Technical Vocational

Livelihood - ICT
 Module 4 – TVL ICT G12 – Q1

Introductory Message
To the Parents:
Greetings of good life!
This learning material is made for your child to learn the needed knowledge, skills and
attitudes in COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING NC II. This is composed of discussions,
activities where your child can learn, embedded links for supplementary learning resources
and suggested computer and mobile applications or software that your child may use for
simulations and applications. The Introduction is all about the knowledge that your child
already knows. This part connects what is already known and what is about to be learned.
The Development part provides the needed information and skills to be learned.
Engagement part has activities which will strengthen the mastery of the lesson. The
Assimilation part includes assessment to determine if your child has acquired the needed
skills and gives opportunity for your child to reflect for their own learning/life skills.
As a guardian, you have a great role in helping your child to learn while at home. Your
guidance is needed so that he/she can understand the lessons and instructions better.
Nevertheless, you may let him/her work independently so he/she can develop his/her skills
fully.
If you have any question or if your child needs help about the lesson, please do not
hesitate to call or message us. We are ready to assist you.
When you return this to school, his/her teacher will check and record your child
responses and progress.
Thank you for always showing love to your child by continuously helping them to learn!
To the Learner:

Greetings!
This learning material is designed especially for you. This is composed of discussions
and activities to further develop your knowledge, understanding and skills in COMPUTER
SYSTEMS SERVICING NC II. The lesson has four parts: Introduction, Development,
Engagement and Assimilation.
You are tasked to answer all the activities in this learning material using a clean sheet
of paper. Do not write anything on this learning material. You may ask the guidance of
your parents, guardian, brother and sisters while doing the activities. You are also expected
to attend the follow–up session on the schedule time provided for you. You have to finish
answering the activities before the date set by your teacher.
Your parents/guardian shall return this material together with your answers. Your
teacher shall check all your responses to the activities/exercises and shall inform you of your
progress.
Should you have any question about the lesson, or you find difficulty in understanding
the lesson or activity, do not hesitate to contact or message your teacher who is always ready
to assist you.
Happy learning!

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 NETWORK PROTOCOL
1

I. INTRODUCTION (PANIMULA)

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and prepared to help you achieved the required learning
competencies in preliminaries in setting up computer server. This will be the source of
information and activities for you to acquire knowledge, skills and attitudes on the
competencies listed below and learning outcome independently and at your own pace.

Learning Outcome: Illustrate how data flows or travel over the network.

Learning Competencies:

• Carry out communication check between terminals in accordance with operating

systems network configuration guides.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify and determine the functions of different materials, tools and equipment/devices
in used in setting up computer networks.
2. Identify and distinguish the structure of different network topologies.
3. Create a simple illustration network setup of showing different materials, tools and
equipment/devices in used in setting up computer networks.
4. Appreciate the importance of computer networks in communications.

What’s New

In the space provided, write down the missing terms to have a communication.

1. _________
2. _________
3. _________
4. _________
5. _________
SENDER RECEIVER

3
 II. DEVELOPMENT (PAGPAPAUNLAD)

What I know

Read and analyze each question. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer
on answer sheet provided.

1. How many OSI layer are there?

A. 6 C. 8
B. 7 D. 9
2. What is the full meaning of OSI in OSI Layer Model?
A. Open System Internet C. Open System Interconnection
B. Operating Software Internationals D. Operating Social Interaction
3. Which layer involves logical addressing through routing?
A. Transport C. Data link
B. Network D. Physical
4. Which pair of protocols that reside in transport layer?
A. FTP and TCP C. TCP and UDP
B. SMTP and SNTP D. IP and DNS
5. How many layers are there in TCP/IP on the latest update?
A. 4 C. 6
B. 5 D. 7
6. They are the formal standards and policies comprised of rules, procedures and
formats that define communication between two or more devices over a network.
A. Network devices C. Network protocols
B. Network topologies D. Networking tools
7. Which protocol is known as connection-oriented?
A. TCP C. HTP
B. UDP D. FTP
8. Which protocol is connectionless?
A. TCP C. HTP
B. UDP D. FTP
9. Which network layer wherein data is chop into segment?
A. Application C. Session
B. Presentation D. Transport
10. Which is the 7 layer of OSI Model?
th

