Introduction to the Philosophy

of the Human Person

Quarter 2 – Module 4:
Philosophy and Disability

Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person

Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 4: Philosophy and Disability
First Edition, 2020

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 Introduction to the
Philosophy of the Human
Person

Quarter 2 – Module 4:
Philosophy and Disability

ii
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Senior High School core subject - Introduction to the Philosophy of
the Human Person Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on the Philosophy and
Disability. This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by
educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person’s Alternative
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on the Philosophy and Disability.

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands one may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
are capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

iii

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check what you
already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current
lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in
various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.
 What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This
aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice to

solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help you
transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery

in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to

you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

iv
The following are some reminders in using this module:
a) Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. b) Do not
forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included
in the module.
c) Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
d) Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
e) Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
f) Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
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not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 v

What I Need to Know

This module entitled Philosophy and Disability shall look more deeply into the
appreciation for the talents of persons with disabilities and those from the
underprivileged sectors of society.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. understand philosophy in the context of disabilities,
2. appreciate the talents of persons with disabilities and those from the
underprivileged sectors of society and their contributions to society, 3. perform
activities that demonstrate the talents of persons with disabilities and those
from the underprivileged sectors of society.

What I Know
Direction: Tick the column YES if the statement is correct and NO if it is not.
Statement YES NO

1. Authentic dialogue is accepting others regardless of individual

differences.

2. Objective means factually true while subjective is based on an

opinion, or a biased viewpoint, and not on hard facts.

3. If we are authentic, then we would be caring and careful to

explain or make a dialogue which better suits the individual
traits and bring the best of them and others as human.

4. Martin Buber was a Jewish philosopher who became famous

through his 1923 philosophical writings

5. For Heidegger, a conversation attempts to articulate who and

what we are, not as particular individuals but as human beings.

6. Intersubjectivity means a subjective interaction between two

persons or among more subjective minds where there is an
involvement of opinion.

7. Jurgen Habermas was a German sociologist and philosopher

who introduces a path leading to mutual understanding
through his theory of communication.

8. Humankind as a conversation is more than an idle talk but a

dialogue is a statement of Martin Heidegger.

9. “I-Thou” relationship of Buber stated that both subjects share a

sense of caring, respect, commitment, and responsibility.

10. “I-It” relationship of Buber states that it lacks authentic

existence for it is not socially growing or developing perhaps
only gaining knowledge about the object.
 1

Modu Philosophy and Disability

le 4
Thinking clearly about persons with disability (PWDs) and unprivileged
sectors of society can advance philosophy
as a whole, by identifying and correcting
biases such as views based on so-called
normal individuals that may neglect or
block rare, under-represented kinds of
people. This helps ensure both the
neutrality and the generality of
philosophical views.

What’s In
Direction: Answer the following questions below on a separate sheet of paper.

https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/issues/disability/

1. Give five (5) words that you can associate with the pictures.
a. ___________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________
c. ___________________________________________
d. ___________________________________________
e. ___________________________________________

2. What is intersubjectivity? How is it related with respect?

3. How do you deal with the persons with disabilities and underprivileged?
4. What problems do underprivileged and people with disabilities face in the
Philippines?
5. What things do you think disability rights groups campaign for?
 2

What’s New
Activity 101
Directions: Know a short background of the people shown below and search on
their ability of self-improvement despite of their disabilities, then write
their contributions on a separate sheet.

https://www.sunrisemedical.co.uk/blog/famous-people-with-disabilities
_____________________________
https://www.sunrisemedical.co.uk/blog/famous-people-with disabilities
Name: Stephen Hawking
Disabilities: _________________ Name: Nick Vujicic
_____________________________ Disabilities: _________________
His ability of self-improvement: _____________________________ His ability of self-
_____________________________ improvement: _____________________________
Contribution: _______________ Contribution: _______________
_____________________________

http://old.gaates.org/regions/asia-pacific-regions/ https://www.depedrovcatanduanes.com/files/11-Intro-to-Philo AS-v1.0.pdf

Name: Ronnel Del Rio Name: Ana Kristina Arce

Disabilities: _________________ Disabilities: _________________
_____________________________ His ability of self- _____________________________ His ability of self-
improvement: _____________________________ improvement: _____________________________
Contribution: _______________ Contribution: _______________
_____________________________ _____________________________

The treatment of disability as a subject of philosophical interest is relatively

new although philosophers have always lived among people who could not see,
walk, or hear; who had limited mobility, comprehension or longevity, or chronic
illnesses of various sorts.

