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12
GENERAL CHEMISTRY
QUARTER 1
Week 5.1

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Toolkit

Schools Division Office of Zamboanga City

Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
Zamboanga City

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WRITTEN BY: NASHBER B. PANDUGA

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SUBJECT & Grade 12

QUARTER 1 WEEK 5 DAY _______________________
GRADE/LEVEL Gen Chem1 dd/mm/yyyy

TOPIC Mass relationships in chemical reaction

LEARNING 13. Explain the concept of limiting in a chemical reaction; identify the
COMPETENCY excess reagent (STEM _GC11MR-Ig-h-40)
IMPORTANT: Do not write anything on this material. Write your answers on the Learner’s
Activity and Assessment Sheets provided separately.

UNDERSTAND
Mass relationships in chemical reaction

One day, you have decided to go on a picnic with your Chemistry Teacher and
classmates. When you checked on your pantry, you have the following ingredients; 12 bread
buns, 4 beef patties and 3 cheese slices. How many cheeseburger sandwiches can you make
from the available raw materials? A hamburger sandwich must have 2 bread buns, one burger
patty and a slice of cheese.

+ + =

Yes, you are right! You will be able to make three (3) cheeseburger sandwiches. Will
there be extra raw materials? What about limited materials? Yes, you are correct! There will
be excess bread buns and beef patty but a limited supply of cheese.

Similarly, the same happens in a chemical reaction. The reactants may be consumed
entirely or partially consumed in a reaction. Hence, the concept of limiting and excess reagents
in a chemical reaction.

WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW?

In the sample given above, forming the cheeseburger sandwiches from the materials
can be associated to a chemical reaction. The reactants are slices of cheese, slices of
bread, and burger patties with the product of cheeseburger sandwiches. The limiting
reagent is the cheese. The six bread buns and one beef patty are in excess. You cannot make
more than 3 cheeseburger sandwiches because all the cheeses have been used up.

What is a limiting reagent?

The reactant used up first in the chemical reaction is called the limiting reagent.
The limiting reagent in a chemical reaction is the substance is totally consumed when the
chemical reaction is completed.

WRITTEN BY: NASHBER B. PANDUGA

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What is the excess reagent?

LET’S
Excess reagents are reactants present in quantities START
greater than what is needed by the reaction. In a chemical TO GO
reaction, reactants that are not used up when the reaction is DEEPER!
finished. The excess reactant remains because there is nothing
with which it can react.

LET US LOOK INTO THIS EXAMPLE

Consider respiration, one of the most common chemical reactions on earth.

C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

What mass of carbon dioxide forms in the reaction of 25 grams of glucose with 40
grams of oxygen?

Let us solve this problem by following the guidelines as listed in the table:
USE THIS GUIDE TO HELP YOU IN THIS LESSON:

1. Determine the balanced chemical equation for the chemical reaction.

2. Convert all given information into moles (most likely, through the use
of molar mass as a conversion factor)
3. Calculate the mole ration from the given information. Compare the
calculated ratio to the actual ratio.
4. Use the amount of limiting reactant to calculate the amount of
product produced.
5. If necessary, calculate how much is left in excess of the non-limiting
reagent.

Step 1: Determine the balanced chemical equation for the chemical reaction.

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

Step 2: Convert all given information into moles (most likely, through the use of molar mass
as a conversion factor)

25 g C6H12O6 x 1 mol = 0.1388 mol C6H12O6

180.06 g

40 g O2 x 1 mol = 1.25 mol O2

32 g

Step 3: Calculate the mole ration from the given information.

Compare the calculated ratio to the actual ratio. The actual
ratio are the coefficient of the reactants in the balanced HELPFUL TIPS!!!
equation. i.Get the number of moles of
each reactant.
ii..Calculate the number of
1.25 mol O2 x 1 mol C6H12O6 = 0.208 mol C6H12O6 moles of product using each
reagent.
6 mol O2
iii.The one yield the smallest
number of moles of product is
the limiting reagent.

WRITTEN BY: NASHBER B. PANDUGA

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0.1388 mol C6H12O6 x 6 mol O2 = 0.8328 mol O2

1 mol C6H12O6
If more than 6 moles of O2 are available per mole of
C6H12O6, the oxygen is in excess and glucose is the
Therefore, the mole limiting reactant. If less than 6 moles of oxygen are
ratio is: (0.8328 mol available per mole of glucose, oxygen is the limiting
reactant. The ratio is 6 mole oxygen per 1 mole of
O2/(0.208 mol C6H12O6 glucose, OR 1 mole oxygen per 1/6 mole glucose.
This means: 6 molO2/ 1 mol C6H12O6

Based on the calculations; glucose is the limiting reagent in the reaction.

Step 4: Use the amount of limiting reactant to calculate the amount of product produced.

For carbon dioxide produced, consider the stoichiometric ratio between the limiting reactant,
glucose, and the product which is the CO2. Based on the balanced chemical equation, the ratio is 1
mole of glucose is to 6 moles of carbon dioxide.

0.1388 mol C6H12O6 x 6 mol CO2 = 0.8328 mol CO2

1 mol C6H12O6

0.8328 mol CO2 x 44 g = 36.64 g of CO2 produced in the reaction

mol

Step 5: If necessary, calculate how much is left in excess of the non-limiting reagent.

0.1388 mol C6H12O6 x 6 mol O2 = 0.8328 mol O2

1 mol C6H12O6

1.25 mol O2 - 0.8328 mol O2 = 0.4172 moles of oxygen left over

Therefore, the limiting reactant in the chemical reaction is the glucose (0.208 mol
C6H12O6), while the oxygen has 0.8328 mole with the total excess of 0.4172 moles of O2 which
cannot be used up due to totally consumed of limiting reactant.

