Instructional - Booklet
Instructional - Booklet
Instructional - Booklet
Celino Romero
T H E A R T O F
Spanish Guitar
Preview edition
An introduction to playing Spanish Guitar.
Includes:
• Basic music theory
• How to hold the guitar correctly
• Proper placement of right and left hands
• Apoyando and Enganchando
• First exercises and songs
• Preview DVD with excerpts from The Art of Spanish Guitar DVD
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE ..............................................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................3
PARTS OF THE GUITAR ........................................................................................................4
Tuning............................................................................................................................5
MUSICAL NOTATION ...........................................................................................................6
Pitch Notation ................................................................................................................6
Accidentals......................................................................................................................7
Rhythm Notation............................................................................................................7
HOW TO “HUG” AND HOLD THE GUITAR ...........................................................................9
THE RIGHT HAND ............................................................................................................11
Terminology for the Right Hand ...................................................................................11
Placement of the Right Hand ........................................................................................11
Your First Sounds .........................................................................................................12
REST STROKES ..................................................................................................................14
Rest Strokes of the Thumb.............................................................................................14
Exercises for the Rest-Stroke Thumb ..............................................................................15
Rest Strokes of the Fingers .............................................................................................15
Exercises for Rest-Stroke Fingers ....................................................................................16
THE LEFT HAND ..............................................................................................................17
Terminology for the Left Hand......................................................................................17
Position and Posture .....................................................................................................17
GETTING TO KNOW THE FINGERBOARD ............................................................................19
First Reading Exercises ..................................................................................................20
Lesson No. 1 (Fernando Sor) ..................................................................................................................22
Lesson No. 2 (Fernando Sor) ..................................................................................................................23
Exclusive Distributors:
Music Sales Corporation
257 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10010 USA
Music Sales Limited
14-15 Berners Street, London W1T 3LJ England
Music Sales Pty. Limited
120 Rothschild Street, Rosebery, Sydney, NSW 2018, Australia
PREFACE
Congratulations on your purchase and thank you for choosing Cordoba, makers of fine
classical guitars. This preview of Celino Romero’s The Art of Spanish Guitar will help you get
started and guide you through the basics, such as holding your guitar, reading music, and
playing your first notes. Once you have completed this preview book, it is highly
recommended that you purchase a full copy of The Art of Spanish Guitar (book & CD) to
continue studying the Romero method—a method that has seen three generations of Romeros
emerge as world-class performers. The full book will cover the following topics at length:
The promotional DVD included with this preview book shows highlights taken from
The Art of Spanish Guitar DVD, in which Celino Romero fully demonstrates each and every
technique covered in the book.
Both the book & CD and DVD are available from any good music store.
INTRODUCTION
When we play an instrument, we must be very systematic in building our technique, since it
will be one of the most vital tools for expressing our emotions through our instrument and
its beautiful music. Without a solid technique, we will continuously struggle with our
hands, fingers, maybe even with our complete body and our own minds. We should
abandon the illusion that one can reach joy and satisfaction in the art of music making
without having the proper working tools—our hands and fingers.
Finding the correct technique will be an exciting process that will require your patience,
sensitivity, and love. During this development, you have to enjoy playing a single note
flavored with love as much as if playing a complete concerto. If you take pleasure and pride
in playing a single beautiful note or chord, it will not be long before you play two beautiful
notes and then an entire composition.
Playing the guitar might seem like entering a great labyrinth with so many possible paths
and detailed instructions but if you follow the instructions step-by-step, you will reach the
desired goal.
3
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tuning pegs
nut
capstan frets
tuning peg
fingerboard
cog
neck
strings
nut
first fret
soundhole
rosette
body
saddle
bridge
4
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Tuning
It is important that you do not get your ears used to a badly tuned guitar. Please, always
tune first before you play the instrument. At first, it might be helpful to use an electronic
tuner. There are many ways to tune a guitar and your teacher might show you different
ways. The more advanced you become on the instrument, the more sophisticated your
tuning should become (using octaves, harmonics, certain chords, etc.). In any case, it is
important to train your ears.
The easiest way is to use a tuning fork and relative tuning. Strike an “A” tuning fork against
your chair or other object (but not your guitar!) and place the single round end of the
tuning fork gently against the bridge of the guitar. You will hear the pitch A resonating
through the guitar’s body. Match this pitch with an A on the fifth fret of the first string.