What is It
Philosophy and Disability

Disability looks much like sex or race as a philosophical topic (Stanford

Encyclopedia of Philosophy). It concerns the classification of people on the basis of
observed or inferred characteristics.

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy clearly stated that, there is little interest

now in the question of whether, in a world without discrimination, blacks or women
would do better or worse on various metrics of well-being than whites or men. In
contrast, there is considerable interest in this question when the subject is people
with disabilities. Some philosophers and disability scholars claim that no different
than in the case of race or sex: to the extent that disability reduces well-being, it is
because of the stigma and discrimination it evokes. In contrast, other philosophers
claim that disability is fundamentally different from race and gender in that it
necessarily reduces well-being: even in a utopian world of non-discrimination,
people with blindness, deafness or paraplegia would be worse off than their able-
bodied counterparts. This is but one example of the many ways that disability
generates philosophical debate about some of our most familiar ethical, political,
and epistemological concepts.

Anita Silvers, a Professor of Philosophy at San Francisco State University and

is well known for her writings on philosophy and disability explained two ways in
which philosophical studies of disability differ from how this subject is pursued in
most other academic fields:
a. Philosophy of disability has not been spun off as a sub-specialty but instead is
being integrated into whatever discussions of central philosophical issues invite
challenges to normalizing assumptions.
b. Second is the methodological distinction between the ways philosophy studies
disability and its treatment by the interdisciplinary field of disability studies.

The philosophical study of disability keeps this as an open question. Clearly,

applying philosophical rigor and insight to weigh the ways these realities are related
grows ever more important. For the demand to refine and elevate thinking about our
personal and cultural responses to disability becomes ever more pressing as we face
the social policy implications of our capacity for biological intervention, as well as
an
increasing population of weak elderly people and disabled people.

4
Definitions of Disability
a. Synonym for “inability” or as a reference to legally imposed limitations on rights
and powers (The Oxford English Dictionary, 2006).

b. The term covers such diverse conditions as the congenital absence or

adventitious loss of a limb or a sensory function; progressive neurological
conditions like multiple sclerosis; chronic diseases like arteriosclerosis; the
inability or limited ability to perform such cognitive functions as remembering
faces or calculating
 sums; and psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
(Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy).

c. Many different characteristics are considered disabilities. Paraplegia, deafness,

blindness, diabetes, autism, epilepsy, depression, and HIV and even mental
incapability have all been classified as “disabilities.” (Stanford Encyclopedia of
Philosophy).

d. Disability means a physical or a mental impairment that substantially limits one

or more psychological, physiological or anatomical function of an individual or
activities of such individual.

Definitions of Persons with Disability

a. These are the persons that have impairment that may be cognitive,
developmental, intellectual, mental, physical, sensory, or some combination of
these. It substantially affects a person's life activities and may be present from
birth or occur during a person's lifetime.

b. PWDs are those suffering from restriction or different abilities, as a result of a

mental, physical or sensory impairment, to perform an activity in the manner or
within the range considered normal (Republic Act (R.A) no. 7277 or the Magna
Carta for the Disabled Persons, Persons with disabilities or PWDs)

Different Kinds of Disabilities

According to the World Health Organization, 1 billion people – one in seven –
have some form of disability. It is important to remember that disability can be
quite complex and two people with the same type of disability may not have the
same experiences. Also, 90% of disabilities are invisible – so while you may not see
any visible signs, the disability can still be a part of someone’s day-to-day life.
Below are the different kinds of disabilities:

a. Intellectual Disability - characterized by an IQ below 70 (the median IQ is 100),

and significant difficulty with daily living such as self-care, safety,
communication, and socialization.

5
Intellectual Disability may be caused by:
∙ Genetic Condition
∙ Problem during Pregnancy and Birth
∙ Health Problems or Illness
∙ Environmental Factors

Types of Intellectual Disability

∙ Down syndrome is not a disease or illness, it is a genetic disorder which occurs
when someone is born with a full, or partial, extra copy of chromosome 21 in
their DNA. Down syndrome is the most common genetic chromosomal
disorder and cause of learning disabilities in children.
∙ FXS (Fragile X Syndrome) is the most common known cause of an inherited
 intellectual disability worldwide. FXS is a genetic condition caused by a
mutation (a change in the DNA structure) in the X chromosome. People born
with Fragile X syndrome may experience a wide range of physical,
developmental, behavioral, and emotional difficulties; however, the level of
severity can be very varied.

b. Physical Disability - may affect, either temporarily or permanently, a person’s

physical capacity and/or mobility. Whilst there are tests available for some
physical disabilities, they are often diagnosed through observations of a person’s
development, behavior, and physical capabilities.

