Circles

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10 CIRCLES

INTRODUCTION

Circle : The collection of all the points in a plane, which are at a fixed distance from a fixed point in the plane,
is called a circle.
The fixed point is called the centre of the circle and the fixed distance is called the radius of the circle.

In figure, O is the centre and the length OP is the radius of the circle. So the line segment joining the centre
and any point on the circle is called a radius of the circle.
Chord : If we take two points P and Q on a circle, then the line segment PQ is called a chord of the circle.

Diameter : The chord which passes through the centre of the circle, is called the diameter of the circle.

A diameter is the longest chord and all diameters of same circle have the same length, which is equal to two
times the radius. In figure, AOB is a diameter of circle.
Arc : A piece of a circle between two points is called an arc. The longer one is called the major arc PQ and
the shorter one is called the minor arc PQ. The minor arc PQ is also de-remarked by PQ and the major arc PQ
by QP . When P and Q are ends of a diameter, then both arcs are equal and each is called a semi circle.

Circumference : The length of the complete circle is called its circumference.


Segment : The region between a chord and either of its arcs is called a segment of the circular region or simply
a segment of the circle. There are two types of segments which are the major segment and the minor segment
(as in figure).

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Sector : The region between an arc and the two radii, joining the centre to the end points of an arc is called a
sector. Minor arc corresponds to the minor sector and the major arc corresponds to the major sector.

When two arcs are equal, then both segments and both sectors become the same and each is known as a semi-
circular region.

A. CHORD PROPERTIES OF CIRCLES

(a) Important theorems related to chords


Theorem : Equal chords of a circle subtend equal angles at the centre.
Given : AB and CD are the two equal chords of a circle with centre O.
To Prove : AOB = COD.
Proof : In  AOB and COD,
OA = OC [Radii of a circle]
OB = OD [Radii of a circle]
AB = CD [Given]
 AOB  COD [By SSS congruency]
 AOB = COD. [By CPCT] Hence Proved.
Converse :
If the angles subtended by the chords of a circle at the centre are equal, then the chords are
equal.
Theorem : The perpendicular from the centre of a circle to a chord bisects the chord.
Given : A circle with centre O. AB is a chord of this circle. OM ⊥ AB.
To Prove : MA = MB.
Construction : Join OA and OB.
Proof : In right triangles OMA and OMB,
OA = OB [Radii of a circle]
OM = OM [Common]
OMA = OMB [90º each]
 OMA  OMB [By RHS]
 MA = MB [By CPCT] Hence Proved.
Converse :
The line drawn through the centre of a circle to bisect a chord is perpendicular to the chord.
Theorem : There is one and only one circle passing through three given non-collinear points.
Proof : Take three points A, B and C, which are not in the same line, or in other words, they are not
collinear [as in figure ]. Draw perpendicular bisectors of AB and BC say, PQ and RS respectively. Let
these perpendicular bisectors intersect at one point O.(REMARK that PQ and RS will intersect because
they are not parallel) [as in figure].

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 O lies on the perpendicular bisector PQ of AB.
 OA = OB
[ Every point on the perpendicular bisector of a line segment is equidistant from its end points]
Similarly,
 O lies on the perpendicular bisector RS of BC.
 OB = OC
[ Every point on the perpendicular bisector of a line segment is equidistant from its end points]
So, OA = OB = OC
i.e., the points A, B and C are at equal distances from the point O.
So, if we draw a circle with centre O and radius OA it will also pass through B and C. This shows that
there is a circle passing through the three points A, B and C. We know that two lines (perpendicular
bisectors) can intersect at only one point, so we can draw only one circle with radius OA. In other
words, there is a unique circle passing through A, B and C. Hence Proved.

Solved Examples

Example.1 In figure, AB = CB and O is the centre of the circle. Prove that BO bisects ABC.
Solution. Given : In figure, AB = CB and O is the centre of the circle.
To Prove : BO bisects ABC.
Construction : Join OA and OC.

Proof : In OAB and OCB,


OA = OC [Radii of the same circle]
AB = CB [Given]
OB = OB [Common]
 OAB  OCB [By SSS congruency]
 ABO = CBO [By CPCT]
 BO bisects ABC. Hence Proved.

Example.2 Two circles with centres A and B intersect at C and D. Prove that ACB = ADB.
Solution. Given : Two circles with centres A and B intersect at C and D.
To Prove : ACB = ADB.
Construction : Join AC, AD, BC, BD and AB.
Proof : In  ACB and  ADB,
AC = AD [Radii of the same circle]
BC = BD [Radii of the same circle]
AB = AB [Common]
  ACB   ADB [By SSS congruency]
 ACB = ADB. [By CPCT] Hence Proved.

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Example.3 In figure, AB  AC and O is the centre of the circle. Prove that OA is the perpendicular
bisector of BC.
Solution. Given : In figure, AB  AC and O is the centre of the circle.
To Prove : OA is the perpendicular bisector of BC.
Construction : Join OB and OC.
Proof :
 AB  AC [Given]
 chord AB = chord AC.
[If two arcs of a circle are congruent, then their corresponding
chords are equal]
 AOB = AOC ...(i)
[ Equal chords of a circle subtend equal angles at the centre]
In OBD and OCD,
DOB = DOC [From (i)]
OB = OC [Radii of the same circle]
OD = OD [Common]
 OBD  OCD [By SAS congruency]
 ODB = ODC ...(ii) [By CPCT]
And, BD = CD ...(iii) [By CPCT]
But BDC = 180º
 ODB + ODC = 180º
 ODB + ODB = 180º [From equation(ii)]
 2ODB = 180º
 ODB = 90º
 ODB = ODC = 90º ...(iv) [From (ii)]
So, by (iii) and (iv), OA is the perpendicular bisector of BC. Hence Proved.

Example.4 Prove that the line joining the mid-points of the two parallel chords of a circle passes through
the centre of the circle.
Solution. Let AB and CD be two parallel chords of a circle whose centre is O.
Let L and M be the mid-points of the chords AB and CD respectively. Join OL and OM.
Draw OX || AB or CD.

 L is the mid-point of the chord AB and O is the centre of the circle


 OLB = 90º
[ The perpendicular drawn from the centre of a circle to a chord bisects the chord]
But, OX || AB
 LOX = 90º ...(i)
[ Sum of the consecutive interior angles on the same side of a transversal is 180º]
 M is the mid-point of the chord CD and O is the centre of the circle
 OMD = 90º
[ The perpendicular drawn from the centre of a circle to a chord bisects the chord]
But OX || CD ...(ii)
[ Sum of the consecutive interior angles on the same side of a transversal is 180º]
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 MOX = 90º
From above equations, we get
LOX + MOX = 90º + 90º = 180º
 LOM = 180º
 LM is a straight line passing through the centre of the circle. Hence Proved.

Example.5  is a line which intersects two concentric circles (i.e., circles with the same centre) with
common centre O at A, B, C and D (as in figure). Prove that AB = CD.
Solution. Given :  is a line which intersects two concentric circles (i.e., circles with the same centre)
with common centre O at A, B, C and D.
To Prove : AB = CD.
Construction : Draw OE ⊥ .
Proof :  The perpendicular drawn from the centre of a circle to a
chord bisects the chord.
 AE = ED ...(i)
And BE = EC ...(ii)
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
AE – BE = ED – EC  AB = CD. Hence Proved.

