STRUCTURAL

Assignment No. 4

1. It is a vertical member and may be constructed as a single piece of timber, concrete or
steel, or built up out of bricks, blocks and so on. ... However, it does not necessarily
have a load-bearing function, more often, it is provided for aesthetic purposes.
a. Column
b. Pedestal
c. Pier
d. Pillar

2. It is one of the four compression members found at the lowest foundation of bridges, fly-
overs and even under large building structures. It is a slender member with a small
cross-sectional area compared to its length. 
a. Mat foundation
b. Footing
c. Pile
d. Ground

3. They are vertical loadbearing compression members, normally with large diameter
cylindrical structures, supporting adjacent ends of bridge spans. They support the
superstructures and transfer the large super-imposed loads to the firm strata below.
a. Pier
b. Column
c. Piles
d. Abutment

4. It is a compression element provided to carry the loads from supported elements like
columns, statues etc. to footing below the ground. It is generally provided below the
metal columns. In general, its width is greater than its height.
a. Pier
b. Base
c. Piles
d. Pedestal

5. When two columns of the structure are placed, or when the bearing capacity of the soil is
low and their footings overlap each other, this type of footing is provided. It is also
described as the foundation which are made common to more than one column. 
a. Isolated footing
b. Combined footing
c. Grid footing
d. Raft footing
6. This structure is similar to combined footing. Generally, when the edge of the footing
cannot be extended beyond the property line, the exterior footing is connected by a strap
beam with interior footing. It is also called cantilever footing.
a. Isolated footing
b. Strap footing
c. Grid footing
d. Trapezoidal footing

7. This foundation consists of a reinforced concrete slab or T-beam slab placed over the
entire area of the structure due to weak soil over a large area. In this type, the whole
basement floor slab acts as the foundation. This is called so because, in this case, the
building seems like a vessel that floats on a sea of soil.

a. Grid footing
b. Strap footing
c. Foundation
d. Raft foundation

8. This type of foundation is a watertight retaining structure used as a bridge pier,

construction of the dam, etc. used in structures that require foundation beneath a river or
similar water bodies because it can be floated to the desired location and then sunk into
place. It is a ready-made hollow cylinder depressed into the soil up to the desired level
and then filled with concrete, which ultimately converts to a foundation and mostly used
as bridge piers.
a. Pile foundation
b. Mat foundation
c. Caisson foundation
d. Raft foundation
9. It is defined as that part of the structure that transfers the load from the structure
constructed on it as well as its weight over a large area of soil in such a way that the
amount does not exceed the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil and the settlement of
the whole structure remains within a tolerable limit. It is the part of a structure on which
the building stands.
a. Grid footing
b. Caisson foundation
c. Foundation
d. Mat foundation

10. The solid ground on which foundation rests is known as:

a. Foundation bed
b. Ground
c. Soil
d. Rocks
II SUPERSTRUCTURES

Upper Part

11. The major parts of a building are shown in the figure above. What is the general term for
the Upper Part?
a. Structure
b. Superstructure
c. Framing System
d. Building
12. It is a structure composed of straight members connected in triangles, requiring no
bending resistance in principle as the member forces are purely axial. Roofs and bridges
are applications for which they are well suited.
a. Roofing
b. Truss
c. Roof deck
d. Diaphragm
13. It is a type of structural frame that is simpler to design but less resistant to horizontal
forces than a portal frame used where wind or sway loads are not critical. 
a. Wind-Moment Frame
b. Moment-Resisting Frame
c. Dual System
d. Chevron
14. It is a structural frame whose purpose is not only to support gravity loads in a vertical
direction, but also to resist horizontal loads such as wind loads and sway forces. 
a. Moment Frame
b. Moment-Resisting Frame
c. Dual System
d. Portal Frame

15. A structural material which is a combination of concrete and steel wherein the steel
reinforcement provides the tensile strength lacking in the concrete. Steel reinforcing is
also capable of resisting compression forces.
a. Concrete Building
b. Reinforced Concrete
c. Composite Column
d. Built-Up Section
16. Small beams usually arranged in parallel with others to support a floor, roof or ceiling. In
domestic construction, these are usually of timber, but steel and concrete are also used.
a. Joists
b. Girts
c. Purlins
d. Beams

17. It is a measure of force causing a turning effect due to an offset distance between the
line of action and reaction. This is used to assess problems of bending in beams, or
overturning in structures such as retaining walls or dams. 
a. Couple
b. Torsion
c. Shear
d. Moment

18. These are imposed loads imparted to a structure by the objects that it supports, such as
people, furniture, vehicles and so on.
a. Gravity Load
b. Impact Load
c. Dead Load
d. Live Load

19. Is that which is built or constructed, an edifice or building of any kind, any piece of work
artificially built up or composed of parts joined together in some definite manner.
a. Framing System
b. Building
c. Structure
d. Infrastructures

20. Any structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or occupancy.
a. Framing System
b. Building
c. Structure
d. Infrastructures

21. Any change, addition or modification in construction or occupancy, is termed as:

a. Alteration
b. Change
c. Change Order
d. Revision

22. Aviation Control Towers is under what occupancy category?

a. Essential Facilities
b. Hazardous Facilities
c. Standard Facilities
d. Special Occupancy Structures
23. A force applied parallel to the longitudinal axis of a structural member but not to the
centroid of the cross section, producing bending and uneven distribution of stresses in
the section.
a. Axial Load
b. Parallel Force
c. Eccentric Load
d. Moment

24. An upright compression member with a ratio of unsupported height to average lateral
dimensions of less than 3.
a. Short column
b. Pedestal
c. Isolated footing
d. Platform

25. An instrument used for measuring minute deformations in bodies under transverse
stress.
a. Deflectometer
b. Extensometer
c. Strain gage
d. Platform

26. It is a sensor whose resistance varies with applied force; It converts force,
pressure, tension, weight, etc., into a change in electrical resistance which can then be
measured.
a. Deflectometer
b. Extensometer
c. Strain gage
d. Platform

27. What is the minimum size of wooden post?

a. 4” x 4”
b. 6” x 6”
c. 6” x 8”
d. 8” x 8”

28. Amount of water required in gallons per bag of cement to produce 3000psi concrete?
a. Not less than 3
b. Not less than 4
c. Not less than 5
d. Not less than 6

29. Curing plays a vital role in concrete strength development and durability. After adding
water to the concrete mix (Cement, Sand & Gravel), the exothermic reaction takes place,
which helps the concrete to harden. Exothermic reaction means:
a. Hydration
b. Setting
c. Hardening
d. Mixing
30. When concrete is poured, concrete starts to flow like water sometimes cavities/voids are
formed in concrete when concrete does not reach all places. If it is not vibrated properly
it may leave voids exposing the aggregate. These voids not only reduce the strength but
also provides passage for water which in turn corrodes reinforcement bars. What do you
call the voids?
a. Pores
b. Honeycomb
c. Spaces
d. Cavities