Physical Disability may be caused by:

∙ Inherited or Genetic Disorders
∙ Serious Illnesses
∙ Injury

Types of Physical Disability

∙ Acquired brain injuries are due to damage that happens to the brain after
birth. They can be caused through a wide range of factors including a blow to
the head, stroke, alcohol or drugs, infection, disease such as AIDs or cancer,
or a lack of oxygen.

∙ Cerebral palsy is associated with movement, muscle tone, and posture –

‘Cerebral’ refers to the brain and ‘palsy’ means weakness or lack of muscle
control. Typically, it is due to an injury to the developing brain before or during
birth, caused by a reduced blood supply and lack of oxygen to the brain.

∙ Dwarfism is short stature (abnormal skeletal growth) which can be caused by

over 300 genetic or medical conditions. It is generally defined as an adult
height of 4 feet 10 inches or less, with the average height of someone with
dwarfism being 4 feet.

6
c. Mental Illness is a general term that refers to a group of illnesses that
significantly affects how a person feels, thinks, behaves, and interacts with other
people. A mental illness can cause problems in your daily life, such as at school
or work, or in relationships. Mental illnesses can be very difficult and
debilitating to those experiencing them, as well as their families and friends.
They can also be permanent, temporary, or come and go.

Types of Mental Illness

∙ Bipolar disorder (formerly known as manic depression), causes extreme mood
swings including emotional highs (mania) as well as extreme lows
(depression). These mood swings come in ‘cycles’ which can last days, weeks
or even months.

∙ Depression is a mental illness which significantly affects the way someone

feels, causing a persistent lowering of their mood and feelings of dejection
and loss.

d. Sensory Disability - is a disability of the senses (e.g. sight, hearing, smell, touch,
 taste). As 95% of the information about the world around us comes from our
sight and hearing, a sensory disability can affect how a person gathers
information from the world around them.

Types of Sensory Disability

∙ Blindness and Low Vision - a person is considered legally blind if they cannot
see at six meters what someone with normal vision can see at 60 meters or if
their field of vision is less than 20 degrees in diameter. A person is said to
have low vision when they have permanent vision loss which affects their day
to day and cannot be corrected with glasses.
∙ Hearing loss (deafness), also known as a hearing impairment, is the partial or
total inability to hear. If someone has very little or no hearing, the term ‘deaf’
may be used. Damage to any part of the external, middle, or inner ear can
cause hearing loss which can range from being mild to profound

Discussion Questions:
1. How challenging is Covid19 pandemics for People with Disability or PWD? 2.
What are the advantages and disadvantages in Philippine education for
students with disability?
3. Which among of the types of disabilities do you think is the most challenging?

7
Inspiring Stories of Persons with Disability

Gilda Quintua-Nakahara
"A Successful Deaf Entrepreneur"

To run her business and talk to people, Gilda

uses her hands — either through pen and paper or
Filipino Sign Language.
The definition of a successful Deaf
Entrepreneur, she runs a travel and tour business
called Nakahara Lodging and Travel Agency. Catering
to those like her, it is primarily a travel service for deaf
people around the world, though they also provide
services for hearing people.
Drawing inspiration from foreign deaf friends,
she and her fellow deaf Pinoys met in tourist spots,
and she decided to set up her own business in 2004.

https://www.depedrovcatanduanes.com/files/11-Intro-to-Philo-AS-v1.0.pdf

In 2007, she was recognized at the Go Negosyo Caravan for People with
Disabilities in De La Salle – College of St. Benilde. But, as she said in her interview
with Manila Bulletin, representing the fellow deaf is its own reward. “As a deaf
person in this kind of business, I am proud to say that I have crossed the border of
so-called limited access. I honestly worked hard to achieve my goals. I wanted to
show the world that we are not cut off from mainstream society and we are capable
of regularly doing and keeping our jobs like the rest of hearing and speaking
people.” Aside from all of this, Gilda has helped establish a deaf organization in her
province of Eastern Samar.
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt
A beloved U.S. president who helped guide
the nation successfully through World War II,
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt is considered a
great president and the entire time he was in office,
FDR was also a wheelchair-user. Upon starting his
political career in gusto, he contracted polio while
drinking water at a campground and became
paralyzed from the waist down.
Even though it was not made public until
years later that he could not walk for fear of the
public doubting his competency, FDR proved
paralysis was not a roadblock to being a great leader.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Franklin-D
Roosevelt

Discussion Question:
1. How can you prove that “disability is not a hindrance to success”?