A. Application C. Network
B. Physical D. Transport
11. Which network protocol model is developed by ARPANET?
A. OSI C. UDP
B. TCP/IP D. HTTP
12. Which protocol is connection oriented?
A. OSI C. UDP
B. TCP D. DNS

4
13. Which protocol is mostly used in transferring files?
A. FTP C. FIT
B. UTP D. UDP
14. It is assigned to each device that is connected to a computer network
A. HTP C. DNS
B. IP D. FTP
15. Which establishes the connection between the local and remote computer.?
A. FTP C. TELNET
B. DNS D. HTTP

5
 What’s In

Activity 1. Look and analyze the contents written on the envelop

Source: en.wikipedia.org

Guide questions:

1. Who is the sender of the letter? Who is the receiver?

2. Do they live in the same country?
3. Why do you think the texts are written in English not in Japanese?
4. What medium did the sender use to communicate with the receiver?

Activity 2. Analogy. Complete the table. Fill in the box with question marks (?)

SENDER COMPUTER TELEPHONE LETTER

DATA (1)? TEXT

(2)? CONTACT # (3)?

MAC ADDRESS NAME OF RECEIVER NAME OF RECEIVER

RECEIVER COMPUTER TELEPHONE LETTER

You may visit the following YouTube link for further understanding.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-HXa320iTPY

6
 What’s Is It
Information Sheet 4.1 ISO MODEL
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ilk7UXzV_Qc&t=125s

7 Sender use application protocol:

Example: http:/

6 Coding, conversion, encryption and

data compression

5 Establish, manage and terminate

connection between sender and
receiver
4 Data is chop into segments/port
number and sequence number.
TCP/ UDP protocol
3 Sorting and determine the destination
through IP address/Routing

2 Sets up link across the physical

network or address (MAC & LLC
address)
1 Network media or devices:
Example: Network cables connectors
and devices.

Figure 2.1
Source:common.wikipedia.org

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) has been developed by ISO –

‘International Organization of Standardization ‘, in the year 1984. This is composed of 7 layer
having specific functionality. On the application layer of the OSI Model, the sender directs
data using network application such google chrome which interacts with http:/. Coding,
conversion, encryption and data compression takes place on the presentation layer to
generally recognized format by the network. On the session layer, connection is established
between the sender and receiver. Data is chop into segments on the transport layer through
a reliable connection with the help of some protocols (TCP and UDP). Network layer works for
the transmission of data from one host to the other located in different networks through packet
routing or placing sender’s and receiver’s IP address in the header. The data link layer
transfers the data from node to node or host using its MAC address. The physical layer
contains information in the form of bits that is transmitted through network media such as
cables and devices.1
References:
1
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/layers-of-osi-model/

7
 Information Sheet 4.2 TCP/IP MODEL
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OTwp3xtd4dg&t=90s
TCP/IP MODEL

Figure 4.2
Source: computernetworkingnotes.com

TCP/IP model is developed by ARPANET (Advanced Research Project Agency Network).2

Application Layer is responsible for node-to-node communication and controls user-interface

specifications. Some of the protocols present in this layer are: HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, TFTP,
Telnet, SSH, SMTP, SNMP, NTP, DNS, DHCP, NFS, X Window, LPD.2

Transport Layer or Host-to-Host Layer is It is responsible for end-to-end communication

and error-free delivery of data. The two main protocol presents in this layer are Transmission
Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP).2

Internet or Network Layer defines protocols which are responsible for logical transmission
of data over the entire network. The protocols present in this layer are Internet Protocol (IP),
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), and Address Resolution Protocol (ARP).2