Example.6 PQ and RS are two parallel chords of a circle whose centre is O and radius is 10 cm. If PQ = 16
cm and RS = 12 cm, find the distance between PQ and RS, if they lie
(i) on the same side of the centre O.
(ii) on the opposite sides of the centre O.
Solution. (i) Draw the perpendicular bisectors OL and OM of PQ and RS respectively.
 PQ || RS
 OL and OM are in the same line.
 O, L and M are collinear.
Join OP and OR.
In right triangle OLP,
OP2 = OL2 + PL2 [By Pythagoras Theorem]
2
1 
 (10) = OL +   PQ 
2 2

2 
[ The perpendicular drawn from the centre of a circle to a chord bisects the chord]
2
1 
 100 = OL +   16 
2

2 
 100 = OL2 + (8)2  100 = OL2 + 64
 OL2 = 100 – 64  OL2 = 36 = (6)2
 OL = 6 cm
In right triangle OMR,
OR2 = OM2 + RM2 [By Pythagoras Theorem]
2
1 
 OR = OM +   RS 
2 2

2 
[ The perpendicular drawn from the centre of a circle to a chord bisects the chord]
2
1 
 (10) = OM +   12 
2 2
 (10)2 = OM2 + (6)2
2 
 OM2 = (10)2 – (6)2 = (10 – 6)(10 + 6) = (4)(16) = 64 = (8)2.
 OM = 8 cm
 LM = OM – OL = 8 – 6 = 2 cm.
Hence, the distance between PQ and RS, if they lie on the same side of the centre O, is 2 cm.
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(ii) Draw the perpendicular bisectors OL and OM of PQ and RS respectively.
 PQ || RS
 OL and OM are in the same line.
 L, O and M are collinear.
Join OP and OR.
In right triangle OLP,
OP2 = OL2 + PL2 [By Pythagoras Theorem]
2
1 
 OP2 = OL2 +   PQ 
2 
[ The perpendicular drawn from the centre of a circle to a chord bisects the chord]
2
1 
 (10)2 = OL2 +   16 
2 
 100 = OL2 + (8)2  100 = OL2 + 64
 OL2 = 100 – 64  OL2 = 36 = (6)2
 OL = 6 cm.
In right triangle OMR,
OR2 = OM2 + RM2 [By Pythagoras Theorem]
2
1 
 OR2 = OM2 +   RS 
2 
[ The perpendicular drawn from the centre of a circle to a chord bisects the chord]
2
1 
 (10)2 = OM2 +   12 
2 
 (10)2 = OM2 + (6)2
 OM2 = (10)2 – (6)2
= (10 – 6)(10 + 6) = (4)(16) = 64 = (8)2.
 OM = 8 cm
 LM = OL + OM = 6 + 8 = 14 cm
Hence, the distance between PQ and RS, if they lie on the opposite side of the centre O, is 14 cm.
Theorem : Equal chords of a circle (or of congruent circles) are equidistant from the
centre (or centres).
Given : A circle have two equal chords AB & CD. i.e. AB = CD and OM
⊥ AB, ON ⊥ CD.
To Prove : OM = ON
Construction : Join OB & OD
Proof : AB = CD (Given)
[ The perpendicular drawn from the centre of a circle to a chord bisects the chord]
1 1
 AB = CD  BM = DN
2 2
In OMB & OND
OMB = OND = 90º [Given]
OB = OD [Radii of same circle]
BM = DN [Proved above]
 OMB  OND [By R.H.S. congruency]
 OM = ON [By CPCT]
Hence Proved.

Remark : Chords equidistant from the centre of a circle are equal in length.

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Example.7 AB and CD are equal chords of a circle whose centre is O. When produced, these chords meet
at E. Prove that EB = ED.
Solution. Given : AB and CD are equal chords of a circle whose centre is O. When produced, these
chords meet at E.
To Prove : EB = ED.
Construction : From O draw OP ⊥ AB and OQ ⊥ CD. Join OE.
Proof : AB = CD [ Given]
 OP = OQ
[  Equal chords of a circle are equidistant from the centre]
Now in OPE and OQE,
OPE = OQE [Each 90º]
OE = OE [Common]
OP = OQ [Proved above]
 OPE  OQE [By RHS congruency]
 PE = QE [By CPCT]
1 1
 PE – AB = QE – CD [ AB = CD (Given)]
2 2
 PE – PB = QE – QD  EB = ED. Hence Proved.

Example.8 AB and CD are the chords of a circle whose centre is O. They intersect each other at P. If PO
be the bisector of APD, prove that AB = CD.
OR
In the given figure, O is the centre of the circle and PO bisects the angle APD. Prove that AB = CD.
Solution. Given : AB and CD are the chords of a circle whose centre is O. They intersect each other at P.
PO is the bisector of APD.
To Prove : AB = CD.
Construction : Draw OR ⊥ AB and OQ ⊥ CD.
Proof : In OPR and OPQ,
OPR = OPQ [Given]
OP = OP [Common]
And ORP = OQP [Each = 90º]
 OPR  OPQ [By AAS congruency]
 OR = OQ [By CPCT]
 AB = CD [ Chords of a circle which are equidistant from the centre are equal].

Check Point - A

1. Find the number of least non-collinear points required to draw a circle passing through them.

2. Given an arc of a circle, show how to complete the circles ?

3. If two circles intersect each other, prove that the line joining their centres bisects the common chord at
right angle.

4. Find the length of a chord which is at a distance of 16 cm from the centre of a circle whose radius is 20 cm.

5. Two circles of radii 10 cm and 17 cm intersect at two points and the distance between their centres is 21
cm. Find the length of the common chord.
Answers
1. 3 4. 24cm 5. 16cm

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B. RESULTS ON ANGLES SUBTENDED BY
ARCS AND CYCLIC QUADRILATEERAL

(a) Result on angles subtended by arcs


In figure, the angle subtended by the minor arc PQ at O is POQ and the angle subtended by the major
arc PQ at O is reflex angle POQ.

Theorem : The angle subtended by an arc at the centre is double the angle subtended by it at any
point on the remaining part of the circle.
Given : An arc PQ of a circle subtending angles POQ at the centre O and PAQ at a point A on the
remaining part of the circle.
To Prove : POQ = 2PAQ.
Construction : Join AO and extend it to a point B.

Proof : There arises three cases:-


(A) arc PQ is minor (B) arc PQ is a semi-circle (C) arc PQ is major.
In all the cases, BOQ = OAQ + AQO ...(i)
[ An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the two interior opposite angles]
In OAQ,
OA = OQ [Radii of a circle]
 OQA = OAQ ...(ii)
[Angles opposite equal sides of a triangle are equal]
From (i) and (ii)
BOQ = 2OAQ ...(iii)
Similarly,
BOP = 2OAP ...(iv)
Adding (iii) and (iv), we get
BOP + BOQ = 2(OAP + OAQ)
 POQ = 2PAQ. ...(v)

Remark : For the case (C), where PQ is the major arc, (v) is replaced by reflex angles.
Thus, reflex POQ = 2PAQ.

Theorem : Angles in the same segment of a circle are equal.


Proof : Let P and Q be any two points on a circle to form a chord PQ, A and C any other points on the
remaining part of the circle and O be the centre of the circle. Then,

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POQ = 2PAQ ...(i)
And POQ = 2PCQ ...(ii)
[Angle subtended at the centre is double than the angle subtended by it on the remaining part of the circle]
From equation (i) & (ii)
2PAQ = 2PCQ
 PAQ = PCQ. Hence Proved.
Theorem : Angle in the semicircle is a right angle.
Proof :  PAQ is an angle in the segment, which is a semicircle.
 PAQ =
1 1
POQ = POQ = × 180º = 90º
2 2
[POQ is straight line angle or POQ = 180º]
If we take any other point C on the semicircle, then again, we get
1 1
PCQ = POQ = × 180º = 90º. Hence Proved.
2 2

(b) Cyclic quadrilaterals


A quadrilateral ABCD is called cyclic if all the four vertices of it lie on a circle.