8
Appreciating PWD Talents
Disability and unprivileged situations, in everyday thought, are associated
with failure, with dependency and with not being able to do things. The unprivileged
people like a security guard are sometimes overlooked assets during disaster
response who are always taken for granted. We feel sorry for these people, because
we imagine it must be miserable to be disabled and unprivileged. These are the
reasons why they need more helping hands to support and an open mind to
understand their situation. Laica Gairanod, the winner in “The Voice Kids” of ABS
CBN proved that she has still the talent to compete and show the world even if her
family collected plastic materials, bottles, and other recyclable items for added
income. Poverty did not hinder her desire to reach for her dreams.

Always put ourselves in the shoes of others before judging them. If we always
remember this, perhaps we would turn out to be more accepting of disability and be
less prejudiced.

Here are some tips on how we will appreciate the talents of PWD’s: 1. Focus on the
person’s capabilities. Do not be so focused on a person’s disability that you do
not see the person.
2. Be respectful.
3. Show and give support for their talents.
4. Be amazed of who they are instead of what we see.
5. Put yourself on their shoes.
6. Provide fair equality of opportunity.
Discussion Question:
1. What are the other ways to appreciate the talents of PWD’s?
2. Why do you think that we should treat the person with disability with respect
and not with pity?

What’s More
Direction: A. Choose one topic below and write a short essay about it.

a. “Underprivileged People and PWDs Can Be Successful Too”

b. “My Appreciation to the PWDs Talents”
c. “The Courageous Story of _____ (name a PWDs you know)”

Criteria:
Content and Development 10
Organization and Structure 5
Grammar, Punctuation, and Spelling 5
20 points*
*see the attached rubric

What I Have Learned

Direction: A. Put the lacking concepts/phrases/sentences to complete the table
below.
Understanding Disabilities

Kinds of Disabilities Description Causes Types

Intellectual Disability

Physical Disability

Mental Illness

Sensory Disability

Direction: B. Complete the sentences below:

In this lesson, I have learned that:

1________________________________________________________________________
_ __________________________________________________________
2.________________________________________________________________________
 _ _________________________________________________________
3.________________________________________________________________________
_ _________________________________________________________

But I am slightly confused about

___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

I want to learn more on

___________________________________________________________________________
___

______________________________________________________

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What I Can Do
Empathizing PWDs!

1. Shoot a minute video performing an activity that demonstrates the talent of

persons with disability.

Examples of activity:
∙ Sing blindfolded
∙ Dance on the wheelchair
∙ Draw/paint using feet or mouth

Notes to the Teacher

Let the students choose one activity to perform. They can pre-record it
or show it during one of your online live sessions.

Assessment

Directions: Read carefully and encircle True if the statement is correct. Encircle
False if it is a wrong statement.
1. People with disabilities cannot work. True False

2. The unprivileged people are sometimes overlooked assets True False

during disaster response in any disaster.
3. People with disabilities want to be respected and have the True False
same opportunities as people without disabilities.

4. The poem “No Man is an Island” expresses that human True False
beings do badly when isolated from others and need to be
part of a community in order to prosper.

5. Through communication, people can confirm the validity of True False

our emotions.

6. “Intersubjectivity” refers to the most basic sense to the True False

interaction between two subjects.

7. People with disabilities always need help to accomplish every True False
day activities.

11
8. We are all unique individuals born with unique talents and True False
abilities living in a community and part of a society.

9. We benefit from Jobs’ Apple creations, Edison’s light bulb, True False
Ford’s automotive ideas or our mom’s cooking.

10.According to the World Health Organization, 1 billion True False

people – one in seven – have some form of disability.

11.Laica Gairanod’s family collected plastic materials, bottles, True False

and other recyclable items for added income.

12.The intersubjective field is an area of common engagement True False

in which my individual subjectivity is articulated and
communicated.

13.When someone is imposing something upon us, he or she is True False

trying to remove our freedom of choice and overstepping our
boundaries.

14.Peace Talks between Duterte’s government and the True False

Communist Parties of the Philippines is an example of
Authentic Dialogue.

15.Authentic dialogue is an exchange of information and views True False

on a subject where both participants have to adjust their
attitudes and views, depends on new information being
exchanged.

16.People who are marginalized may still be seen as significant True False
contributors to society through their talents, skills, and
capabilities.

17.Promote social inclusion in schools is one way to make True False

society more inclusive for People with Disabilities.

