Legal Basis, Objectives

Essential Components of P.E

LEGAL BASIS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Article 1 of the International Charter of Physical Education

1, Interdisciplinary Regional Meeting of Experts on Physical
Education, UNESCO, Brisbane, Australia, 1982. States that: “The
practice of Physical Education and Sports is a fundamental
right for all. And this right should not be treated as different
in principle from the right to adequate food, shelter, and
medical care.

The legal basis of physical education in the Philippines can

be found in the Philippine Constitution of 1987, Article 14,
Section 19. It states that: 1) The State shall promote physical
education and encourage sports programs, league
competitions, and amateur sports, including training for
international competitions, to foster self-discipline, teamwork,
and excellence for the development of a healthy and alert
citizenry. 2) All educational institutions shall undertake
regular sports activities throughout the country in
cooperation with athletic clubs and other sectors.

As stated in the legal provision, the State encourages the

development of healthy communities as well as a healthy
citizenry by promoting Physical Education which is
manifested in different forms such as sports programs league
completion in the provincial, regional and international arena.

The services of Physical Education refers to the four

subjects given to the freshmen and sophomores in the first
four semesters of their college work as stipulated in the DECS
Order No.58, series of 1990. The first official inclusion of sport
and physical activity as part of human rights was published in
the 1978 International Charter of Physical Education and
Sports as part of the United Nations Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

Article II, Section 17- It is a declared policy of the state to

“give priority to education, science and technology, arts,
culture, and sports to foster patriotism and nationalism,
accelerate social progress, and promote total human
liberation and development”

The Legal Basis of the PE and Health

1. Habitual physical activity participation to achieve and
maintain health-enhancing levels of fitness.
2. Competence in movement and motor skills requisites to
various physical activity performances.
3. Valuing physical activities for enjoyment, challenge, social
interaction, and career opportunities.
4. Understanding various movement concepts, principles,
strategies, and tactics as they apply to the learning of physical
activity.

OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

The aim of physical education is not only for physical
development but also to equip learners with the knowledge,
skills, capacities, values, and enthusiasm to maintain and
carry on a healthy lifestyle. It promotes physical fitness and
develops motor skills, and the understanding of rules,
concepts, and strategies for playing games and sports.
Students learn to either work as part of a team, or as
individuals in a wide variety of competitive activities. The
main objectives of physical education are to:
• develop motor abilities like strength, speed, endurance,
coordination, flexibility, agility, and balance, as they are
important aspects for good performance in different games
and sports.
• develop techniques and tactics involved in organized
physical activities, games, and sports.
• acquire knowledge about the human body as its functioning
is influenced by physical activities.
• understand the process of growth and development as
participation in physical activities has a positive relationship
with it.
• develop socio-psychological aspects like control of
emotions, balanced behavior, development of leadership and
followership qualities, and team spirit through participation
in games and sports.
• develop positive health-related fitness habits which can be
practiced lifelong so as to prevent degenerative diseases.

ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

HEALTH-RELATED COMPONENTS
The health related-fitness components relate to how well
the systems of our body operate. Are our heart and other
muscles in good shape? This type of physical fitness is related
to our overall state of health. Only the health-related
components can be related to the prevention of disease and
the promotion of health. Maintaining an acceptable level of
the health-related components of fitness is recognized as a
key element in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. People who
attain such levels of fitness reduce their risks of developing
health problems, such as heart disease, low back pain, and
obesity, and improve their body’s ability to function. This is
why health-related fitness should be the concern of everyone,
regardless of age.
There are five health-related components of fitness:
- flexibility
- cardiovascular fitness
- muscular strength
- muscular endurance
- body composition
Flexibility describes the range of movement possible at
various joints. There are several tests that will give you an
indication of flexibility in joints most likely needing attention.
These tests include the sit and reach test, the shoulder stretch
test, and the v-sit test.
Cardiovascular fitness relates to the ability of the heart,
blood, blood vessels, and respiratory system to supply oxygen
and necessary fuel to the muscles during physical activity. The
best type of physical activity for improving cardiovascular
fitness is aerobic activities. Aerobic activities are those which
force the body to use a large amount of oxygen for a
sustained period of time. Sustained means that physical
activity should be done for a period of 15 to 30 minutes to get
the aerobic benefits. Examples of aerobic activities are
jogging cycling, swimming, rope jumping, and aerobic dance.
Certain sports like basketball and soccer also provide the
workout needed to achieve an aerobic training effect. Aerobic
activities provide a safeguard for your physical and mental
health.
Muscular strength and endurance are closely related
components that are very important to kids your age.
Muscular strength is the ability of a muscle group to apply a
maximal force against a resistance one time.
Muscular endurance is the ability to repeat muscle
movement for a long period of time. The partial sit-up test
can be used to measure abdominal strength. Push-ups, pull-
ups and the flexed arm hang are used to measure muscular
strength and endurance of the upper body.
Body composition is the ratio of fat to muscles, bone, and
other tissues that compose your body. A certain amount of
body fat is necessary for good health. Extremely high or low
amounts of fat can cause health problems. Another common
measurement of body composition widely used today is the
body mass index (BMI). The body mass index provides an
indication of the appropriateness of your weight relative to
your height. One important note to the BMI though is that it
does not indicate the presence of fat.
SKILL-RELATED COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
The skill-related components of physical fitness relate
specifically to skills that are used in sports.
There are 6 skill-related components:
Agility
Balance
Coordination (hand-eye and/or foot-eye)
Power
Reaction time
Speed

Power combines speed and strength. In essence, it's how fast

you can generate a maximal force. In sports, "power athletes"
are those who exert brute strength, in short, all-out efforts,
such as Olympic weightlifters, football players, and gymnasts.
Agility is the ability to move quickly and to easily change
direction with proper posture.
Speed is defined as the ability to move the body in one
direction as fast as possible.
Coordination is the ability to select the right muscle at the
right time and with the right intensity to achieve the desired
action. Coordinated movement is distinguished by the
application of appropriate speed, distance, direction, timing,
and muscular tension.
Balance refers to your ability to adjust your body position to
remain upright. It deals with proprioception, or knowing
where your body is in space, and being able to make
adjustments to your position as your center of gravity changes
during movement.
Reaction time refers to how quickly you can respond to an
external stimulus. Reaction time hinges heavily on your mind-
body connection. Your eyes see a stimulus, your mind
interprets the stimulus, and your body reacts in accordance
with that interpretation.
The Physical Activity Pyramid is similar to the food pyramid, with the
bottom containing the largest and most important activities for healthy
daily living and the top tier containing the least beneficial activities, or the
things you should do sparingly.
FITT PRINCIPLES
The FITT principle stands for Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type of
training. FITT can be applied to exercise in general or specific components
of exercise. For example, below are some general FITT guidelines for weekly
exercise.
Frequency refers to how often you exercise. The point is to meet your
goals without overtraining the body.
Daily moderate exercise is ideal, but try to exercise a minimum of 3-5 days
per week.
Intensity refers to how difficult an exercise is.
Moderate to vigorous intensity exercise is recommended for adults.
Time refers to the duration of each exercise.
30-60 minutes per day.
Type refers to what kind of exercise you’ll be doing under the umbrella of
cardio or strength training.
To maintain a well-balanced fitness level, perform a variety of exercises
including cardio, strength, and flexibility training.