1 | 62

1. Food is a necessity of life because __________ .

A. food is a source of energy
B. food supplies cells with oxygen
C. organisms never make their own food
D. all of the above

2. This organelle works like a post office and is in charge of modifying, packaging and transporting
materials out of the cell.
A. smooth ER
B. rough ER
C. Golgi apparatus
D. vesicle

3.
The DNA of a prokaryote is

A. inside of a nucleus
B. called the nucleoid
C. in linear chromosomes
D. inside of a nucleolus

4. All of the following can be present in a prokaryotic cell except?

A. Cell wall
B. Cell membrane
C. Nucleus
D. Ribosome

5. Looking at a cell under a microscope, you note that it is a prokaryote. How do you know?
A. The cell lacks cytoplasm.
B. The cell lacks a cell membrane.
C. The cell lacks a nucleus.
D. The cell lacks genetic material.
 2 | 62

6. Prokaryotic cell walls function

A. to promote flexibility and formation of pseudopodia.
B. to prevent the cell from bursting in a hypotonic environment.
C. to propel cells (locomotion).
D. as a site of metabolic reactions (photosynthesis and cellular respiration).

7. Prokaryotic cells do NOT have

A. DNA
B. a true nucleus
C. a cell membrane
D. ribosomes

8.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a prokaryotic cell?

A. mitochondria
B. cell membrane
C. ribosomes
D. cytoplasm

9. ___ is a small, circular, double-strand, nonessential, extrachromosomal pieces of DNA in a bacteria

cell that helps increase genetic variation and helps them survive.
A. Plasmid
B. Nucleoid
C. Nucleus
D. Nucleolus
 3 | 62

10. 1. A cell is defined as

A. All of the chemical reactions necessary for life bound by a lipid membrane
B. All of the chemicals necessary for life bound by a cell wall
C. All of the chemicals with the different organelles necessary for life
D. Ribosomes, organelles, cytoplasm, and a cell wall

11. 1. The organelle responsible for cellular respiration in plants is the -

A. Chloroplast
B. Chlorophyll
C. Mitochondria
D. Stomata

12. 1. All cells must contain the following structures except:

A. A cell membrane
B. Cytoplasm
C. Ribosomes
D. A nucleus

13. 1. The large membrane bound organelle that stores water and other liquids in plants is the
A. Vesicle
B. Large central vacuole
C. Golgi complex
D. Lysosome

14. 1. All living things share which of the following characteristics?

A. The ability to grow and develop
B. The ability to breathe
C. The ability to eat
D. A large, thick cell wall covering the cell

15. 1. A ____ keep(s) the cytoplasm inside and allow nutrients in and waste products out.
A. Cell membrane
B. Chloroplast
C. Nucleus
D. Mitochondria
 4 | 62

16. What is the name of the structure that makes protein for the cell?
A. Mitochondria
B. Cytoplasm
C. Lysosome
D. Ribosome

17. What is the job of the lysosomes?

A. They store water.
B. They digest food particles.
C. They make new cells.
D. They package proteins.

18. What is the function of the mitochondria in a cell?

A. They are the control center of the cell and contain most of the cell’s DNA
B. They are the site of photosynthesis in a plant cell
C. They convert energy for the cell to use
D. They make proteins in a cell

19. What part of an animal cell keeps the cell membrane from collapsing?
A. Cell wall
B. Cytoskeleton
C. Nucleus
D. Cytoplasm

20. You discover the cell of a new species. It contains a cell wall, ribosomes, but no membrane around
its DNA. This species is most likely a
A. Bacterium
B. Plant
C. Animal
D. Eukaryote

Rathbun BIO 8 Comp

21. In which organelle is glucose converted into ATP?

a. chloroplast
b. nucleus
c. mitochondrion

d. lysosome
 5 | 62

Rathbun BIO 6 COMP

22. Glucose is broken down to release energy by the

A. ribosomes. C. mitochondria.
B. endoplasmic reticulum. D. lysosomes.

23. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by all plants?

A. cuticles
B. cell walls
C. seeds
D. chlorophyll

Rathbun BIO 7 COMP

24. A cell with a nucleoid instead of a nucleus is called a(n)

A. prokaryote. C. host.
B. endospore. D. eukaryote.

Rathbun BIO 6 COMP

25. A ____ keeps the cytoplasm inside the cell and allows nutrients in and waste products out.

A. cell membrane C. nucleus

B. lysosome D. mitochondrion

26. These molecules make up all cell membranes, and will spontaneously form a sphere when placed in
water___________.
A. amino acids
B. nucleic acids
C. proteins
D. phospholipids

Rathbun BIO 8 Pre-comprehensive Exam

27. Photosynthesis occurs in which organelle?

A. cell membrane
B. chloroplast
C. ribosome
D. mitochondria
 6 | 62

28. The main function of the cell membrane is to:

A. make energy for the cell
B. finish and package proteins
C. produce ribosomes
D. maintain homeostasis for the cell

29. What is a cellular structure that will be found in an animal cell, but not a plant cell?
A. mitochondria
B. chloroplast
C. contractile vacuole
D. centriole

Rathbun BIO 8 Pre-comprehensive Exam

30. Which of the following organelles is present in an animal cell?

A. cell wall
B. mitochondria
C. chloroplast
D. central vacuole

31.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of life?

A. maintaining homeostasis
B. sexual reproduction
C. exchanging matter
D. sense and respond to change

32. Which of these words describes humans?

A. eukaryote
B. prokaryote
C. protist
D. fungus

Rathbun BIO 7 Pre-comprehensive Exam

 7 | 62

33. Which of the following is true about mitochondria?

A. Makes proteins
B. Uses oxygen to convert food energy into cellular energy
C. Stores waste
D. Provides structure to the cell

34. Which part of the cell contains a green pigment needed for photosynthesis?
A. Centriole
B. Cytoplasm
C. Chromatin
D. Chloroplasts

35. This organelle is the only one present in prokaryotic cells.

A. rough ER
B. mitochondria
C. nucleus
D. ribosomes

36. This makes ribosomes

A. Rough ER
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Nucleolus
D. Mitochondria

37. Ribosomes use information from DNA to join amino acids together to form polypeptide chains.
This would be an example of ______
A. polymerization
B. denaturation
C. photosynthesis
D. transcription

38. A plant cell differ from animal cell in having

A. Endoplasmic reticulum
B. Mitochondria
C. Centrioles
D. Ribosome

Rathbun BIO 7 Pre-comprehensive Exam

 8 | 62

39. Which of the following is true about a plant cell?

A. The cell wall is made of chitin
B. Genetic material is found in the nucleoid
C. Contains chloroplasts
D. Does not possess membrane-bound organelles