Theorem : The sum of either pair of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180º.
Given : A cyclic quadrilateral ABCD.

To Prove : A + C = B + D = 180º.
Construction : Join AC and BD.
Proof : ACB = ADB ...(i)
And BAC = BDC ...(ii) [Angles of same segment of a circle are equal]
Adding equation (i) & (ii)
 ACB + BAC = ADB + BDC
ACB + BAC = ADC.
Adding ABC to both sides, we get
ACB + BAC + ABC = ADC + ABC.
 ADC + ABC = 180º
i.e., D + B = 180º
 A + C = 360º – (B + D) = 180º [ A + B + C + D = 360º ] Hence Proved.

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Solved Examples

Example.9 If a side of a cyclic quadrilateral is produced, then the exterior angle is equal to the interior
opposite angle.
Solution. Let ABCD be a cyclic quadrilateral inscribed in a circle with centre O. The side AB of
quadrilateral ABCD is produced to E. Then, we have to prove that CBE = ADC.
Since the sum of opposite pairs of angles of a cyclic
quadrilateral is 180º
 ABC + ADC = 180º
But ABC + CBE1 = 180º
[ABC and CBE form a linear pair]
 ABC + ADC = ABC + CBE
 ADC = CBE or CBE = ADC. Hence proved

Example.10 In figure, ABC = 69º, ACB = 31º, find BDC.


Solution. In  ABC,
BAC + ABC + ACB = 180º
 BAC + 69º + 31º = 180º
 BAC + 100º = 180º
 BAC = 180º – 100º = 80º
Now, BDC = BAC = 80º. [Angles in the same segment of a circle are equal]

Example.11 ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral whose diagonals intersect at a point E. If DBC = 70º, BAC
= 30º, find BCD. Further, if AB = BC, find ECD.
Solution. CDB = BAC = 30º ...(i)
[Angles in the same segment of a circle are equal]
DBC = 70º ...(ii)
In BCD,
BCD + DBC + CDB = 180º
 BCD + 70º + 30º = 180º [Using (i) and (ii)]
 BCD + 100º = 180º
 BCD = 180º – 100º
 BCD = 80º ...(iii)
In ABC, AB = BC
 BCA = BAC = 30º ...(iv) [ Angles opposite to equal sides of a triangle are equal]
 BCA + ECD = 80º  30º + ECD = 80º
 ECD = 80º – 30º  ECD = 50º.

Example.12 In figure, find the measures of ABD, CDP, PDA, CAB and CBD.

Solution. Clearly, ABD and ACD are in the same segment determined by chord AD.
 ABD = ACD
 ABD = 60º [Given ACD = 60º]
Now, CPD = BPA [Vertically opp. angles]
 CPD = 90º [Given BPA = 90º]
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In CPD, we have
CDP +CPD +PCD = 180º
 CDP + 60º + 90º = 180º
 CDP + 150º = 180º
 CDP = 180º – 150º = 30º
Since EDF and ADC are vertically opposite angles.
 ADC = EDF
 ADC = 85º
 PDA + PDC = 85º
 PDA + 30º = 85º
 PDA = 85º – 30º = 55º
Since, CDB = CDP and CAB are the angles in the same segment determined by chord CB.
 CAB = CDP
 CAB = 30º
In ACD, we have
CAD + ACD + ADC = 180º
CAD + 60º + 85º = 180º
 CAD = 180º – (60º + 85º) = 35º
Clearly, CAD and CBD are angles in the same segment determined by chord CD.
 CBD = CAD = 35º.

Example.13 If the non parallel side of a trapezium are equal, prove that it is cyclic.
Solution. Given : ABCD is a trapezium whose two non-parallel sides AD and BC are equal.
To Prove : Trapezium ABCD is a cyclic.
Construction : Draw BE || AD.
Proof :  AB || DE [Given]
and AD || BE [By construction]
 Quadrilateral ABED is a parallelogram.
 BAD = BED ...(i) [Opp. angles of a ||gm]
And , AD = BE ...(ii) [Opp. sides of a ||gm]
But AD = BC ...(iii) [Given]
From (ii) and (iii),
BE = BC
 BCE = BEC ...(iv) [Angles opposite to equal sides]
BEC + BED = 180º [Linear Pair Axiom]
 BCE + BAD = 180º [From (iv) and (i)]
 Trapezium ABCD is cyclic.
[If a pair of opposite angles of a quadrilateral is 180º, then the quadrilateral is cyclic]
Hence Proved.

Example.14 Prove that a cyclic parallelogram is a rectangle.


Solution. Given : ABCD is a cyclic parallelogram.
To Prove : ABCD is a rectangle.
Proof : ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral
 1 + 2 = 180º ...(i)
[ Opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary]
ABCD is a parallelogram
 1 = 2 ...(ii) [Opp. angles of a ||gm]
From (i) and (ii),
1 = 2 = 90º
 Parallelogram ABCD is a rectangle. Hence Proved.

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Example.15 In figure, PQ is a diameter of a circle with centre O. If PQR = 65º, SPR = 40º, PQM = 50º,
find QPR,PRS and QPM.
Solution. (i) QPR
 PQ is a diameter
 PRQ = 90º [Angle in a semi-circle is 90º] In  PQR,
QPR + PRQ + PQR = 180º
 QPR + 90º + 65º = 180º
 QPR + 155º = 180º
 QPR = 180º – 155º
 QPR = 25º.
(ii) PRS
 PQRS is a cyclic quadrilateral.
 PSR + PQR = 180º [ Opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary]
 PSR + 65º = 180º
 PSR = 180º – 65º
 PSR = 115º
In  PSR,
PSR + SPR + PRS = 180º
 115º + 40º + PRS = 180º
 155º + PRS = 180º
 PRS = 180º – 155º
 PRS = 25º.
(iii) QPM
 PQ is a diameter
 PMQ = 90º [ Angle in a semi-circle is 90º]
In  PMQ,
PMQ + PQM + QPM = 180º
 90º + 50º + QPM = 180º  140º + QPM = 180º
 QPM = 180º – 140º  QPM = 40º.

Example.16 In figure, O is the centre of the circle. Prove that x + y = z.


1
Solution. EBF = EOFz
2
[Angle subtended by an arc of a circle at the centre is twice the angle subtended by it at any
point of the remaining part of the circle]
1
 ABF = 180º – z ...(i) [Linear Pair Axiom]
2
1 1
EDF = EOF = z
2 2
[Angle subtended by any arc of a circle at the centre is twice the
angle subtended by it at any point of the remaining part of the circle]
1
 ADE = 180º – z ...(ii) [Linear Pair Axiom]
2
BCD = ECF = y [Vertically Opp. Angles]
BAD = x
In quadrilateral ABCD
ABC + BCD + CDA + BAD = 2 × 180º
1 1
 180º – z + y + 180º – z + x = 2 × 180º  x + y = z. Hence Proved.
2 2

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Example.17 AB is a diameter of the circle with centre O and chord CD is equal to radius OC. AC and BD
produced meet at P. Prove that CPD = 60º.
Solution. Given : AB is a diameter of the circle with centre O and chord CD is equal to radius OC. AC
and BD produced meet at P.
To Prove : CPD = 60º.
Construction : Join AD.
Proof : In OCD,
OC = OD ...(i) [Radii of the same circle]
OC = CD ...(ii) [Given]
From (i) and (ii),
OC = OD = CD
 OCD is an equilateral triangle.
 COD = 60º
1 1
 CAD = COD = (60) = 30
2 2
COD =(60º) = 30º
[Angle subtended by any arc of a circle at the centre is twice the angle subtended by it at any
point of the remaining part of the circle]
 PAD = 30º ...(iii)
And, ADB = 90º ...(iv) [Angle in a semi-circle]
 ADB + ADP = 180º [Linear Pair Axiom]
 90º + ADP = 180º [From (iv)]
 ADP = 90º ...(v)
In ADP,
APD + PAD + ADP = 180º
 APD + 30º + 90º = 180º [From (iii) and (v)]
 APD + 120º = 180º
 APD = 180º – 120º = 60º
 CPD = 60º. Hence Proved.