Network Access Layer or Network Interface looks out for hardware addressing and the
protocols present in this layer allows for the physical transmission of data.2

Data Link Layer responsible for creating the frames that move across the network.
These frames encapsulate the packets and use MAC addresses to identify the source
and destination.3

Physical Layer encodes and decodes the bits found in a frame and includes the
transceiver that drives and receives the signals on the network.3
References:
2
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/tcp-ip-model/
3
https://microchipdeveloper.com/tcpip:tcp-ip-five-layer-model

8
 Information Sheet 4.3 Network Protocols
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_kNTa9y6Is&pbjreload=101

Network Protocols

Network protocols are formal standards and policies comprised of rules, procedures
and formats that define communication between two or more devices over a network. They
ensure that computer network devices can transmit and receive data using a common
language regardless of their different designs, hardware or infrastructures.4

Commonly Used Network Protocols

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is an internet protocol suite which breaks up the
message into TCP Segments and reassembling them at the receiving side.5

Datagram oriented protocol (UDP) is used for broadcast and multicast type of network
transmission. but it throws all the error-checking stuff out, all the back-and-forth
communication and deliverability.6

An Internet Protocol (IP) address that is also known as an IP address is a numerical label. It
is assigned to each device that is connected to a computer network which uses the IP for
communication. Its routing function allows internetworking and essentially establishes the
Internet. Combination of IP with a TCP allows developing a virtual connection between a
destination and a source.5

The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTP) is a foundation of the World Wide Web. It is used for
transferring webpages and other such resources from the HTTP server or web server to the
web client or the HTTP client. 5

Simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP) supports the e-mail is known as a simple mail transfer
protocol. This protocol helps you to send the data to another e-mail address.5

SNMP stands for Simple Network Management Protocol. It is a framework which is used for
managing the devices on the internet by using the TCP/IP protocol.5

Domain Name System (DNS). An IP address that is used to identify the connection of a host
to the internet uniquely. However, users prefer to use names instead of addresses for that
DNS.5

Terminal Network (TELNET) establishes the connection between the local and remote
computer. It established connection in such a manner that you can simulate your local system
at the remote system.5

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a mostly used standard protocol for transmitting the files from
one machine to another.5
References:
4
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/12938/network-protocols
5
https://www.guru99.com/tcp-ip-model.html#:~:text=TCP%2FIP%20Model%20helps%20you,allow%20communication%20over%20large%20distances.
6
https://www.guru99.com/tcp-vs-udp-understanding-the-difference.html

9
 Information Sheet 4.4 Network Protocol Suite and Data Transfer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kCuyS7ihr_E&t=175s

Figure 2.3 -1
source: dummies.com
DATA TRANSFER (TCP/IP MODEL)

Figure 2.3 -2
Source: microchipdeveloper.com

Encapsulation. the data moves from upper layer to the lower layer, and each layer includes a
bundle of information known as a header along with the actual data.7

Decapsulation. the data moves from the lower layer to the upper layers, and each layer
unpacks the corresponding headers to obtain the actual data.7
References:
7
https://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-encapsulation-and-vs-
decapsulation/#:~:text=When%20the%20data%20is%20moving,is%20known%20as%20the%20encapsulation.&text=This%20unpacking%20of%20data
%20in%20each%20layer%20is%20known%20as%20the%20decapsulation.

10
III. ENGAGEMENT (PAKIKIPAGPALIHAN)
What’s More

Activity 1: Matching Type

Match the Layers in column A with its corresponding data units in column B

Column A Column B
1. Data Link A. data
2. Transport B. packets
3. Physical C. segments
4. Application D. bits
5. Network E. frame

Activity 2: True or False

Write CPU if the statement is True or correct and RAM if the statement is False or
incorrect. Underline the word/s or phrase/s that make/s the statement incorrect.

1. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is an internet protocol suite which breaks up the
message into UDP Segments and reassembling them at the receiving side.