40. How would you calculate the surface area–to-volume ratio?

A. Divide the volume by the surface area
B. Divide the total surface area of the cell by the cell’s volume
C. Multiply the area of each side times the number of sides.
D. Multiply the surface area times the volume

41. Choose the best description of cytoplasm.

A. Liquid part of the blood
B. Soft, connective tissue that cushions bones at joints
C. Everything inside a cell except the nucleus
D. Soft tissue inside bones that stores fat

Rathbun BIO 6 Pre-comprehensive Exam

42. The genetic material or DNA of a cell is located in the

A. ribosomes
B. nucleus
C. nucleolus
D. lysosomes

43. Which of the following is NOT true about the endoplasmic reticulum?
A. Transports proteins
B. Makes part of the cell membrane
C. Contains ribosomes
D. Stores genetic material

44. Use the diagram above. The structure labeled E on the diagram is the
A. Golgi body
B. nucleoulus
C. ribosome
D. lysosome
 9 | 62

45. What cell structure holds the DNA?

A. The nucleolus
B. The cytoplasm
C. The mitochondria
D. The nucleus

Rathbun BIO 7 Pre-comprehensive Exam

46. During times of drought, plants draw water from this organelle which causes the cells to become
less rigid and the plants leaves to become wilted. Which organelle stores wtare in plant cells?
A. nucleolus
B. central vacuole
C. vesicle
D. mitochondria

Rathbun BIO 7 COMP

47. The fusing of sperm and egg is called .

48. Which organelle is responsible for building proteins?

Rathbun BIO 7 Pre-comprehensive Exam

49. What is the function of ribosomes?

A. store waste
B. digest nutrients
C. sort and package lipids
D. make proteins

RATHBUN BIO 8 COMP NATIVE

50. Cellular respiration occurs within which organelle?

Rathbun BIO 7 Pre-comprehensive Exam

 10 | 62

51. During times of drought, plants draw water from this organelle which causes the cells to become
less rigid and the plants leaves to become wilted. Which organelle stores water in plant cells?
A. nucleolus
B. central vacuole
C. vesicle
D. mitochondrion

52. During times of drought, plants draw water from this organelle which causes the cells to become
less rigid and the plants' leaves to become wilted. Which organelle stores water in plant cells?
A. nucleolus
B. central vacuole
C. vesicle
D. mitochondrion

53. Which organelle controls all activities of the cell?

A. nucleus
B. ribosome
C. lysosome
D. vacuole

54. The _____________________is the control center of the cell and contains genetic material.

55. The _____________________is the control center of the cell and contains genetic material.

56. Glucose is broken down to release energy by the ____________.

A. ribosomes
B. endoplasmic reticulum
C. mitochondria
D. lysosomes
 11 | 62

57.
Glucose is broken down to release energy by the ____________.

A. ribosomes
B. endoplasmic reticulum
C. mitochondria
D. lysosomes

58.
A ____________ surrounds the cell and keeps the cytoplasm inside. It allows nutrients in and waste
products out.

A. cell membrane
B. lysosome
C. nucleus
D. mitochondrion

59. A ____________ surrounds the cell and keeps the cytoplasm inside. It allows nutrients in and waste
products out.
A. cell membrane
B. lysosome
C. nucleus
D. mitochondrion

60. Which part of a cell assembles proteins?

A. nucleolus
B. endoplasmic reticulum
C. cell membrane
D. ribosomes

61. A difference between prokaryotes and ALL eukaryotes is that

A. Prokaryotes are single celled.
B. Prokaryotes do not contain chromosomes.
C. Prokaryotes lack a nucleus.
D. Prokaryotes lack every kind of organelle.
 12 | 62

62. Organized structures that have a specific job in a cell are called:
A. Cytosol
B. Vestigial Structures
C. Organelles
D. Homologous Structures

63. 1. The __________________________________ breaks down and recycles old cell parts.

A. Lysosome
B. Nucleus
C. Ribosomes
D. Mitochondria

64. Which of the following is an example of growth and development?

A. Frogs contain DNA to pass on their genes to next generations
B. Frogs need energy to do their life processes
C. Frogs with stickier tongues will populate more because they are better adapted to catch
food
D. Frogs start as eggs, enter the tadpole stage and finally take on their adult form.

65. 1. Stimuli/Stimulus is
A. An internal or external factors that cause a reaction or a response
B. A piece of DNA that bacteria can pick up
C. State during which organisms slow down their metabolism
D. Process of becoming multicellular from unicellular

66. Kingdoms that include multicellular eukaryote heterotrophs are:

A. Archaebacteria and Protista
B. Plantae and Eubacteria
C. Eubacteria and Fungi
D. Fungi and Protista
 13 | 62

67. What is the job of the central vacuole in plant cells?

A. Breaks down waste
B. Makes sugars
C. Stores DNA
D. Stores water, nutrients, and waste

68. Which of the following is true about a plant cell?

A. The cell wall is made of chitin
B. Genetic material is found in the nucleoid
C. Contains chloroplasts
D. Does not possess membrane-bound organelles

69. An amoeba has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles therefore an amoeba must be
____________.
A. a bacterium
B. eukaryotic
C. autotrophic
D. prokaryotic

70. An amoeba has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles therefore an amoeba must be
____________.

A. a bacterium
B. eukaryotic
C. autotrophic
D. prokaryotic

71. Cells that lack a nucleus and membrane bound organelles are____________.

A. prokaryotic
B. eukaryotic
C. nucleoids
D. heterotrophs
 14 | 62

72. Which cell structure is composed of a phospholipid bilayer which acts as a thin, flexible
barrier around the cell?

A. Cell membrane
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D. Cell wall

73. During times of drought, plants draw water from this organelle which causes the cells to become
less rigid and the plants leaves to become wilted. Which organelle stores water in plant cells?
A. Nucleolus
B. Central vacuole
C. Vesicles
D. Mitochondria

74. During times of drought, plants draw water from this organelle which causes the cells to
become less rigid and the plants leaves to become wilted. Which organelle stores water
in plant cells?

A. Nucleolus

B. Central vacuole

C. Vesicles

D. Mitochondria

75. Cells that lack a nucleus and membrane bound organelles are____________.
A. prokaryotic
B. eukaryotic
C. nucleoids
D. heterotrophs
 15 | 62

76. What is the green pigment called that is found in plants and absorbs energy from sunlight?

A. chitin
B. ATP
C. glucose
D. chlorophyll

77. Which characteristic of life is illustrated by a caterpillar transforming into a butterfly?

A. Sense and respond to change
B. Movement
C. Development
D. Containing genetic material

78. Which characteristic of life is illustrated by a caterpillar transforming into a butterfly?

A. Sense and respond to change

B. Movement

C. Development

D. Containing genetic material

79. What is the green pigment called that is found in plants and absorbs energy from sunlight?
A. chitin
B. ATP
C. glucose
D. chlorophyll
 16 | 62

80. Which category of organisms make their own food?

A. Heterotrophs

B. Parasites

C. Autotrophs

D. Decomposers

81.
Which category of organisms make their own food?

A. Heterotrophs
B. Parasites
C. Autotrophs
D. Decomposers

Directions: Turn over your bubble sheet. Number the lines 82 - 82. Write your answer next to the
corresponding number. Do not skip any lines. Attempt all questions. Only completion answers on the back
of bubble sheet will be graded. Read carefully.