18.To resolve differences and conflicts, we should engage in a True False

dialogue wherein we will experience ourselves as bonded to
the person with whom we are speaking and making
understanding with.

19.Those who have physical disabilities or socioeconomic True False

challenges should be seen as individuals with the same
 potential and talents as anybody else.

20.Intersubjectivity promotes a sense of community and unity True False

among individuals.

Source: Dangcalan, Meriam. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. Quezon City: ERC Publishing House, 2018

12
Key Yes 10. Yes 9.
Yes 8.
Yes 7.
Yes 6.
Yes 5.
Yes 4.
Yes 3.
persons
Disabled
Depression hands
Helping
Wheelchair
Disability

Answer

(sample
Yes 2. Injury ∙
Serious Illnesses ∙
touch, taste).

Answers) Answers may Yes 1.

Inherited or Genetic Disorders ∙

vary What’s In What I Know

Hearing loss (deafness),

Vision
Blindness and Low
(e.g. sight, hearing, smell, is a disability Dwarfism Inherited or Genetic Disorders ∙ behaves, and interacts with other how a
of the senses b. Cerebral palsy person feels, thinks, illnesses that
people. Acquired brain injuries significantly affects
Injury ∙
Disability Sensory
Serious Illnesses ∙
Inherited or Genetic Disorders ∙
Syndrome)
Depression (Fragile X FXS
Down syndrome Environmental Factors ∙ Health
Bipolar disorder mobility.
Problems or Illness ∙ Birth
Injury ∙ person’s physical capacity and/or
Problem during Pregnancy and ∙ Genetic
Serious Illnesses ∙ temporarily or permanently, a
Condition ∙

socialization.
safety,
communication, and
care, - daily living
such as self and
significant difficulty
with characterized by
an IQ below 70

Mental Illness

Disability
Physical

Disability
Intellectual

Disabilities
Causes Description
Types
Kinds of
Understanding Disabilities

What I Have Learned

13
 arts and she went on to become a graphic artist at her alma mater,
CSB.s was on the multimedia Benilde (CSB) with a degree in
Applied Deaf studies. Her focu
College of Saint - he graduated magna cum laude from the De La Salle
S Contribution: and
hope in her speeches.
Without a sound, she is able to communicate passion improvement: - His ability of self
Mute and Deaf Disabilities:
Ana Kristina Arce

accessible services not only in his area but in the rest of the country.
Striving to be a voice for the unheard PWDs in the Philippines, pushed for
Contribution: Philippines faced. national issues as well as issues that the community
of PWDs in the discussed , of reason and awareness improvement: Used his voice -
His ability of self broadcast journalist blind Disabilities:
Ronnel Del Rio

ng internationally and focusing on teen issues. speaker, traveli

profit organization; became a motivational - President and CEO of his non Contribution:
realizing that his accomplishments could inspire others.
eventually but Bullied for being limbless, struggled improvement: - His
ability of self our limbs. amelia syndrome, the absence of all f -
tetra Disabilities:
Nick Vujicic

cosmology.
the universe and scientific achievements, from gravitational singularities to quantum
nspiring generations of scientists, his
contributions have changed our
understanding of i
Contribution: The late Stephen Hawking is an icon of modern physics. As well
as scientific
 world.
improvement: Continued to make seminal contributions to the - His ability of self
ability to speak
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), paralyzed and lose his Disabilities: diagnosed with
Name: Stephen Hawking

What’s New

Essay Rubrics

14
References

Dangcalan, Meriam. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. Quezon

City: ERC Publishing House, 2018

Lumaas, Rheybelle, et.al., Appreciating the Talents of PWDs Group. Oct. 10, 2018,
https://prezi.com/p/vo9a08btfoup/appreciating-talents-of-pwd/

iHope. Intersubjectivity - Intro to the Philosophy of the Human Person. Jul 22, 2018,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=03A4oVPlhoI

Department of Education Catanduanes. Introduction to The Philosophy of

the Human Person Activity Sheets (First Quarter). June 2016.
https://www.depedrovcatanduanes.com/files/11-Intro-to-Philo-AS-v1.0.pdf

Silvers, Anita. Philosophy Now, A Magazine of Ideas Article. 2000.

https://philosophynow.org/issues/30/Philosophy_and_Disability_an_overvie
w

VCU Libraries Social Welfare History Project. Disability.

https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/issues/disability/

Rcampus. iRubric: Short Essay Questions Rubric.

https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?sp=yes&code=N4AA82&
 15
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Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph

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