2. Transmission Control Protocol is used for broadcast and multicast type of network
transmission. but it throws all the error-checking functionality.

3. Combination of IP with HTP allows developing a virtual connection between a

destination and a source.

4. SNMP helps you to send the data to another e-mail address.

5. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a mostly used standard protocol for transmitting the
files from one machine to another.

Activity 3: Arrange in Order

Arrange the layers of OSI and TCP/IP model from sender to receiver

OSI MODEL TCP/IP

Sender Transport Layer
Data Link Layer Physical Layer
Application Layer
Session Layer Network Layer
Physical Layer Application Layer
Presentation layer Transport Layer
Receiver Network Layer Data Link Layer

11
 What I Can Do

Learners will choose the type of performance task depends on his/her capability and
accessibility to internet.

PERFORMANCE TASK A (Learners without materials or gadgets and no internet access)

Learners will create an illustration on how data travels from one pc to another on a network
using network symbols. Indicate the corresponding layers and protocols that enclose on
each device.

SYMBOLS

computer router wire

switch internet

PERFORMANCE TASK B (Learners with materials or gadgets and limited internet access)

Learners will create a simple artwork using indigenous materials that show data transfer per
layer (pls. refer figure 2.3 – 2) and use the parts of a sentence as its component.

PERFORMANCE TASK C (Learners without materials but with gadgets and internet access)

Learners will create a network simulation using Networking AR application and its AR Markers
(please activity sheet attached). You can download the application at Google Play Store for
free. Learners will send to the subject teacher a video clip and brief explanation of the
simulation.
You may watch the You tube link to guide you in your activity.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HsomAvtwav4

Disclaimer: Please check the gadgets’ specifications or application requirements to avoid

problems. The subject teacher and the school will not be liable of any loss of data or damages
may occur upon installation this software.
Rubrics for Performance Task
Criteria Score (5 is the highest and
1 is the lowest)
5 4 3 2 1
Following directions or instructions.
Organization of contents or details
Completeness
Skills Applied or Workmanship
Creativity

12
Try this Sample AR Marker and Simulation. Be sure you already installed the Network AR
by Bond University. Focus the camera of your gadget one at a time on the markers connecting
each figure to one another. The markers are usually cut out and attached to 3d printed stands
or any other objects with a 45 degree slant.

Side view

13
ACTIVITY SHEET: AR NETWORK SIMULATION

The app requires the use of specialized augmented reality markers and 3D printed
instrumentation which can be downloaded at the following link:
http://mixedrealityresearch.com/#networkModeling

14
 Additional Activities

A. Arrange in Order. Arrange the content of how the data transfer from one layer to
another.

Application Transport Network Data Link Physical

Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer

1.)
MAC
IP Address Message port
address
2.)
Bits
Frames segments packets Data

B. Find the Words. Write the 10 words related to network and protocol which appear
straight across, backward straight across, up and down, down and up, and diagonally.

B C D E F G H D A T A I J K
L M P O P Q R S T U V W X S
H G A R F E D C B A Z Y P E
I M C U O P Q G A R S R P S
J N K T S T N E M G E S Q S
K O E S V O O F B S T O R I
L P T R W N R C E Q U N S O
K Q S Q X M S N O P V M T N
R R C P Y L T E C L W L U J
O S S E M A R F D O X K V I
W T D O T K U D E N Y J W H
T U E I Z T R A N S P O R T
E V O N A J V C F M Z I X G
N N F M B I W B G L A H Y F
B W G L C H B I T S B G Z E
A X H K D G X A H K C F A D
Z Y I J E F Y Z I J D E B C

1.________________ 6. ____________________

2.________________ 7. ____________________

3.________________ 8. ____________________

4.________________ 9. ____________________

5.________________ 10. ___________________

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IV. ASSIMILATION (PAGLALAPAT)
What I have Learned