82. The molecule that is the major energy carrier in the cell is __________.

Examine the diagrams above and answer questions 83 - 83 using the diagram
 17 | 62

83. Which of the cells could have a cell wall?

A. Cell 1 only
B. Cells 2 and 3
C. Cells 1, 2, and 3
D. Cells 1 and 3

84. Before the energy in carbohydrates and lipids can be used to fuel cellular processes, it must
first be transferred to which energy carrying molecule?

A. Glucose
B. ATP

C. Oils

D. Phospholipids

85. Chloroplasts are used for____________.

A. Making food using the sun’s energy.

B. Breaking down nutrients into their components.

C. Synthesizing proteins.

D. Storing water.

86. ____________________ are a general category of organisms that get energy by breaking down
dead plants and animals.

87. ____________________ are a general category of organisms that get energy by breaking down
dead plants and animals.

88. ____________________reproduction results in offspring that are identical to the parent.

 18 | 62

89. 1. The Organelle that converts nutrients into energy is the __________.
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondria
C. Endoplasmic reticulum
D. Ribosomes

90. Which of the following statements is NOT a part of cell theory?

A. The most basic component of any organism is the cell.
B. All cells originate from other cells
C. All cells are animal cells.
D. All living things are made up of one or more cells.

91. Nucleoid is
A. Control Center of nucleus
B. An irregularly-shaped region within the cell of a prokaryote that contains all or most of the
genetic material
C. Region of cell where most of bacterial ribosomes are
D. Region of cell where bacteria stores water.

Examine the diagrams above and answer questions 92 - 92 using the diagram

92. Which of the cells synthesizes proteins?

A. Cell 1 only
B. Cell 2 and 3
C. Cells 1, 2, and 3
D. Cells 1 and 3
 19 | 62

Directions: Turn over your bubble sheet. Number the lines 93 - 93. Write your answer next to the
corresponding number. Do not skip any lines. Attempt all questions. Only completion answers on the back
of bubble sheet will be graded. Read carefully.

93. In the cell membrane, __________ molecules form two layers.

94. Which of the following are NOT used by cells for enegy storage?
A. fats
B. oils
C. carbohydrates
D. nuclei acids

Directions: Turn over your bubble sheet. Number the lines 95 - 96. Write your answer next to the
corresponding number. Do not skip any lines. Attempt all questions. Only completion answers on the back
of bubble sheet will be graded. Read carefully.

95. __________ are organelles where carbohydrates are broken down using oxygen to release energy.

96. Seaweed, like plants, are photosynthetic and contain the green pigment __________.

97. Which organelle is responsible for modifying proteins and packaging them in vesicles for
exocytosis?
A. endoplasmic reticulum
B. Golgi body
C. ribosomes
D. lysosomes

98. What is the job of the Golgi body?

A. It breaks down and recycles broken parts of cells
B. It•transports proteins and starts to build parts of the cell membrane
C. It sorts, packages, and sends materials inside and outside the cell
D. It makes ribosomes

99. What is the job of the Golgi body?

A. It breaks down and recycles broken parts of cells
B. It transports proteins and starts to build parts of the cell membrane
C. It sorts, packages, and sends materials inside and outside the cell
D. It makes ribosomes
 20 | 62

100. A ____ keeps the cytoplasm inside and allow nutrients in and waste products out.
A. cell membrane
B. chloroplast
C. nucleus
D. mitochondrion

101. A ____________ encloses the genetic material in eukaryotic cells and separates the
contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm.
A. nuclear membrane
B. cell wall
C. cell membrane
D. plasma membrane

102. A cell has mitochondria, ribosomes, smooth and rough ER, and other parts. Based on this
information, it could not be
A. a cell from a dog.
B. a yeast (fungus) cell.
C. a cell from a pine tree.
D. a bacterium.

103. Which of the following describes particles that move from areas of lower concentration to areas of
higher concentration?
A. Diffusion
B. Active transport
C. Facilitated osmosis
D. Facilitatied diffusion

104. A tetrad consists of..

A. 2 sister chromatid
B. only chromatin
C. 4 sister chromatid
D. 4 replicated homologous pairs
 21 | 62

105. A paramecium (animal-like protist) that is surrounded by a hypotonic solution will not burst
because
A. water is diffusing OUT of the cell.
B. of its cell wall.
C. of its contractile vacuole.
D. of its cell membrane.

106. A membrane-bound sac used to transport substances into and out of cells is a
A. proton pump.
B. macrophage.
C. vesicle.
D. lysosome.

107. All cells have cytoplasm and a

A. cell wall
B. cell membrane
C. mitochondrion
D. nucleus

108. Almost every chemical reaction that is important to a eukaryotic cell's life involves some kind of
A. lipid
B. phospholipid
C. protein
D. cellulose

109. You discover a cell of a new species. It contains a cell wall, ribosomes, but no membrane around its
DNA. This species is most likely a
A. Bacterium
B. Plant
C. Animal
D. Fungus

110. All prokaryotes have

A. one cell.
B. two cells.
C. three cells.
D. four or more cells.
 22 | 62

111. All living things are made up of smaller units called

A. Organisms
B. Organs
C. Building blocks
D. Cells

112. Which organelles are only found in animal cells?

A. Mitochondria and Vacuoles
B. Lysosomes and Centrioles
C. Chloroplasts and Golgi Bodies
D. Ribosomes and Lysosomes
 23 | 62

113.
Fill in the following organelle names or functions. (4 pts)

________________________:
Provides structure for the organelles

114. The __________ keeps the cytoplasm inside the cell and allows nutrients in and waste products out.
A. cell membrane
B. nucleolus
C. nucleus
D. mitochondrion
 24 | 62

115. Which organelle can be found in both a plant cell and an animal cell?
A. Chloroplast
B. Central vacuole
C. Mitochondria
D. Cell wall

116. 1) Which structure is usually found in plant cells, but not in animal cells?

A. Cytoplasm
B. A large central vacuole
C. Mitochondria
D. A nucleus

117. A fungus obtains energy by breaking dead organisms down externally first and absorbing the
nutrients later. It is therefore an example of a
A. decomposer
B. producer
C. consumer
D. predator

118. 1. Which organelle is NOT involved in making, modifying, or moving proteins?