Example.18 Prove that the quadrilateral formed by angle bisectors of a cyclic quadrilateral is also cyclic.
Solution. Given : ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. Its angle bisectors form a quadrilateral PQRS.
To Prove : PQRS is a cyclic quadrilateral.
Proof : In APB
1 + 2 + 3 = 180º ...(i)
In DRC
4 + 5 + 6 = 180º ...(ii)
 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 = 360º ...(iii)
[ Adding (i) and (ii)]
1
But 2 + 3 + 6 + 5 = [A + B + C + D]
2
1
= (360º) = 180º  1 + 4 = 360º – (2 + 3 + 6 + 5)
2
= 360º – 180º = 180º.
 PQRS is a cyclic quadrilateral.
[ If the sum of any pair of opposite angles of a quadrilateral is 180º, then the quadrilateral is a
cyclic] Hence Proved.

Example.19 Two concentric circles with centre O have A, B, C, D as the points of intersection with the line  as
shown in the figure. If AD = 12 cm and BC = 8 cm, find the length of AB, CD, AC and BD.
Solution. Since OM ⊥ BC, a chord of the circle,
 It bisects BC.

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1 1
 BM = CM = (BC) = (8) = 4 cm
2 2
Since, OM ⊥ AD, a chord of the circle,
 It bisects AD.
1 1
 AM = MD = AD = (12) = 6 cm
2 2
Now, AB = AM – BM = 6 – 4 = 2 cm
CD = MD – MC = 6 – 4 = 2 cm
AC = AM + MC = 6 + 4 = 10 cm
BD = BM + MD = 4 + 6 = 10 cm

Example.20 OABC is a rhombus whose three vertices A, B and C lie on a circle with centre O. If the radius
of the circle is 10 cm. Find the area of the rhombus.
Solution. Since, OABC is a rhombus
 OA = AB = BC = OC = 10 cm
1 1
Now, OD ⊥ BC  CD = BC = (10) = 5 cm
2 2
 By Pythagoras theorem,
OC2 = OD2 + DC2
 OD2 = OC2 – DC2 = (10)2 – (5)2 = 100 – 25 = 75
 OD = 75 = 5 3
1 1
 Area (OBC) = BC × OD = (10) × 5 3 = 25 3 sq.cm.
2 2
Area of Rhombus = 2 (Area of OBC) = 2( 25 3 ) = 50 3 sq. cm.

Example.21 In the given figure, AB is the chord of a circle with centre O. AB is produced to C such that BC
= OB. CO is joined and produced to meet the circle in D. If ACD = yº and AOD = xº, prove
that xº = 3yº.
Solution. Since BC = OB [Given]
 OCB = BOC = yº
[ Angles opposite to equal sides are equal]

OBA = BOC + OCB = yº + yº = 2yº.


[Exterior angle of a  is equal to the sum of the opposite interior angles]
Also OA = OB [Radii of the same circle]
OAB = OBA = 2yº [Angles opposite to equal sides of a triangle are equal]
AOD = OAC + OCA = 2yº + yº = 3yº
[Exterior angle of a  is equal to the sum of the opposite interior angles]
Hence, xº = 3yº. Hence Proved.

Check Point - B

1. Two angles in the same segment of a circle are (2x + 10)º and (x + 45º). Then x is equal to

2. One angle of a cyclic quadrilateral is twice its opposite angle. Then find the smaller of the two angles
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3. In the figure, O is the centre of the circle, find PQR

4. In the figure, O is the centre and ACB = 20º, find AOD -

5. In this figure, find sum of Q and S.

Answers
1. 35º 2. 60º 3. 123º 4. 140º 5. 90º

Add to Your Knowledge

1. The tangent at any point of a circle and the radius through the point are perpendicular to each other.
Given : A circle with centre O. AB is a tangent to the circle at a point P and OP is the radius through P.
Then : OP ⊥ AB.

2. If O be the centre of a circle and tangents drawn to the circle at the points A and B of the circle intersect
each other at P.
Then : AOB + APB = 180º.

3. If two tangents are drawn to a circle from an exterior point, then


(i) the tangents are equal in length
(ii) the tangents subtend equal angles at the centre
(iii) the tangents are equally inclined to the line joining the point and the centre of the circle.

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Given : PA and PB are two tangents drawn to a circle with centre O, from an exterior point P.
Then: (i) PA = PB (ii) AOP = BOP (iii) APO = BPO.

4. Its I If two chords AB and CD of a circle, intersect inside a circle (outside the circle when produced at a
point E).
Then: AE × BE = CE × DE.

5. If PB be a secant which intersects the circle at A and B and PT be a tangent at T.


Then : PA.PB = (PT)2.

6. For the two circles with centre X and Y and radii r1 and r2. AB and CD are two Direct Common
Tangents (OCT), then the length of OCT = (distance between centres) 2 − (r2 − r1 ) 2

7. For the two circles with centre X and Y and radii r1 and r2. PQ and RS are two transverse common
tangents, then length of TCT = (distance between centres) 2 − (r2 + r1 ) 2

8. If a circle touches all the four sides of a quadrilateral then the sum of the two opposite sides is equal to
the sum of other two. AB + DC = AD + BC.

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BOARD LEVEL EXERCISE

TYPE (I) : VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS : [01 MARK EACH]

1. In Figure, two congruent circles have centres O and O'. Arc AXB subtends an angle of 75º at the centre
O and arc A'YB' subtends an angle of 25º at the centre O'. Then the ratio of arcs AXB and A'YB' is :

2. In Figure, AB and CD are two equal chords of a circle with centre O. OP and OQ are perpendiculars on
chords AB and CD, respectively. If POQ = 150º, then find APQ ?

3. In Figure, if OA = 5 cm, AB = 8 cm and OD is perpendicular to AB, then find CD.

4. If AB = 12 cm, BC = 16 cm and AB is perpendicular to BC, then find the radius of the circle passing
through the points A, B and C.

5. In Figure, if ABC = 20º, then find AOC.

6. In Figure, if AOB is a diameter of the circle and AC = BC, then find CAB.

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7. In Figure, if OAB = 40º, then find ACB.

8. In Figure, if DAB = 60º, ABD = 50º, then find ACB.


D C

60º 50º
A B

9. In Figure, BC is a diameter of the circle and BAO = 60º. Then find ADC.

TYPE (II) : SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS : [02 MARKS EACH]


1
10. In Figure, AOC is a diameter of the circle and arc AXB = arc BYC. Find BOC.
2

11. In Figure, ABC = 45º, prove that OA ⊥ OC.

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12. If a line segment joining mid-points of two chords of a circle passes through the centre of the circle,
prove that the two chords are parallel.

13. ABCD is such a quadrilateral that A is the centre of the circle passing through B, C and D. Prove that
1
CBD + CDB = BAD
2

14. If a line is drawn parallel to the base of an isosceles triangle to intersect its equal sides, prove that the
quadrilateral so formed is cyclic.

15. In Figure, AB is a diameter, ADC = 130º and chord BC = chord BE. Find CBE.
C
D
130

A B
O

E
16. Two circles with centres O and O' intersect at two points A and B. A line PQ is drawn parallel to OO'
through A(or B) intersecting the circles at P and Q. Prove that PQ = 2 OO'.