Again, the substance (reagent) that is used up first in the chemical reaction is called the
limiting reagent. The chemical reaction will come to a halt once the limiting reactant is
consumed in the chemical reaction. While, the excess reagents are those substances that
will remain because there is nothing with which it can react at all.

LET US TRY TO WORK ON THIS! (Write your answers on the separate

sheet provided)

Consider the reaction: H2 (g) + N2 (g) = NH3 (g), if 25.5 g H2 are made to react
with 64.2 g N2:

SAQ 1: What is the limiting reactant? What is the

implication of its presence in the reaction?

SAQ 2: What is the excess reactant? What is the

implication of its presence in the reaction?

SAQ 3: What happens to the chemical reaction

once the limiting reactant is consumed?

WRITTEN BY: NASHBER B. PANDUGA

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Let’s Practice! (Answer on the separate sheets provided.)

1. Consider the reaction: H2(g) + N2 (g) → NH3 (g)

If 6.60 moles H2 are made to react with 4.42 moles N2, what is the limiting reagent? How many
moles NH3 will be produced? What reagent is in excess and by how much? Determine which
reagent will produce the smallest amount of product:

2. Ibuprofen is a common pain killer used by many people around the globe. It has the
formula C13H18O2. If 200 grams of Ibuprofen is combusted, how much carbon dioxide is
produced? The reaction is:

C13H18O2 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

REMEMBER
Key Points
 Chemical reaction

 Chemical reaction is the process in which one or more substances are changed into
one or more new substances.
 The reactant used up first in the chemical reaction is called the limiting reagent.
 The limiting reagent in a chemical reaction is the substance is totally consumed
when the chemical reaction is completed.
 Excess reagents are reactants present in quantities greater than what is needed by
the reaction.
 In a chemical reaction, reactants that are not used up when the reaction is finished.
The excess reactant remains because there is nothing with which it can react

How to find the limiting reagent and the excess reagent by looking at the
number of moles of each reactant.

1. Determine the balanced chemical equation for the chemical reaction.

2. Convert all given information into moles (most likely, through the use
of molar mass as a conversion factor)
3. Calculate the mole ration from the given information. Compare the
calculated ratio to the actual ratio.
4. Use the amount of limiting reactant to calculate the amount of
product produced.
5. If necessary, calculate how much is left in excess of the non-limiting
reagent.

WRITTEN BY: NASHBER B. PANDUGA

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TRY
Let’s see how much have you learned today! Checking of balanced chemical
Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer. reaction is necessary!
(Answer on the Learner’s Activity and Assessment sheets.)

4. What is the limiting reagent if 78

WHAT HAVE I LEARNED? grams of Na2O2 were reacted with
29.4 grams of H20?

a. 1.001 mol Na2O2 c. 1.633 mol.

1. What is a limiting reagent? H20
b. 78 g Na2O2 d. 29.4 g
a. The reactant that is used up last and H20
prevent more product from being made
b. The reactant that is never used up 5. How much the excess reagent
c. The reactant that is used up first and remains if 24.5 grams of CoO is
prevent more products from being reacted with 2.58 grams of O2?
made.
d. The reactant that is in excess and does Consider the reaction:
not get used up in the reaction.
CoO + O2 → Co2O3

2. The reaction N2 (g) + 2O2 (g) → N2O4(g) a. 0.0806 mol O2

occurs in a closed container. If 8.0 moles b. 0.327 mol CoO
N2(g) are made to react with 12.0 moles c. 0.0046 mol O2
O2, the limiting reagent and the theoretical d. 0.0046 mol CoO
yield of N2O4 are:
a. The limiting reagent is N2; the
theoretical yield of N2O4 is 8.0 moles. WANT MORE?
b. The limiting reagent is N2; the
theoretical yield of N2O4 is 16.0 moles.
c. The limiting reagent is O2; the Always show your solution!
theoretical yield of N2O4 is 6.0 moles.
d. The limiting reagent is O2; the Problem 01:
theoretical yield of N2O4 is 8.0 moles.
Silicon nitride is a very hard, high-
Refer to item no. 3: temperature-resistant ceramic used as a
component of turbine blades in jet
Silver metal reacts with sulfur to form silver engines. It is prepared according to the
sulfide according to the following reaction: following equation:

Ag(s) + S(s) → Ag2S(s) Si (s) + N2 (g) → Si3N4 (s)

Identify the limiting reagent if 50.0 Ag react with Which is the limiting reactant when 2.00
10.0 g S. g Si and 1.50 g of N2 react?

3. Which of the reactants is a non-limiting

reagent? Problem 02:

a. Ag c.Ag2S If 4.95 grams of ethylene (C2H4) are

b. S d. A & B combusted with 3.25 grams of oxygen.
What is the limiting reagent?

WRITTEN BY: NASHBER B. PANDUGA

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Department of Education, Senior High School - General Chemistry 1

Teaching Guide, EC-TEC Commercial, No. 32 St. Louis Compound 7,
Baesa, Quezon City, Philippines, page 95-104

“Limiting reagent” retrieved June 25, 2020 from

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/limiting_reagent

Petrucci, Ralph H., Willian S. Harwood, Geoffrey F. Herring, and

Jeffrey D. Madura. General Chemistry. 9th ed. New Jersey: Pearsin
REFERENCE/S
Prentice Hall, 2007. Retrieved June 24, 2020 from
http://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/chemical-reactions-
stoichiometry/identifying-limiting-reactant.

“Limiting reagent” retrieved June 24, 2020 from

https://chem.libretextx.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Modules_
and_Websites_(Inorganic Chemistry)/Chemical_Reaction/Limiting
Reagents

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WRITTEN BY: NASHBER B. PANDUGA