A. Nucleus
B. Rough ER
C. Centrosome
D. Golgi apparatus

119. 1. ALL living things have each of the following characteristics EXCEPT
A. Sensing and responding to change
B. Having DNA
C. Movement
D. Growth and development
 25 | 62

120.
1. Fill in the following organelle names or functions. (4 pts)
 26 | 62

121. Which of the following types of reproduction results in offspring identical to the parent?

A. Sexual reproduction

B. Fertilization

C. Asexual reproduction

D. Pollination

122. ALL living things have each of the following characteristics EXCEPT

A. Sensing and responding to change

B. Having DNA

C. Movement

D. Growth and development

 27 | 62

123. 1. Fill in the following organelle names or functions. (4 pts)

124. In a eukaryotic cell, ATP is made in the

A. mitochondria
B. chloroplast
C. endoplasmic reticulum
D. nucleus

125. Which organelle can be found in both a bacterial cell and a plant cell?
A. Nucleus
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondria
D. Chloroplast
 28 | 62

126. Describe four differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (4 pts)

127. Which organelle is NOT involved in making, modifying, or moving proteins?

A. Nucleus
B. Rough ER
C. Smooth ER
D. Golgi apparatus

128. Which type of macromolecule is the main component of the cell membrane?
A. Transport proteins
B. Starch
C. Phospholipids
D. RNA

129. Which cell organelle converts oxygen into usable energy?

A. nucleus
B. nucleolus
C. mitochondria
D. endoplasmic reticulum

130. Where in human cells is DNA stored?

A. nucleus
B. nucleolus
C. ribosome
D. cytoplasm

131. The metabolism of an organism includes activities such as

A. making food
B. building cells
C. moving materials into and out of cells
D. all of the above
 29 | 62

132. Which of the following is a TRUE statement about all living things?
A. They are generally unable to respond to the changes in their enviorment.
B. They have one or more cells.
C. They do not need to use energy.
D. They all reproduce asexually.

133. Cells do NOT use ______ for energy storage.

A. fats
B. carbohydrates
C. oils
D. nucleic acids

134. Organisms that have cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles are
A. prokaryotes
B. archaebacteria
C. eubacteria
D. eukaryotes

135. Which organelle is responsible for providing the energy needed to carry out the functions of life?
A. golgi apparatus
B. nucleus
C. mitochondria
D. ribosomes

136. What separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment?
A. nucleus
B. ribosome
C. golgi apparatus
D. plasma membrane

137. As you enter a cold room you get goose bumps and you begin to shiver. This demonstrates which
characteristic of life?
A. metabolism
B. homeostasis
C. heredity
D. growth and development
 30 | 62

138. You get your characteristics from both of your parents. This is known as __________.
A. homeostasis
B. metabolism
C. heredity
D. growth and development

139. The cell membrane allows some molecules to enter the cell, but stops others from entering the cell.
The cell membrane is __________.
A. water-proof
B. hydrophilic
C. selectively permeable
D. selectively hydrophobic

140. Which statement is part of cell theory?

A. All cells contain a nucleus
B. The cell is the most basic unit of life
C. Cells are always too small to see
D. Living things are made of two or more cells

141. Which of the following structures are found outside the nucleus of a cell and contains DNA?
A. mitochondria and chloroplasts
B. mitochondria and ribosomes
C. chloroplasts and ribosomes
D. ribosomes and lysosomes

142. Which organism stores its DNA in a nucleoid region?

A. Cyanobacteria
B. Phytoplankton
C. Fungus
D. A virus

143. What eukaryotic cell structure breaks down toxins and makes lipids?
A. Mitochondria
B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
C. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D. Vesicles
 31 | 62

144. The nucleolus is inside the _____. It makes _____.

A. Cytoplasm; vesicles
B. Endoplasmic reticulum; lipids
C. Mitochondria; DNA
D. Nucleus; ribosomes

145. What structure is found in cactus cells but not in your own cells?
A. Chloroplasts
B. Mitochondria
C. A nucleoid region
D. Ribosomes

146. Which of the following stores the information for how to make proteins?
A. ribosome
B. DNA
C. lipid
D. ATP

147. Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A. Chloroplasts are found in some protists.
B. Plant cells have chloroplasts.
C. Chloroplasts convert sugar into usable energy.
D. Chloroplasts have a green pigment inside.

148. Where does photosynthesis take place in Eukaryotic cells?

A. chloroplast
B. nucleus
C. lysosome
D. mitochondria

149. Which of the following organisms does NOT have a cell wall?
A. plant
B. fungus
C. animal
D. bacteria
 32 | 62

150. Which of the following statements supports Cell Theory?

A. A new living organism is discovered, but it is not made of cells.
B. The basic unit of living things is the nucleus.
C. A cell is discovered that is made from dirt.
D. A new living organism is discovered on another planet, and it is made of cells.

151. What molecule provides the energy needed for chemical reactions within a cell?
A. oxygen
B. ATP
C. water
D. chlorophyl

152. Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane?

A. The cell membrane generates energy for the cell.
B. The cell membrane produces nucleic acids.
C. The cell membrane controls metabolism.
D. The cell membrane blocks some materials from entering the cell.

153. ________________________ small spheres of lipid bilayers that are used to move molecules
around in a cell

154. ________________________ breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into smaller parts to
be used by the cell

155. ________________________ Use H2O, CO2 and sunlight to perform photosynthesis, making
sugars for the cell

156. What is one characteristic of life that viruses have? How is the way that viruses carry it out
different than the way that protists do it? (Answer in one or two quality, complete sentences.)

157. What is the function of the nucleus?

A. Store DNA
B. Make proteins
C. Make lipids
D. Store fat
 33 | 62

158. What is the function of the nucleolus?

A. Stores materials to make the cell membrane
B. Stores materials to make ribosomes
C. Stores materials to make lysosomes
D. Stores materials to make lipids

159. What is the function of the mitochondria?

A. Destroy things that invade the cell
B. Make proteins
C. Convert stored energy into usable energy
D. Provide instructions how to make proteins

160. Which of the following structures converts glucose sugar to ATP?

A. Nucleus
B. Ribosome
C. Cell Membrane
D. Mitochondria

161. Which of the following is a function of the lysosome?

A. Makes proteins
B. Destroys worn-out organelles
C. Stores DNA
D. Transports proteins around the cell

162. The large protein and RNA structure that builds proteins is
A. lysosome
B. golgi apparatus
C. ribosome
D. endoplasmic reticulum

163. Keratin protein molecules are produced by

A. mitochondria
B. ribosomes
C. endoplasmic reticulum
D. golgi apparatus
 34 | 62

164. In this course we have spent a lot of time discussing how to categorized organisms using their
various traits (e.g. what kind and how many cells they have, how they get their food, how they
reproduce, etc). Apply what you have learned about classification to identify three organisms you
might meet during a scuba diving trip. Write the domain, kingdom, and phylum into which each
organism would be classified. (The organisms must be in three separate kingdoms.) Describe one
way the three organisms are similar to each other. Describe one way in which they are different
from each other. Use quality, complete sentences and limit your response to the lines below. (5pts)

165. Which of the following characteristics of living things best explains why birds fly south for the
winter?
A. Living things respond to their environment
B. Living things grow and develop
C. Living things are made up of units called cells
D. Living things contain DNA

Biology 6: Native Pre-Comprehensive Exam

166. All of the following are rules in the cell theory EXCEPT:
A. All living things are made of cells.
B. Cells are the basic units of life.
C. Cells are produced from pre-existing cells.
D. Some cells eat other cells.