OSI and TCIP/IP8

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kCuyS7ihr_E&t=175s

OSI MODEL TCP/IP

• OSI has 7 layers whereas • TCP/IP has 4 layers.
• The OSI Model is a logical and • TCP/IP helps you to determine how
conceptual model that defines a specific computer should be
network communication used by connected to the internet and how
systems open to interconnection you can be transmitted between
and communication with other them.
systems. • TCP/IP header size is 20 bytes.
• OSI header is 5 bytes whereas • TCP/IP refers to Transmission
• OSI refers to Open Systems Control Protocol.
Interconnection. • TCP/IP follows a horizontal
• OSI follows a vertical approach. approach.
• OSI model, the transport layer, is • The TCP/IP model is both
only connection-oriented connection-oriented and
• OSI model is developed by ISO connectionless.
(International Standard • TCP Model is developed by
Organization), whereas ARPANET (Advanced Research
• OSI model helps you to standardize Project Agency Network).
router, switch, motherboard, and • TCP/IP helps you to establish a
other hardware. connection between different types
of computers.

Protocols

Network protocols are formal standards and policies comprised of rules, procedures and
formats that define communication between two or more devices over a network.

Commonly Used Network Protocols

TCP - connection-oriented protocol SNMP – managing devices

UDP - connectionless protocol DNS – identify host connection
IP - assigned numerical label TELNET – establish remote connection
HTP - transferring webpages or web sources FTP – transferring files
SMTP – supports email

References:
8
https://www.guru99.com/difference-tcp-ip-vs-osi-
model.html#:~:text=OSI%20refers%20to%20Open%20Systems,both%20connection%2Doriented%20and%20connectionless.

16
 Assessment

Part I. Choose the Letter of the best answer.

1. Which network layer wherein data is chop into segment?
A. Application C. Session
B. Presentation D. Transport
2. Which is the 7 layer of OSI Model?
th

A. Application C. Network
B. Physical D. Transport
3. Which network protocol model is developed by ARPANET?
A. OSI C. UDP
B. TCP/IP D. HTTP
4. Which protocol is connection oriented?
A. OSI C. UDP
B. TCP D. DNS
5. Which protocol is mostly used in transferring files?
A. FTP C. FIT
B. UTP D. UDP
Part II. Match the items in column A that best corresponds with the items in column B.

Column A Column B
6. Application A. Bits
7. Transport B. MAC address
8. Network C. IP address
9. Data link D. Port
10. Physical E. Google Chrome

Part III. Identify the item being describe by each sentence.

___________11. Protocol that establishes the connection between the local and remote
computer
___________12. An IP address that is used to identify the connection of a host to the
internet uniquely
___________13. Protocol used for broadcast and multicast type of network transmission.
___________14. Network layer where in frames encapsulate the packets and use MAC
addresses to identify the source and destination.
___________15. This involves network connections and devices.

V. REFLECTION (PAGNINILAY)
On the following reflections, write only a maximum of 5 sentences.

A. List 5 keywords of what you have learned or best describe the lesson
B. Why is it important to learn about the lesson?
C. How will I apply what I have learned?
D. What are the difficulties I encountered in learning this module?

17
 Answer key
What I know What’s In What’s More
PRETEST Activity 1. Activity 2 Activity 1:
1. B Guide Questions: 1. Message 1. E
2. C 1. MD Shamsul Alam, 2. IP address 2. C
3. B The Weight Control 3. address 3. D
4. C Centre Accounting 4. A
5. B 2. No 5. B
6. C 3. To understand each
7. A other. Activity 2.
8. B 4. Letter 1. UDP, RAM
9. D 2. Transmission Control
10. A Protocol, RAM
11. B 3. CPU
12. B 4. SNMP, RAM
13. A 5. CPU
14. B
15. C Activity 3.
OSI MODEL
Additional Activities
Sender
1. Application
Activity 1 2. Presentation
3. Session
Application Transport Network Data Link Physical 4. Transport
Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer 5. Network
6. Data Link
1.) IP MAC 7. Physical
Message port
Address address Receiver
2.)
Data segments packets frames bits
TCP/IP
Sender
1. Application
ACTIVITY 2 2. Transport
D A T A 3. Network
P S 4. Data Link
5. Physical
A R P E
C O R S
K S T N E M G E S S
E O S I
T C E O
K S N O N
R T L
O S E M A R F
W T
T I T R A N S P O R T
E O
N N
B I T S