17. In Figure, AOB is a diameter of the circle and C, D, E are any three points on the semi-circle. Find the
value of ACD + BED

18. In Figure, OAB = 30º and OCB = 57º. Find BOC and AOC.

19. Prove that among all the chords of a circle passing through a given point inside the circle that one is
smallest which is perpendicular to the diameter passing through the point.

TYPE (III) : LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS: [03 MARK EACH]


20. If P, Q and R are the mid-points of the sides BC, CA and AB of a triangle and AD is the perpendicular
from A on BC, prove that P, Q, R and D are concyclic.

21. Prove that angle bisector of any angle of a triangle and perpendicular bisector of the opposite side if
intersect, they will intersect on the circumcircle of the triangle.

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22. If two chords AB and CD of a circle AYDZBWCX intersect at right angles (see Figure), prove that arc
CXA + arc DZB = arc AYD + arc BWC = semi- circle.

23. In Figure, AB and CD are two chords of a circle intersecting each other at point E. Prove that AEC = 2
(Angle subtended by arc CXA at centre + angle subtended by arc DYB at the centre).

24. A circle has radius 2 cm. It is divided into two segments by a chord of length 2 cm. Prove that the
angle subtended by the chord at a point in major segment is 45º.

25. AB and AC are two chords of a circle of radius r such that AB = 2AC. If p and q are the distances of
AB and AC from the centre, prove that 4q2 = p2 + 3r2.

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EXERCISE – 01

SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Section (A) : Chord properties of Circles
A-1. The radius of a circle is 13 cm and the length of one of its chords is 10 cm. Find the distance of the
chord from the centre.

A-2. In figure, O is the centre of the circle of radius 5 cm. OP ⊥ AB, OQ ⊥ CD, AB || CD, AB = 6 cm and
CD = 8 cm. Determine PQ.

A-3. AB and CD are two parallel chords of a circle such that AB = 10 cm and CD = 24 cm. If the chords are
on the opposite side of the centre and the distance between them is 17 cm, find the radius of the circle.

A-4. In a circle of radius 5 cm, AB and AC are two chords such that AB = AC = 6 cm. Find the length of the
chord BC.

A-5. A circular park of radius 20 m is situated in a colony. Three boys Ankur, Syed and David are sitting at
equal distances on its boundary each having a toy telephone in his hands to talk to each other. Find the
length of the string of each phone.

Section (B) : Results on angles subtended by arcs and Cyclic quadrilateral


B-1. In the given figure, BC is diameter bisecting ACD, find the values of a, b (O is centre of circle).

B-2. Find the value of a & b.

B-3. A chord of a circle is equal to the radius of the circle, find the angle subtended by the chord at a point
on the minor arc and also at a point on the major arc.

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B-4. Find the value of a & b.

B-5. Find the value of a and b, if b = 2a.

B-6. In the given figure, the chord ED is parallel to the diameter AC. Find CED.

B-7. In the given figure, P is the centre of the circle. Prove that : XPZ = 2 (XZY + YXZ).

B-8. In a circle with centre O, chords AB and CD intersects inside the circumference at E. Prove that
AOC + BOD = 2AEC.

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B-9. In figure, P is any point on the chord BC of a circle such that AB = AP. Prove that CP = CQ.

B-10. If two sides of a cyclic quadrilateral are parallel, prove that the remaining two sides are equal and the
diagonals are also equal.

B-11. D is a point on the circumcircle of ABC in which AB = AC such that B and D are on the opposite side
of line AC. If CD is produced to a point E such that CE = BD, prove that AD = AE.

B-12. Two circles intersect at two points B and C. Through B, two line segments ABD and PBQ are drawn to
intersect the circles at A, D and P, Q respectively as shown in figure. Prove that ACP = QCD.

B-13. In the figure given below, two circles intersect at A and D, and AC, AB are respectively the diameters
of the circles. Prove that the points C, D, B are collinear.

B-14. ABCD is a parallelogram. The circle through A, B, C intersects CD (produced if necessary) at E.


Prove that AD = AE.

B-15. Bisectors of angles A, B and C of a triangle ABC intersect its circumcircle at D, E and F respectively.
1 1 C
Prove that the angles of the triangle DEF are 90º – A, 90º – B and 90º – .
2 2 2

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OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Section (A) : Chord properties of Circles
A-1. In a circle of radius 10 cm, the length of chord whose distance is 6 cm from the centre is :
(A) 4 cm (B) 5 cm (C) 8 cm (D) 16 cm

A-2. If BAD = ADC , then

(A) AB = CD (B) AB  CD (C) AC  BD (D) AD = BC

A-3. O is the centre of a circle, AB and CD are two chords of the circle. OM ⊥ AB and ON ⊥ CD. If OM =
ON = 3 cm and AM = BM = 4.5 cm, then CD =

(A) 9 cm (B) 10 cm (C) 8 cm (D) 6 cm

A-4. If AB  CD , then :

(A) 1 = 2 (B) 3 = 4 (C) 2 = 3 (D) None of these.

Section (B) : Results on angles subtended by arcs and Cyclic quadrilateral


B-1. In the given circle ABCD, O is the centre and BDC = 42º. The ACB is equal to :

(A) 48º (B) 45º (C) 42º (D) 60º

B-2. In the diagram, O is the centre of the circle. The angles CBD is equal to :

(A) 25º (B) 50º (C) 40º (D) 130º

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B-3. In the given figure, CAB = 80º, ABC = 40º. The sum of DAB + ABD is equal to :

(A) 80º (B) 100º (C) 120º (D) 140º

B-4. In the given figure, if C is the centre of the circle and PQC = 25º and PRC = 15º, then QCR is
equal to :

(A) 40º (B) 60º (C) 80º (D) 120º

B-5. The sides BA and CD of a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD are produced to meet at P, the sides DA and CB
are produced to meet at Q. If ADC = 85º and BPC = 40º, then CQD equals :
(A) 50º (B) 45º (C) 30º (D) 75º

B-6. In the given figure, if ACB = 40º, DPB = 120º, then y will be :

(A) 40º (B) 20º (C) 0º (D) 60º

B-7. In a cyclic quadrilateral if A – C = 70º, then the greater of the angles A and C is equal to :
(A) 95º (B) 105º (C) 125º (D) 115º

B-8. The length of a chord of a circle is equal to the radius of the circle. The angle which this chord subtends
on the longer segment of the circle is equal to :
(A) 30º (B) 45º (C) 60º (D) 90º

B-9. In the given figure, AB = BC = CD, If BAC = 25º, then value of AED is :

(A) 50º (B) 60º (C) 65º (D) 75º

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B-10. A, B and C are three points on the circle whose centre is O. If BAC = x, CBO = BCO = y,
BOC = t, reflex BOC = z, then :

(A) x + y = 90º (B) x – y = 90º (C) t + 2yº = 90º (D) None of these

B-11. O is the centre of the circle. BC is a chord of the circle and point A lies on the circle. If BAC = x,
OBC = y, then x + y :

(A) > 90º (B) = 90º (C) < 90º (D) > 180º

EXERCISE – 02

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Let P be a point on the circumference of a circle. Perpendiculars PA and PB are drawn to points A and
B on two mutually perpendicular diameters. If AB = 36 cm, the diameter of the circle is :
(A) 16 cm (B) 24 cm (C) 36 cm (D) 72 cm

2. A semicircle is drawn with AB as its diameter. From C, a point on AB, a line perpendicular to AB is
drawn meeting the circumference of the semicircle at D. Given that AC = 2 cm and CD = 6 cm, the area
of the semicircle is:
(A) 32 (B) 50 (C) 40 (D) 36