167. DNA is stored in the _____________________, the “control center” of the cell.
A. Nucleus
B. Golgi Apparatus
C. Lysosomes
D. Ribosomes

168. _________________is known as the “Father of the Microscope” and observed pond scum.
A. Robert Hooke
B. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
C. Theodor Schwann
D. Matthias Schleiden
 35 | 62

169. Which cell parts store water and nutrients for the cell?
A. ribosomes
B. lysosomes
C. vesicles
D. vacuoles

170. Which of the following is found in all cells?

A. large central vacuole
B. cytoplasm
C. cell wall
D. flagella

171. Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes contain...

A. A nucleus
B. Ribosomes
C. Golgi bodies
D. Endoplasmic reticulum

172. Which of the following tissue types is made up of cells that can contract and relax?
A. connective tissue
B. muscle tissue
C. nervous tissue
D. skin tissue

173. What is the most basic unit of life? In other words, what is the smallest thing that is considered
alive?
A. atom
B. cell
C. organ
D. organelle
 36 | 62

Use the following to answer questions 174 - 175...

174. The structure labeled E on the diagram is

A. Ribosome
B. Nucleolus
C. Vesicle
D. Mitochondria

175. The structure labeled B on the diagram is

A. Endoplasmic Reticulum
B. Lysosome
C. Nucleus
D. Cell membrane

176. During cell division in eukaryotic cells, the cytoplasm and the chromosomes are divided between
the two daughter cells. What else needs to be divvied up between the daughter cells?
A.
mitochondria
B.
endoplasmic reticulum
C.
the Golgi complex
D. all of the above
 37 | 62

177.

Which label is pointing at a mitochondrion?

A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D

178. Phospholipid molecules form the

A. cell membrane
B. cell wall
C. ribosomes
D. DNA

179. Which organelle breaks down organelles that are no longer useful?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Endoplasmic reticulum
C. Lysosome
D. Mitochondrion

180. The maximum size of a cell is limited by...

A. the area that exchanges material with the environment
B. the number of organelles that can fit inside
C. the materials needed to construct the cell
D. the amount of flexibility it requires to move
 38 | 62

181. Which organelle converts glucose into an energy called ATP, which our body can use?
A. golgi apparatus
B. nucleolus
C. mitochondrion
D. lysosome

182. 1. Which of the following structures would NOT be found in an animal cell?
A. Chloroplast
B. Lysosome
C. Mitochondria
D. Nucleus

183. Which of the following is NOT surrounded by a membrane?

A. golgi complex
B. mitochondrion
C. nucleus
D. ribosomes

184. The ___ gives shape to a cell and helps it move.

A. cytoskeleton
B. vesicle
C. cell wall
D. mitochondria

185. Materials that are to be released outside the cell are transported to the cell membrane in a small
compartment that has pinched off the
A. nucleus
B. mitochondrion
C. rough endoplasmic reticulum
D. golgi apparatus

186. As cells grow, which of the following is true?

A. Their cell surface area grows faster than their volume.
B. Their volume grows faster than their cell surface area.
C. Their volume and cell surface area grow at the same rate.
D. Cells do not grow and this is a trick question.
 39 | 62

187. What statement is correct about bound ribosomes?

A. They are bound to membrane of endoplasmic reticulum
B. They are found in the nucleus.
C. They are found in prokaryotic cells
D. They are involved in lipid synthesis

188. Which organelle breaks down other molecules that are no longer useful?
A. Lysosome
B. Mitochondrion
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Endoplasmic reticulum

189. Which of the following statements represents a piece of Cell Theory?

A. All cells contain membrane bound organelles
B. All cells perform photosynthesis to obtain energy to grow and reproduce
C. The cell is the most basis unit of life
D. Eukaryotic cells are the product of endosymbiosis

190.
Anton van Leuwenhoek was the first to see and describe:
A. Plant cells.
B. Animal cells.
C. Bacteria in water.
D. Cork cells.

191. A student viewed a cell under the microscope and noted that the cells were very small, rod-shaped,
and did not have nucleus. Which of the following types of cells did the student most likely observe?
A. Prokaryotic spores
B. Prokaryotic baccilli
C. Eukaryotic fungi
D. Eukaryotic protozoans
 40 | 62

192. The hereditary material that controls all the activities of a cell, contains the information to make
new cells, and provides instructions for making proteins is
A. DNA
B. chlorophyll
C. ADP
D. nucleus

193. Below is an image and description of a creature. This creature is called the Squipmonk, a nocturnal
rodent that lives for 20 years and is found in berry bushes of the United States and Australia. It is classified as
a mammal competes with other herbivores for shrubbery, tree leaves and seeds. A few unique traits of this
organism is that it has pink and purple fur, hibernates for 8 months out of the year, can willingly move the
accumulation of adipose tissue from one place in the body to another, and has an a hyperactive immune
system during hibernation when its ATP production is lower. In addition to the traits listed above, this
creature possesses incisors that continuously grow throughout its lifetime (at trait that is very unique in
mammals).

194. Which of the following is NOT part of the cell theory?

A. All cells have a nucleus.
B. Every living organism is made of one or more cells.
C. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function.
 41 | 62

195. This is true of all cells.

A. Has a nucleus
B. Come from other cells
C. Has a cell wall.
D. Cells can't live on their own.

196. Which of the following is NOT a part of cell theory?

A. All living things are made out of one or more cells.
B. All cells have a nucleus to contain DNA.
C. All cells arise from other cells.
D. The cell is the basic unit of all living things.

197. All cells come from ______.

A. mitosis
B. meiosis
C. pre-existing cells
D. spontaneous generation

198. A single-celled plankton is a living organism.

Yes No
Explain:

199. Which of the following is correct about Cell Theory?

A. the smallest unit of life is cell organelles
B. living organisms are made up of one cell
C. organisms are made up of random groups of cells
D. cells come from pre-existing cells

200. 1. Which of the following statements is part of the cell theory?

