by passing the sample through the solid sorbent
cartridge at a rate of 5-6 mL per minute.

11.2.7 Wash the cartridge with 5 mL reagent water. Elute the cartridge with two
2 mL aliquots of MTBE. Combine the eluates with .05 mL of the internal
standard stock solution (Section 7.11.2) and dilute to 5 mL in a volumetric
flask with MTBE.

11.2.8 Analyze the eluates by GC/ECD using conditions described in Table 1. This
table includes the retention time and MDL that were obtained under these
conditions. Sample chromatograms of an endothall standard and a LRB both
with internal standard are represented in Figures 1 and 2. Other columns,
chromatographic conditions, or detectors may be used if the requirements of
Section 10.3 are met.

11.3 Identification of Analytes

11.3.1 Identify a sample component by comparison of its retention time to the

retention time of a reference chromatogram. If the retention time of an
unknown compound corresponds, within limits, to the retention time of a
standard compound, then identification is considered positive. However,
positive identifications should be confirmed by retention time comparisons on
the second GC column, or by using GC/MS.

11.3.2 The width of the retention time window used to make identifications should
be based upon measurements of actual retention time variations of standards
over the course of a day. Three times the standard deviation of a retention
time can be used to calculate a suggested window size for a compound.
However, the experience of the analyst should weigh heavily in the
interpretation of chromatograms.

11.3.3 Identification requires expert judgement when sample components are not
resolved chromatographically, that is, when GC peaks obviously represent
more than one sample component (i.e., broadened peak with shoulder(s) or
valley between two or more maxima, or any time doubt exists over the
identification of a peak as a chromatogram, appropriate techniques such as use
 Method 548

of an alternative detector which operates on a chemical/physical principle

different from that originally used, e.g., mass spectrometry, or the use of a
second chromatography column must be used.

11.4 If the peak area exceeds the linear range of the calibration curve, a smaller sample
volume should be used. Alternatively, the final solution may be diluted with MTBE
and reanalyzed.

11.5 If the peak area measurement is prevented by the presence of interferences, further
cleanup is required.

12. Calculations

12.1 Determine the peak area ratio for endothall in the injected sample.

12.1.1 Calculate the concentration of endothall injected using the calibration curve in
Section 9.2. The concentration in a liquid sample can be calculated from
Equation 1:

Equation 1

12.2 Report results as micrograms per liter. When duplicate and fortified samples are
analyzed, report all data obtained with the sample results.

12.3 For samples processed as part of a set where the laboratory fortified sample recovery
falls outside of the control limits established in Section 10.3, data must be labeled as
suspect.

13. Method Performance

13.1 Method Detection Limits: The MDL is defined as the minimum concentration of a
substance that can be measured and reported with 99% confidence that the value is
above the background level. The estimated MDL concentration listed in Table 1 was
obtained using reagent water. Similar results were achieved using representative
matrices.

13.2 This method has not been tested for linearity of recovery from fortified reagent water.

13.3 In a single laboratory using dechlorinated tap and reagent water fortified matrices, the
average recoveries presented in Table 2 were obtained. The standard deviation of the
percent recovery is also included in Table 2.
Method 548

References
1. 40 CFR Part 136, Appendix B.

2. ASTM Annual Book of Standards, Part 31, D3694-78. "Standard Practices for
Preparation of Sample Containers and for Preservation of Organic Constituents",
American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA.
 Method 548

Table 1. Gas Chromatography Conditions and Method Detection Limits

Analyte Ret. Time (min.) MDL (µg/L)

Endothall 42.3 11.5

GC conditions: 0.25 mm x 30 m SPB-5 column; 2 µL injection; (Split, 40:1) hold one minute at
60°C, program to 300°C at 4°C/min, hold at 300°C for 15 minutes.
Method 548

Table 2. Single Operator Accuracy and Precision

Average Standard Fortified

Matrix Percent Deviation Conc. Number of
Analyte Type Recovery (percent) (µg/L) Analyses
Endothall Reagent Water 120 25.3 15 8
108 15.3 150 8
Dechlorinated 84.0 13.8 15 8
Tap Water 94.0 13.3 150 8

100 mg/L sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) added to prior to fortifying with endothall
 Method 548

Appendix
Preparation of Endothall-Pentafluorophenylhydrazine
1. Prepare solution A of endothall by dissolving 0.204 g of endothall monohydrate
(1.0 mmol) in 14 mL of methylene chloride and 3.6 mL of dry tetrahydrofuran (THF).

2. Prepare solutions B of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) by dissolving 0.206 g

(1.0 mmol) in 3.4 mL of dry THF.

3. Mix solution A and B and cover with a watchglass. (Note: a white precipitate will
form in three to five minutes).

4. Gently stir the mixture from Step 3 with a magnetic stirrer for four and one-half hours
at ambient temperature.

5. Prepare solution C by dissolving 0.206 g of DCC and 0.198 g of pentafluorophenyl-

hydrazine (PFPH) in 18 mL of dry THF.

6. Mix solution C with the mixture from Step 4, cover with a watchglass and stir the
mixture overnight (16 hours) at ambient temperature.

7. Filter the mixture and dry the filtrate under reduced pressure to yield a beige powder.

8. Recrystallize the beige powder with 20 mL of warm (40°C) methanol: H2O (8:2 v/v).

9. Filter the solution from Step 8 to remove the insoluble material.

10. Allow the filtrate from Step 9 to cool to room temperature. A precipitate will form
immediately upon cooling.

11. Filter and wash the precipitate formed in Step 10 with two 1 mL portions of cold
methanol: H2O (8:2). Save the filtrate.

12. Allow the filtrate from Step 11 to stand overnight covered with a watchglass at
ambient temperature. A precipitate will form on standing.

13. Filter and wash the precipitate from Step 12 with two 1 mL portions of cold methanol:
H20 (8:2).

14. Recrystallize the off white precipitate from Step 13 with 20 mL of warm methanol:
H20 (8:2). Filter the warm solution and allow the filtrate to cool, producing a white,
crystalline precipitate.

15. Filter the white precipitate from Step 14, wash with two 1 mL portions of cold
methanol: H20 (8:2) and dry under vacuum.
Method 548

16. Determine the melting point of the precipitate of Step 15. The melting point of the
endothall-pentafluorophenylhydrazine derivative is 201.0C. If the melting point of the
precipitate is not within 1.0 C of this melting point, recrystallize again as per Steps 14
through 15.
Method 548
Method 548