3. In the figure given above, A and B are the centers of the two congruent circles with radius 17 units.
If AB = 30 units, the length of the common chord DC is :

(A) 25 units (B) 18 units (C) 10 units (D) 16 units

4. In the diagram the circle contains the vertices A, B, C of triangle ABC. Now ABC is 30º and the
length of AC is 5. The diameter of the circle is :

(A) 5 3 (B) 8 (C) 10 (D) 5 5

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5. Find the measure of angle y in the figure if P is the centre of the circle :

(A) 99º (B) 105º (C) 90º (D) 109º

6. The centre of a circle is at O. AB and CD are two chords of length d and  respectively. If P is the mid
point of CD, then the length OP is :

1 2 1 2
(A) d2 + 2
(B) d2 − 2
(C) d + 2
(D) d − 2

2 2

7. BC is the diameter of a circle. Points A and D are situated on the circumference of the semi-circle
ABD = 35º and BCD = 60º, ADB equals to :

(A) 20º (B) 25º (C) 30º (D) 115º

8. Find the value of a + b, if b = 2a.

(A) 40º (B) 80º (C) 120º (D) 160º

9. In the given figure value of 'a' is :

(A) 30º (B) 40º (C) 60º (D) 90º

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10. ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral inscribed in a circle with the centre O. Then OAD is equal to :

(A) 30º (B) 40º (C) 50º (D) 60º

11. In figure, O is centre, then BXD =

(A) 65º (B) 60º (C) 70º (D) 55º

12. Which of the following shapes of equal perimeter, the one having the largest area is :
(A) circle (B) equilateral triangle (C) square (D) regular pentagon

13. Let XYZ be right angle triangle, with right angle at Z. Let Ax de-remarks the area of the circle with
diameter YZ. Let Ay de-remark the area of the circle with diameter XZ and let Az de-remarks the area
of the circle diameter XY. Which of the following relations is true ?
(A) Az = Ax + Ay (B) A Z = A 2x + A 2y (C) A 2z = A 2x + A 2y (D) A 2z = A 2x − A 2y

14. A triangle with side lengths in the ratio 3 : 4 : 5 is inscribed in a circle of radius 3. The area of the
triangle is equal to :
(A) 8.64 (B) 12 (C) 6 (D) 10.28

15. Two legs of a right triangle are 8  and 9  as shown. A circle is drawn so that the area inside the
circle but outside the triangle equals the area inside the triangle but outside the circle. The radius of the
circle is (Use  = 22/7)

(A) 6  (B) 6 (C) 5 (D) 8

16. In the diagram O is the centre of a circle. AE + EB = CE + ED. OP ⊥ AB and OQ ⊥ CD, then true
relation between OP and OQ is :

1
(A) OP > OQ (B) OP < OQ (C) OP = OQ (D) OP = OQ
2
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17. PQ and RS are the chords of a circle each of which is at a distance of 5 cm from the centre. If the radius
of the circle is 10 cm then the length of the chords PQ and RS are __ and __ respectively.
(A) 5 3 cm, 10 3 cm (B) 5 3 cm, 5 3 cm (C) 10 3 cm, 10 3 cm (D) 10 3 cm, 5 3 cm

18. EF and FG are two equal chords of a circle intersecting each other at F. If EG is the diameter of the
circle, EF = FG = 7 cm, find the length of EG.
(A) 7 2 cm (B) 49 cm (C) 49 2 cm (D) 7 cm

19. If the distance between two parallel chords of a circle is 6 cm and each chord is 8 cm long, then the
radius of the circle is
(A) 6 cm (B) 5 cm (C) 4 cm (D) 3 cm

20. If the angle between two equal chords which are intersecting on the circle is 60º, then what are the
angles subtended by the chords at the centre of the circle?
(A) 30º, 30º (B) 60º, 60º (C) 90º, 90º (D) 120º, 120º

21.

In the figure above (not to scale), AB is the diameter of the circle with centre O. If ACO = 30º, then
find BOC.
(A) 45º (B) 50º (C) 55º (D) 60º

22.

In the figure above (not to scale), if AB, BC, CD and DA are equal chords. Find the angle between any
two adjacent chords.
(A) 60º (B) 90º (C) 70º (D) 80º

23.

In the figure above (not to scale), AB || CD , AB = CD and if BCD = 55º and O is the centre of the
circle, then AOB = _____.
(A) 55º (B) 65º (C) 70º (D) 75º

24.

In the figure above (not to scale), chord AB = chord AC and if BAO = 25º, then find BOC where
'O' is the centre.
(A) 50º (B) 60º (C) 100º (D) Cannot be determined

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 80


25.

In the figure above (not to scale), O is the centre of the circle and OBA = 30º. Find ACS.
(A) 60º (B) 90º (C) 30º (D) 120º

26. MN and KL are two chords of a circle of length 12 cm each, when produced they meet at the point C. If
CM = 20 cm, then CL = ___.
(A) 12 cm (B) 10 cm (C) 8 cm (D) 6 cm

27.

In the figure above (not to scale), AB = CD and AB and CD are produced to meet at the point P. If
BAC = 70º, then find P.
(A) 30º (B) 40º (C) 60º (D) 50º

28.

In the figure above (not to scale), PAO = 40º, O is the centre of the circle and PB is the diameter, find
OBA.
(A) 30º (B) 40º (C) 50º (D) 60º

29.

In the figure above (not to scale), CAD = 40º, ADC = 100º and ACB = 20º then BAC is ___.
(A) 60º (B) 80º (C) 100º (D) 120º

30.

In the figure above (not to scale), AB = AD, BC = CD and AE is the perpendicular from A to BD . If
DAE = xº, then find BCD.
(A) xº (B) 2xº (C) (90 – x)º (D) (180 – 2x)º

31. MN and ST are two equal chords of a circle and the distance between them is 12 cm. If the length of
each chord is 15 cm, find the radius of the circle approximately.
(A) 9.6 cm (B) 8.6 cm (C) 7 cm (D) 10 cm

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 81


32. In the figure given below, O is the centre of the circle, CD and DE are chords measuring 8 cm each,
intersecting at D. And the radius (OD) of the circle.

(A) 8 2 cm (B) 8 cm (C) 4 2 cm (D) 4 cm

33.

In the above figure, BC is the diameter of the circle with centre O and AB || OD . If DOC = 40º, then
find ACB.
(A) 50º (B) 60º (C) 70º (D) 90º

34. Two equal chords of a circle intersect on the circle, make angle xº and form a triangle with a diameter.
What is the angle subtended by each chord at the centre?
(A) 30º (B) 60º (C) 90º (D) Cannot be determined

35.

In the above figure, AB and CD are equal chords. O is the centre of the circle and AD and BC are
intersecting at O. If OAC = 40º then find BCD and CBA.
(A) 40º, 40º (B) 50º, 50º (C) 40º, 50º (D) 50º, 40º

36.

In the above figure (not to scale), AC is the diameter and ABCD is the cyclic quadrilateral. If EAB = 80º
and DCF = 110º, then find the angle made by AB at the centre of the circle.
(A) 80º (B) 60º (C) 40º (D) 20º

37. If the adjacent angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are 40º and 100º, then the angle made by the diagonals at
the centre of the circle is
(A) 40º, 50º (B) 20º, 25º (C) 80º, 100º (D) 80º, 160º

38.

In the above figure (not to scale), ABCDEF is a regular hexagon inscribed in a circle, what is AOE?
(A) 60º (B) 100º (C) 120º (D) 140º

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 82


39.

In the above figure, AB = AC and O is the centre of the circle. If ACO = 40º, then find ABO.
(A) 40º (B) 80º (C) 35º (D) 55º

40.