In any order
1. DATA 6. PROTOCOL
2. PACKETS 7. PRESENTATION
3. NETWORK 8. SEGMENT
4. SESSION 9. TRANSPORT
5. FRAMES 10. BITS

18
Answer Key for the Assessment

1. D
2. A
3. B
4. B
5. A
6. E
7. D
8. C
9. B
10. D
11. TELNET
12. DNS
13. UDP
14. DATA LINK
15. NETWORK PROTOCOL

19
References:

Geeksforgeeks, 2020 April 2, geeksforgeeks.org, Layers of OSI Model, accessed 16 August

2020, <https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/layers-of-osi-model/>

Geeksforgeeks, 2020 June 28, geeksforgeeks.org, TCP/IP Model, accessed 16 August 2020,
<https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/tcp-ip-model/>

Microchip Technology Inc, 2020, microchip.com, TCP/IP Five-Layer Software Model

Overview, accessed 16 August 2020, <https://microchipdeveloper.com/tcpip:tcp-ip-five-layer-
model>

Technopedia, 2020 April 23, technopedia.com, Network Protocols, accessed 16 August 2020,
< https://www.techopedia.com/definition/12938/network-protocols>

Guru99, 2020,guru99.com, TCP/IP Model: What is TCP IP Stack? Protocol Layers,

Advantages, accessed 16 August 2020, <https://www.guru99.com/tcp-ip-
model.html#:~:text=TCP%2FIP%20Model%20helps%20you,allow%20communication%20ov
er%20large%20distances.>

Guru99, 2020,guru99.com, TCP vs UDP: What's the Difference? , accessed 16 August 2020,
<https://www.guru99.com/tcp-vs-udp-understanding-the-difference.html>

Lithmee, 2018 February 12, differencebetween.com, Difference Between Encapsulation and

Decapsulation, accessed 16 August 2020, <https://www.differencebetween.com/difference-
between-encapsulation-and-vs-
decapsulation/#:~:text=When%20the%20data%20is%20moving,is%20known%20as%20the
%20encapsulation.&text=This%20unpacking%20of%20data%20in%20each%20layer%20is
%20known%20as%20the%20decapsulation.>

Guru99, 2020, guru99.com, TCP/IP vs OSI Model: What's the Difference?, Accessed 16
August 2020, <https://www.guru99.com/difference-tcp-ip-vs-osi-
model.html#:~:text=OSI%20refers%20to%20Open%20Systems,both%20connection%2Dori
ented%20and%20connectionless.>

Flatgrin. 2016 September 30. Model of Communication. YouTube. Retrieved August 16, 2020,
from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-HXa320iTPY

Realpars. 2019 February 2011. What is OSI Model?. YouTube. Retrieved August 16, 2020,
from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ilk7UXzV_Qc&t=125s

CertBros. 2020 April 21. TCP/IP Model Explained | Cisco CCNA 200-301. YouTube. Retrieved
August 16, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OTwp3xtd4dg&t=90s

Bitten Tech. 2017 June 23. Networking Protocols Explained | What Are TCP/IP, UDP, HTTP,
SMTP, FTP. YouTube. Retrieved August 16, 2020, from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_kNTa9y6Is&pbjreload=101

20
dancourses. 2019 October 2019. Each layer of the OSI model and TCP/IP explained.
YouTube. Retrieved August 16, 2020, from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kCuyS7ihr_E&t=175s

Software and Applications

Networking AR, 2017 May 3, Bond University, Google PlayStore, accessed 16 August 2020

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