A. The most basic unit of any organism is the tissue.
B. All organisms are made up of five or more cells.
C. Plant and animal cells are both prokaryotes.
D. All cells come from previously existing cells.
 42 | 62

201. Which of the following organisms are prokaryotes?

A. Plants
B. Bacteria
C. Animlas
D. Fungi

202. Which organelle packages materials that will be shipped out of the cell?
A. Centrioles
B. Mitochondria
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Lysosomes

203. Which of the following types of organisms have a cell wall?

A. fungi
B. plants
C. some bacteria
D. all of the above

204. Which structures are involved in cell movement?

A. cytoplasm and ribosomes
B. microtubules and microfilaments
C. nucleolus and nucleus
D. chromosomes

205. Which of the following is NOT found in the nucleus?

A. Mitochondria
B. Nucleolus
C. Chromatin
D. DNA

206. In an eukaryotic cell (such as the cells in the human body) which organelles process sugar,
converting energy in sugar to a form that is usable by the cell?
A. mitochondria
B. nuclei
C. ribosomes
D. vesicles
 43 | 62

207. Organisms that have cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles are
A. Prokaryotes
B. Archaebactera
C. Eubacteria
D. Eukaryotes

208. Which best describes a prokaryotic cell?

A. Protein coat surrounding genetic material
B. Nucleus, ribosomes, and a cell wall
C. Cytoplasm, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, and a nucleoid region
D. Nucleoid region, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and cell wall

209. Which of the following characteristics of living things best explains why birds fly south for the
winter?
A. Living things respond to their environment.
B. Living things maintain internal balance.
C. Living things are made up of cells.
D. Living things possess the ability to move.

210. OH NO!!! You went on vacation and forgot to water your plants. When you return they have all
wilted. When you water them they will stand back up again. Which organelle is storing all of that
water?
A. Vacuole
B. Central vacuole
C. Cell wall
D. Chloroplast

211. The cell walls of plants are used to establish turgor pressure and prevent plant cells from bursting.
What macromolecule does the plant cell wall consist of?
A. Proteins
B. Lipids
C. Nucleic acids
D. Carbohydrates
 44 | 62

212. Which sequence correctly shows the path of a protein from assembly to excretion out of the cell?
A. ribosome, rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi apparatus, cell membrane
B. ribosome, rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, chloroplast, mitochondria
C. rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, lysosomes, Golgi appartus, cell membrane
D. ribosome, Golgi apparatus, rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

213. Which of the following organelles contains enzymes used to breakdown and recycle lipids,
carbohydrates and proteins into smaller molecules?
A. chloroplast
B. lysosomes
C. cytoskeleton
D. Golgi apparatus

214. If one of the cell's main functions was to make a large amount of protein, you would expect to find a
large number of which of the following...?
A. mitochondria
B. vacuole
C. ribosomes
D. lipids

215. Which of the following organelles in animal cells is used to move genetic material during cell
division?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Centrioles
C. Endoplasmic reticulum
D. Nucleus

216. During times of drought, plants draw water from this organelle which causes the cells to become
less rigid and the plants leaves to become wilted. Which organelle stores water in plant cells?
A. central vacuole
B. food vacuole
C. vesicle
D. contractile vacuole
 45 | 62

217. Which if the following describes the main function of the cell wall?
A. support and protect the cell
B. store DNA and keep it from being damaged
C. help move the cell around in the tissue
D. control cell energy production

218. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that all living things share?
A. All living things reproduce.
B. All living things obtain water by drinking.
C. All living things sense and respond to change
D. All living things use energy.

219. All living things share which of the following characteristics?

A. The ability to grow and develop.
B. The ability to breathe oxygen.
C. The ability to eat and digest food.
D. The ability to move all appendages.

220. All living things share which of the following characteristics?

A. The ability to grow and develop
B. The ability to breathe
C. The ability to eat
D. A large, thick cell wall covering the cell

221. Which of the following characteristics of living things best explains why birds migrate south during
winter seasons?

A. Living things grow and develop.

B. Living things are made up of cells.
C. Living things contain DNA.
D. Living things respond to their environment.

222. What is the stimulus in the following scenario?

All students begin to pack up after the lunch bell rings.
A. All the students
B. Students begin to pack
C. The lunch bell rings
D. There is no stimulus in this scenario
 46 | 62

223. A cherry tree produces thousands of cherries that are eaten by birds, thereby spreading seeds across
the land some of which will grow into trees themselves. Which characteristic of life is being
represented by this scenario?
A. sense & response
B. genetic material
C. cellular composition
D. reproduction

224. Which of the following means making more of the same type of organism?
A. Reproduce
B. Grow
C. Develop
D. Use energy

225. The metabolism of an organism includes activities such as...

A. making food
B. obtaining food
C. using energy
D. all of the above

226. Which of the following have circular DNA?

A. Bacteria
B. Fungi
C. Paramecium
D. All of the above

227. Where are ribosomes produced?

A. In the Lysosome
B. In the Nucleolus
C. In the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
D. In the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

228. Which organelle helps destroy toxins and drugs in a cell?

A. Mitochondrion
B. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
C. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
D. Vesicle
 47 | 62

229. The Golgi apparatus ___________.

A. makes and destroys ribosomes
B. packages, modifies, and ships proteins
C. makes and destroys sugars
D. ships substances to the nucleus

230. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living things?

A. ability to reproduce
B. composed of multiple cells
C. growth and development
D. response to the environment

231. Traveling from the middle of a mitochondrion and going outward, which structures would you
encounter (in order)?
A. E.T.C, matrix, outer membrane, inner membrane
B. inner membrane, inter-membrane space, outer membrane, matrix
C. inter-membrane space, matrix, inner membrane, outer membrane
D. matrix, inner membrane, inter-membrane space, outer membrane

232. Insulin is a protein that is produced by pancreatic cells and released into the bloodstream. Which of
the following choices best describes the route of insulin from its production to its exit from the cell?
A. rough ER, transport vesicles, cell membrane
B. rough ER, Golgi complex, smooth ER, cell membrane
C. rough ER, lysosomes, transport vesicles, cell membrane
D. rough ER, transport vesicles, Golgi complex, transport vesicles, cell membrane

233. Which organelle controls all activities of the cell?

A. nucleus
B. ribosome
C. lysosome
D. vacuole

234. __________ break down glucose to release energy.