In the above figure (not to scale), ABC = 2ACB. Find the angle made by AC at the centre of the
circle, if BAC = 60º.
(A) 80º (B) 120º (C) 160º (D) 180º
41.

In the above figure, AB and AC are equal chords and O is the centre. If BOC = 100º, then find ACO.
(A) 10º (B) 20º (C) 30º (D) 25º

42.

In the above figure, AB and AC are equal chords of the given circle, BP = PC and ABP = PBC. If
BAC = 40º, then find BPC.
(A) 90º (B) 100º (C) 110º (D) 120º

43.

In the above figure (not to scale), ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral, AB = BC, BAC = 40º and DCA = 70º
then find CAD.
(A) 30º (B) 50º (C) 80º (D) 100º

44.

In the above figure (not to scale), PA and PB are equal chords and ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. If
DCE = 80º, DAP = 30º then find APB.
(A) 40º (B) 80º (C) 90º (D) 160º
H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 83
45. In the figure below, PQ and RS are chords of length 10 cm each intersecting at B. If PBS = 90º and
the area of the PBS is 32 sq. cm., then find the length of BR.

(A) 2 cm (B) 4 cm (C) 6 cm (D) 8 cm

46. In the figure below, EF is a chord produced to G. O is the centre of the circle. EF = 12 cm and FG = 8 cm.
The radius of the circle is 10 cm. Find the approximate length of OG.

(A) 8 cm (B) 12 cm (C) 16 cm (D) 20 cm

47.

In the above diagram (not to scale), AB = AC. O is the centre of the circle. If ABC = 80º, then find BOC.
(A) 20º (B) 40º (C) 60º (D) 80º

48. In the figure below, CD is a chord of the semi-circle with centre O.

OA is the radius of the circle. If CD = 10 cm, AB = 2 cm and OA ⊥ CD , then find the length of OB.
(A) 3.25 cm (B) 5.25 cm (C) 4.25 cm (D) 6.25 cm

49. A, B, C, D and E are concyclic such that AB = BC = CD = DE = EA. Find the angle between any two
adjacent chords.
(A) 32º (B) 42º (C) 54º (D) 108º

50.

In the figure above (not to scale), AB = AC, BD = DC and 'O' is centre of the circle. If ACO = 35º
then find ABD and BDC.
(A) 90º, 90º (B) 110º, 110º (C) 90º, 110º (D) 80º, 90º

51. There are four chords AB, BC, CD and DA in a circle making angles , 2, 3 and 4 respectively at
the centre of a circle. Find the angle between BC and CD.
(A) 30º (B) 45º (C) 60º (D) 90º

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 84


52. In the given figure (not to scale), O is the centre of the circle and AB = BC. If AQC = 80º, then find
the angle subtended by the chord AB at the centre.

(A) 70º (B) 80º (C) 100º (D) Cannot be determined

53. In the figure below (not to scale), AB and CD are equal chords. O is the centre of the circle. If AOP = 120º,
then find OAC.

(A) 30º (B) 60º (C) 80º (D) None of these

54.

In the above figure, O is the centre of the circle and AB = CD. If APB = 110º, then find the angle
made by the chord CD at the centre.
(A) 220º (B) 110º (C) 120º (D) 140º

55. In the above figure, ED || AB and EF || BC . If FED = 40º and DEC = 20º, then find the angle made
by BC at the centre.

(A) 20º (B) 40º (C) 60º (D) 80º

56.

In the above figure, O is the centre of the circle ABO = OCO and ACO = OBO. If BAC = 40º
then find BDC.
(A) 100º (B) 110º (C) 120º (D) 150º

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 85


57.

In the figure above, DBA = 2DAB = 4CAD. If ADC = 120º then find the angle made by AB at
the centre of the circle. ·
(A) 20º (B) 40º (C) 60º (D) 80º

58.

In the above figure, AB and AC are equal chords and AD is perpendicular to AC . If COD = 60º,
then angle between the chords is
(A) 30º (B) 60º (C) 90º (D) Cannot be determined

59.

In the above figure (not to scale) AB , BC , CF , DE and FE are chords of the circle. If ABC = 100º
and FED = 110º, then find FPA.
(A) 20º (B) 30º (C) 40º (D) 70º

60.

In the above figure (not to scale), O is the centre of the circle. BC and CD are equal chords. If OBC = 70º,
then what is BAD?
(A) 40º (B) 60º (C) 80º (D) 100º

61. In the following figure (not to scale), O is the centre of the circle. A, B, C and Dare concyclic and
AB = CD. If MON = 120º, then find OPN.

(A) 20º (B) 30º (C) 40º (D) 60º

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 86


62. In the following figure, MN and OP are equal chords of length 10 cm each intersecting at the point A
If OA = 3 cm and PAM = 90º, then find the ratio of the areas of the triangles PAM and OAN.

(A) 9 : 49 (B) 7 : 3 (C) 49 : 9 (D) 7 2 : 3 2


63.

In the figure (not to scale) AB = CD, DAP = DPA and A, B, C, Dare concyclic. If ADC = 80º
then find ACD.
(A) 50º (B) 60º (C) 70º (D) 80º
64.

In the above figure, O is the centre of the circle and CD || AB . If DAO = 20º, then find AOB.
(A) 40º (B) 60º (C) 100º (D) 120º

65.

In the above figure, O is the centre of the circle and chords AB and CD are equal. If ABP = 40º and
PQ ⊥ AB , then find the angle made by the chord CD at the centre.
(A) 160º (B) 110º (C) 120º (D) 140º

66.

In the above figure, O is the centre of the circle and chords AB and AC are equal. If ABO = 20º, then
find BOC.
(A) 40º (B) 60º (C) 80º (D) 100º
67.

In the above figure, (not to scale), O is the centre of the circle. AP and BP are two chords. C is point
of intersection of AP and OB . OAC = 30º and PBC = 80º then find AOB.
(A) 50º (B) 100º (C) 80º (D) 120º
H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 87
68.

In the above figure AP = PB and O is the centre of the circle. If AOB = 80º and OAP = 20º, then
find APB.
(A) 60º (B) 90º (C) 120º (D) 160º

69. A point P is 10 cm from the centre of a circle. The length of the tangent drawn from P to the circle is 8
cm. The radius of the circle is equal to
(A) 4 cm (B) 5 cm (C) 6 cm (D) None of these.

70.

In the above figure, ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral and BCD = 2BAD, find the angle made by the
diagonal BD at the centre of the circle.
(A) 60º (B) 80º (C) 100º (D) 120º

71.

In the above figure (not to scale), ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral, DE ⊥ AB , BAO = 40º, OAD = 20º
and OCO= 50º. find ABC.
(A) 70º (B) 100º (C) 110º (D) 120º

72. In the following figure (not to scale), ADC = 60º, BAD = 80º and EBC = 2PDE. And APE.

(A) 60º (B) 80º (C) 120º (D) 140º

73. In figure below, PA and PB are the two tangents drawn to the circle. O is the centre of the circle. A and
Bare the points of contact of the tangents PA and PB with the circle. If OPA = 35º, then POB =

(A) 55º (B) 65º (C) 75º (D) 85º

74. A tangent PQ at a point P of a circle of radius 5 cm meets a line through the centre O at a point Q such
that OQ = 12 cm. Length PQ is
(A) 12 cm (B) 13 cm (C) 8.5 cm (D) 119 cm

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 88


75. If tangents PA and PB from a point P to a circle with centre O are inclined to each other at an angle of
80º then POA is equal to
(A) 50º (B) 60º (C) 70º (D) 80º

76. If TP and TQ are two tangents to a circle with centre O so that POQ = 110º, then, PTQ is equal to
(A) 60º (B) 70º (C) 80º (D) 90º

77. Two circle touch each other externally at C and AB is a common tangent to the circles. Then, ACB =
(A) 60º (B) (C) 30º (D) 90º

78. ABC is a right angled triangle, right angled at B such that BC = 6 cm and AB = 8 cm. A circle with
centre O is inscribed in ABC. The radius of the circle is
(A) 1 cm (B) 2 cm (C) 3 cm (D) 4 cm

79. The length of the tangent drawn from a point 8 cm away from the centre of a circle of radius 6 cm is
(A) 7 cm (B) 2 7 cm (C) 10 cm (D) 5 cm

80. In the adjoining figure, if AD, AE and BC are tangents to the circle at D, E and F respectively. Then,

(A) AD = AB + BC + CA (B) 2AD = AB + BC + CA


(C) 3AD = AB + BC + CA (D) 4AD = AB + BC + CA

81. In the given figure, tangent PT = 5 cm, PA = 4 cm, find AB

7 11 9
(A) cm (B) cm (C) cm (D) can't be determined
4 4 4

EXERCISE – 03

NTSE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)


1. In the following figure, O is the centre of the circle. The value of x is :
[Rajasthan NTSE Stage-1 2006]

(A) 60º (B) 45º (C) 40º (D) 80º

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 89


2. In the figure, O is the centre of the circle and OABC is rectangle : [Kerala NTSE Stage-1 2007]

What is the length of AC ?


(A) 4 cm (B) 4.5 cm (C) 5 cm (D) 5.5 cm
3. In a circle, a 16 unit long chord is at a distance 6 units away from the center. Find the distance of a 12
unit long chord from the centre. [Gujarat NTSE Stage-1 2007]
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 7 (D) 8
4. In the following figure. O is the centre of the circle. The value of x is [Rajasthan NTSE Stage-1 2007]

(A) 45º (B) 65º (C) 85º (D) 95º


5. The chord of maximum length in a circle is called : [Rajasthan NTSE Stage-1 2013]
(A) Radius (B) Arc (C) Diameter (D) Point
6. In figure, A, B, C and D are four point on a cirlcle. AC and BD intersect at a point E such that BEC = 125º
and ECD = 30º. Then BAC = [Rajasthan NTSE Stage-1 2013]

(A) 95º (B) 110º (C) 85º (D) 105º


7. AB and CD are two parallel chords of a circle such that AB = 10 cm and CD = 24 cm. If the chords are
on the opposite sides of the centre and the distance between them is 17 cm, the radius of the circle is :
[Delhi NTSE Stage-1 2013]
(A) 14 cm (B) 10 cm (C) 13 cm (D) 15 cm

8. If two equal circles of radius r passes through centre of the other then the length of their common chord is.
[U.P. NTSE Stage-1 2014]
r 3
(A) (B) r 3 (C) r (D) r 2
3 4

9. In the following figure O is the centre of circle and BAC = nº, OCB = mº then
[U.P. NTSE Stage-1 2014]

(A) mº + nº = 90º (B) mº + nº = 180º (C) mº + nº = 120º (D) mº + nº = 150º

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 90


10. AB and AC are equal chord of a circle with centre O. Then by which angle OA bisects BC.
[M.P. NTSE Stage-1 2014]
(A) 30º (B) 60º (C) 90º (D) 120º

11. In the given figure find PQR (where O is centre of the circle) [U.P. NTSE Stage-1 2014]

(A) 60º (B) 80º (C) 100º (D) 120º

12. If two chords of a circle are equidistance from the centre of the circle, then they are............
[M.P. NTSE Stage-1 2015]
(A) Equal to each other (B) Not equal to each other.
(C) Intersect each other. (D) None of these

13. In the given figure, DBC = 22º and DCB = 78º then BAC is equal to
[Rajasthan NTSE Stage-1 2015]

(A) 90º (B) 80º (C) 78º (D) 22º

14. The lengths of two parallel chords of a circle are 6 cm and 8 cm. If the smaller chord is at distance 4 cm
from the centre, then the distance of the other chord from the cnetre is [Rajasthan NTSE Stage-1 2015]
(A) 5 cm (B) 4 cm (C) 3 cm (D) 2 cm

15. In the figure, the radius of the larger circle is 2 cm and the radius of the smaller circle is 1 cm and the
larger circle passes through the centre of the smaller circle. The length (in cm) of the chord AB is :
[Haryana NTSE Stage-1 2016]

15 3 5 34
(A) (B) 2 (C) (D)
2 2 17

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 91


16. In the figure O is the centre of the circle and POR = 80º. Then RQS is
[Rajasthan NTSE Stage-1 2016]
S R

80º O
Q

P
(A) 30º (B) 40º (C) 1400 (D) 50º

17. In the figure, the semicircle centered at O has a diameter 6 cm. The chord BC is parallel to AD and
1
BC = AD. The area of the trapezium ABCD in cm 2, is : [Haryana NTSE Stage-1 2016]
3

B C

A O D
(A) 4 (B) 4 2 (C) 8 (D) 8 2

18. A chord of length 24 cm is situated 5 cm from the centre of a circle. The diameter of the circle will be
[Chhattisgarh NTSE Stage-I/18]
(A) 24 cm (B) 29 cm (C) 26 cm (D) 13 cm

VALUE BASED / PRACTICAL BASED QUESTIONS

1. An amusement fair was organised in a circular park for the children of slum clusters. Free food was
supplied to them at 4 stalls situated at A,B, C and D as shown in the figure.
(i) Find the angle between the lines joining stalls C, D and stalls C, B.
(ii) Are such activities helpful for society ?

2. 3 STD booths situated at A, B and C in the figure are operated by handicapped persons. These three
booths are equidistant from each other as shown in the figure.
(i) Find BAC.
(ii) Find BOC
(iii) Do you think employment provided to handicapped persons is important for the development of a
society?

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 92


Answer Key

BOARD LEVEL EXERCISE


TYPE (I) : VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS : [01 MARK EACH]
1. 3 : 1 2. 75º 3. 2 cm 4. 10 cm 5. 40º
6. 45º 7. 50º 8. 70º 9. 60º

TYPE (II) : SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS : [02 MARKS EACH]


10. 120º 17. 270º 18. BOC = 66º and AOC = 54º

EXERCISE – 01

SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Section (A) : Chord properties of Circles
A-1. 12 cm. A-2. 1 cm. A-3. 13 cm. A-4. 9.6 cm.
A-5. 20 3m.

Section (B) : Results on angles subtended by arcs and Cyclic quadrilateral


B-1. a = 45º & b = 90º. B-2. a = 140º and b = 70º B-3. 300º B-4. a = 40º and b = 90º.
B-5. 80º. B-6. 150º.

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Section (A) : Chord properties of Circles
A-1. (D) A-2. (A) A-3. (A) A-4. (C)

Section (B) : Results on angles subtended by arcs and Cyclic quadrilateral


B-1. (A) B-2. (A) B-3. (C) B-4. (C) B-5. (A)
B-6. (B) B-7. (C) B-8. (A) B-9. (D) B-10. (B)
B-11. (B)

EXERCISE – 02

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Ques. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. D B D C D D B B B C C A A A B D C A B D
Ques. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Ans. D B C C D C B C B D A C A C B D D C A C
Ques. 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Ans. D C A B A C B B D C D B A D B C D B B A
Ques. 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
Ans. B C C C A C B C C D A C A D A B D B B B
Ques. 81
Ans. C

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EXERCISE – 03

Ques. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Ans. A C D C C A C B A C B A B C A B D C A

VALUE BASED / PRACTICAL BASED QUESTIONS

1. (i) C = 80 (ii) Yes


2. (i) 60º (ii) 120º (iii) Yes

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 94

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