A. Ribosomes
B. Endoplasmic reticula
C. Lysosomes
D. Mitochondria
 48 | 62

235. The nucleolus is located in the ___________________________ and it is the site of

________________ synthesis.
A. cytoplasm, chloroplast
B. cytoplasm, energy
C. nucleus, DNA
D. nucleus, ribosome

236. Collagen is an important component of the integumentary system. From does it orginate?
A. Mitochondria
B. Ribosomes
C. Cell membrane
D. Smooth ER

237. This type of consumer eats both plants and animals

A. decomposer
B. omnivore
C. producer
D. herbivore

238. Cells that lack nuclei and membrane-bound organelles are __________, whereas those that have
nuclei and membrane-bound organelles are __________.
A. prokaryotic; eukaryotic
B. eukaryotic; prokaryotic
C. nucleic; prokaryotic
D. nucleic; eukaryotic

239. Which of the following structures assists with maintaining homeostasis?

A. sweat glands
B. hair follicles
C. keratin
D. melanin

240. Why do small cells work more efficiently than large cells?
A. They require less nutrients to survive thus producing less waste compared to large cells
B. The surface to volume ratio is greater for small cells than it is for large cells
C. They can transport materials in and out of the cell faster than large cells
D. All of the above
 49 | 62

241. Based on the three tenets of cell theory, which of the following statements is true?
A. All living things have a cellular composition
B. Cells originated from chemical combinations of material in Earth's atmosphere
C. All epithelial cells come from previously existing epithelial cells
D. Chemicals are the smallest unit of life

242. If a cell is unable to break down materials and reuse the nutrients, if might not have any...
A. vesicles
B. lysosomes
C. ribosomes
D. smooth ER

243. Bacterial endospores

A. occur when there is plenty of food.
B. begin growing immediately.
C. allow bacteria to survive harsh environmental conditions.
D. turn bacteria into archaea.

244. Two types of organisms whose cells do not have a nucleus are
A. prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
B. protists and fungi.
C. bacteria and archaea.
D. viruses and bacteria.

245. Lipids are synthesized

A. in the smooth ER.
B. on the rough ER.
C. in the chloroplasts.
D. on ribosomes.

246. Coded instructions for making proteins leave the nucleus. The proteins are assembled in the
A. Golgi apparatus.
B. mitochondria.
C. vacuoles.
D. ribosomes.
 50 | 62

247. The cell theory states that all organisms are made of cells, cells are the most basic unit of life and
A. all cells form by free-floating formation.
B. all cells are eukaryotic.
C. all cells are produced by other living cells.
D. all cell have a nucleus.

248. Muscle cells have a large number of mitochondria compared to other cells types. This is because
A. muscle cells are larger than other cells.
B. muscle cells have a lower surface area to volume ratio than other cells.
C. muscle cells require a greater amount of energy than other cells.
D. there are more muscle cells than other cells.

249. Which organelles are involved in energy conversion?

A. mitochondria and lysosomes
B. mitochondria and chloroplasts
C. smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum
D. Golgi apparatus and chloroplasts

250. Which organelles are thought to have originated as prokaryotic cells that were engulfed by larger
cells?
A. Ribosomes and Mitochondria
B. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
C. Golgi Bodies and Chloroplasts
D. Smooth ER and Rough ER

251. What is the endosymbiont theory?

A. A theory which states that all creatures will evolve into one single organism.
B. A theory which states that eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells.
C. A theory which states that all living things come from within another living thing.
D. A theory which states that prokaryotic cells evolved from eukaryotic cells.

252. Where does the electron transport chain take place during cellular respiration?
A. at the ribosomes
B. within the cytoplasm
C. across the thyakloid membrane
D. across the inner mitochondria membrane
 51 | 62

253. An organism is observed using a light microscope. It has membrane-bound organelles and is
unicellular. This lifeform is most likely a(n) ______.
A. virus
B. archaea
C. eukaryote
D. prokaryote

254. Which organelle has ribosomes attached to its surface and facilitates the production of extracellular
proteins?
A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B. Mitochondrion
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

255.
1) What is the cellular structure labeled 2?

A. Nucleolus
B. Rough ER
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Mitochondria

256. ____________________________ reproduction requires two parents and produces offspring that
will share characteristics of both parents.
 52 | 62

257. A change in DNA that can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral is called a(n)
__________________________.

258. A change in an organism's environment that affects the activity of the organism is called a
___________________________.

259. Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory?
A. The most basis part of any organism is the cell.
B. All cells come from other cells.
C. All cells have the same shape.
D. Living things are made up of one or more cells.

260. The small structures inside of cells are called __________ .

A. organs
B. organelles
C. systems
D. tissues

261. The control center of a cell is the __________ .

A. ribosome
B. cell membrane
C. endoplasmic reticulum
D. nucleus

262. The __________ releases energy from nutrients in a cell.

A. mitochondrion
B. endoplasmic reticulum
C. ribosome
D. vacuole

263. The endoplasmic reticulum functions to __________ .

A. transport proteins
B. make ribosomes
C. destroy old cell parts
D. store nutrients
 53 | 62

Use the numbered lines on the back of the answer sheet to complete the following questions. Write the word
or phrase that completes the sentence next to the corresponding number on your answer sheet. Do not use
acronyms or abbreviations.

264. The process by which organisms maintain constant internal conditions is referred to as
___________ .

265. The fluid and everything within the fluid found inside of a cell (excluding the nucleus) are
collectively called the __________ .

266. Chloroplasts are used for __________ .

A. making food using the sun's energy
B. breaking down nutrients into their component parts
C. synthesizing proteins
D. storing water

On the back of the answer sheet, write the word or phrase that best completes each sentence or question next
to the corresponding number. Please do not use abbreviations. Only answers on the answer sheet will be
graded.

267. A large membrane covered chamber in plant cells that stores water and other materials is called a
__________ __________ .

268. Cells that lack nuclei and membrane covered organelles are __________ .

269. A general category of organisms that get energy by making their own food are called __________ .

270. What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

A. It transports proteins
B. It transforms energy
C. It controls the cell
D. It breaks down sugars
 54 | 62

271. Lysosomes are vesicles containing __________.

A. enzymes
B. fats
C. DNA
D. energy

272. Mitochondria provide the cell with usable __________.

A. enzymes
B. fats
C. DNA
D. energy

273. The nucleolus produces __________.

A. proteins
B. enzymes
C. ribosomes
D. lysosomes

274. Homeostasis
A. helps keep you alive.
B. helps you by giving you energy.
C. maintains a stable internal environment.
D. changes your body temperature.
 55 | 62

275. Which type of cell is pictured here?

A. prokaryote
B. bacteria
C. eukaryote
D. virus

276. What structure regulates what enters and leaves the cell, allowing the cell to maintain homeostasis?
A. Cytoplasm
B. Nucleus
C. Cell membrane
D. Nucleolus

277. What is the job of the Golgi body?

A. Makes parts of the cell membrane and transports proteins
B. Sorts, packages, and sends materials inside and outside the cell
C. Makes energy for the cell
D. Breaks down and recycles cell parts

278. What kind of tissue is cartilage?

A. Nervous tissue
B. Epithelial tissue
C. Connective tissue
D. Muscle tissue
 56 | 62

279. Sharks have small pores in their head that can detect changes in electric fields (they are called
ampullae of Lorenzini). The ampullae allows them to detect electrical changes such as those
produced by muscle movements. This amazing ability allows them to detect prey that are hiding in
the sand. What characteristic of life does this illustrate?
A. Reproduction
B. Has DNA
C. Growth and development
D. Sense and respond to change

Use the following to answer questions 280 - 280

280. What is the cellular structure that packages proteins, labeled 2?

A. Nucleolus
B. Rough ER
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Mitochondria
 57 | 62

281. What is the fluid mosaic model?

A. It is a model depicting the fluidity of the membrane.
B. It is a model depicting the fluidity of cytoplasm in the cell.
C. It is a model describing how parts of the cell membrane can break apart and reassemble with
fluidity and the parts are all different like a mosaic.
D. It is a model describing how parts of the cell membrane determine how fluid it is and the parts
are all different like a mosaic.

282. An organism reacts to a stimulus by having a response. This describes which characteristic of living
things?
A. sense and respond to change
B. growth and development
C. made of cells
D. reproduction

283. Which cell structure contains the cell’s genetic material?

A. vacuole
B. nucleus
C. cell membrane
D. cytoplasm

284. If a cell had to make a large amount of proteins your would expect to find a larger number of
_____________________?
A. mitochondria
B. vacuole
C. ribosomes
D. lipids

285. Which best describes a prokaryotic cell?

A. Protein coat surrounding genetic material
B. Nucleus, ribosomes, and a cell wall
C. Cytoplasm, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, and a nucleoid region
D. Nucleoid region, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and cytoplasm
 58 | 62

286. Which structure is present in plant but not animal cells?

A. Cell wall
B. Mitochondria
C. Lysosomes
D. Ribosomes

287. The arrangement of phospholipids in the cell membrane would best be described as
A. One layer made of hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails
B. Bilayer made of hydrophilic heads on the outside and hydrophobic tails on inside
C. One layer made of only lipid tails
D. Bilayer made of hydrophilic heads on inside and hydrophobic tails on outside

288. In a eukaryotic cell, the genetic material is located in which structure?

A. cell membrane
B. ribosome
C. nucleus
D. ER

289. What is the function of a lysosome?

A. Organize cell division
B. Synthesize proteins
C. Maintains cell shape
D. Break down and recycle macromolecules

290. According to the endosymbiotic theory, which organelles evolved from primitive oxygen-using
prokaryotes?
A. The nucleus and mitochondria
B. The nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts
C. Chloroplasts and lysosomes
D. Mitochondria and chloroplasts

291. Which structure contains and protects DNA in a eukaryotic cell?

A. Nucleoid
B. Nucleus
C. Nucleic Acid
D. Nucleolus
 59 | 62

292. Which of the following enclose their DNA in a nucleus?

A. Viruses
B. Bacteria
C. Eukaryotes
D. Prokaryotes

293. What makes plants green and captures energy from the sun?
A. Oeganelles
B. Carbondioxide
C. Chlorophyll
D. Vacuoles

294. What kind of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) makes lipids and breaks down harmful materials?
A. Rough ER
B. Smooth ER
C. Spiral ER
D. NUclear ER

295. What plant cell organelle stores water and helps support the cell?
A. large central lysosome
B. large central vacuole
C. large central mitochondrion
D. large central chloroplast

296. The combined observations of Mattias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann and Rudolph Virchow resulted
in the formation of the cell theory. Which of the following is not part of the cell theory?
A. All cells contain a nucleus.
B. All cells come from other living cells.
C. All living organisms are made of one or more cells.
D. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living things

297. Which of the following isa function of the Cytoskeleton?

A. Helps a cell keep its shape
B. Surrounds the cell
C. Contains DNA
D. Helps make Proteins
 60 | 62

298. While hiking on a hot day you begin to sweat. This sweat is cooling your body off in order to keep
you from overheating. This ability to maintain a stable internal environment is called
A. homeostasis
B. reproduction
C. water regulation
D. sensing change

299. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all life?

A. Sexual reproduction
B. Growth and develop
C. Maintain homeostasis
D. Use energy

300. Which of the following structures let substances pass in and out of ANIMAL cells?
A. Cell membrane
B. Epidermis
C. Cell wall
D. Mitochondria

301. An aquatic protist that is able to photosynthesize is:

A. Algae
B. Moss
C. Fungi
D. Yeast

302. Bacteria are classified as prokaryotic because they:

A. Have a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
B. Have no nucleus and no membrane bound organelles.
C. Do not perform cellular respiration.
D. Have Linear DNA in a true nucleus.

303. A difference between prokaryotes and ALL eukaryotes is that:

A. Prokaryotes are single celled.
B. Prokaryotes do not contain chromosomes.
C. Prokaryotes lack a nucleus.
D. Prokaryotes lack every kind of organelle.
 61 | 62

304. Chloroplasts are used for____________.

A. Making food using the sun’s energy.
B. Breaking down nutrients into their components.
C. Synthesizing proteins.
D. Storing water.

305. Before the energy in carbohydrates and lipids can be used to fuel cellular processes, it must first be
transferred to which energy carrying molecule?
A. Glucose
B. ATP
C. Oils
D. Phospholipids

306. Which organelle can be found in both a plant cell and an animal cell?
A. Chloroplast
B. Central vacuole
C. Mitochondria
D. Cell wall

307. The signal that an organism responds to, and changes that organism's behavior, is called:
A. A stimulus
B. A response
C. Homeostasis
D. Evolution

308. To which of the following trophic levels could an animal NOT be included in?
A. Primary consumer
B. Primary producer
C. Secondary consumer
D. Tertiary consumer

309. The type of life cycle a virus follows when many copies of a virus are made inside of the host cell,
causing the hoste cell to burst is:
A. The lysogenic cycle
B. The reproductive cycle
C. The lytic cycle
D. The burst cycle
 62 | 62

310. In which of the following would you expect to find a nucleoid?

A. Fungi
B. Eukaryotes
C. Viruses
D. Bacteria

311. A cell that does not have any ___ cannot convert glucose into usable energy.
A. golgi bodies
B. ribosomes
C. mitochondria
D. lysosomes

312. What is the function of the Golgi Body?

A. To sort materials and package them into vesicles for transport around the cell
B. To modify the tertiary structure of a protein
C. To generate ATP to help the cell move
D. To detoxify the cell and produce lipids for the cell membrane