(Turn the tuning pegs toward you to lower the pitch of each string, or away from you to
raise the pitch.) Then match the fifth fret of string 2 to the open first string. Match the
fourth fret of string 3 to the open second string. Match the fifth fret of string 4 to the open
third string. Match the fifth fret of string 5 to the open fourth string. Finally, match the
fifth fret of string 6 to the open fifth string.
5
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MUSICAL NOTATION
In classical guitar playing, we use standard musical notation, which specifies pitch, rhythm,
articulation, and volume. I cannot emphasize enough the importance of reading music. If
one can read words, there is no reason for one not to be able to read notated music. The
alternative is that the player must memorize all exercises, studies, and pieces. It seems
obvious what the lesser task may be!
Pitch Notation
Standard musical notation consists of notes placed on a staff of five lines and four spaces. At
the beginning of each staff is a symbol called the clef. Music for the guitar is written in the
treble clef (also called the G clef since it curls around the line that represents the note G).
G clef
}staff
The traditional system names the notes (pitches, tones) after the first seven letters of the
alphabet: A B C D E F G.
w w
& w w
w
E G B D F
w w
& w w
F A C E
In order to cover the whole range of notes in all octaves, these letters are simply repeated.
Low notes are placed toward the bottom of the staff, and higher notes are placed higher up
on the staff. Pitches lying below or above the staff are notated with the aid of ledger lines.
The interval (distance) between two notes with the same name but eight notes apart is called
an octave.
E F G A B C D E
ledger lines w
w w w w
w w w
& w
w w w w
w w w ledger lines
E F G A B C D E
one octave
6
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Accidentals
Accidentals (sharps and flats) alter notes by a half step (one fret) up or down. Double sharps
and flats alter notes by a whole step (two frets). When a note is altered by an accidental,
subsequent occurrences of that note are altered within that measure only. The alteration is
automatically canceled in the following measure.
Rhythm Notation
The staff is divided into groups of beats known as measures (or bars). Measures are separated by
vertical lines called barlines. A double barline (two thin lines) is used at the end of a section; a
final barline (thin/thick lines) shows the end of a piece; and a left- or right-facing final barline
with two dots is a repeat sign, and indicates that the measures within are to be played again.
The duration (note value) of a note is indicated by the type of notehead and the attachment
of stems, flags, or beams. Periods of silence are called rests, and have the same duration as
their equivalent note values.
Beam
w h Stem
Notehead q e Flag
Ωç
A whole note (and whole-note rest) is worth A half note (and half-note rest) is worth two
four beats: beats:
w „ h Ó
A quarter note (and quarter-note rest) is An eighth note (and eighth-note rest) is
worth one beat: worth half a beat:
q Œ e
x
7
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Eighth notes and sixteenth notes can be beamed together into groups for easier reading.
The rhythm tree below shows the breakdown of note and rest values.
Notes Rests
w Whole notes ∑
˙ ˙ Half notes
∑ ∑
œ œ œ œ Quarter notes Œ Œ Œ Œ
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Eighth notes ‰ ‰ ‰ ‰ ‰ ‰ ‰ ‰
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Sixteenth notes ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈
The time signature is identified by the numbers at the very beginning of a piece (after the
clef and key signature). The top number shows the amount of beats in each measure and the
bottom number shows which type of note equals one beat. A time signature of Y indicates
that there are four beats in every measure and that the quarter note gets the beat. The
symbol c represents common time, which is another way of writing Y; C stands for cut time,
which is essentially a fast c time.
8
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9
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1. Use a straight-backed armless chair or piano 2. The guitar is placed on the left thigh and is leaning
bench. The height of the chair should allow the gently against the torso. The guitar is centered with the
right thigh to be in a horizontal position while the body, meaning that the soundhole should be
left leg is slightly raised by a footstool (Francisco approximately in front of your stomach.
Tárrega’s ingenious invention).
3. The right forearm is placed on the forward edge of The four contact points for holding the guitar are:
the instrument’s bout, close to the elbow. (1) right arm, (2) torso, (3) right leg, and (4) left leg.
4
3
10
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m
i a
11
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6th string
Pluck the fifth string and let the thumb fall onto the
fourth string. This is the note A.
5th string
4th string
12
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The index, middle, and ring fingers will pluck their strings one by one (the notes G, B, and
E, respectively) and move toward the inside of the palm.
G B E
Repeat this exercise several times until you feel comfortable. You have just created your first
beautiful arpeggio (broken chord) on the guitar, shown below in standard music notation.
6 5 4 3 2 1
E A D G B E
p p p i m a
13
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REST STROKES
There are two main techniques for plucking the strings: the rest stroke (apoyando, from the
Spanish apoyar: “to lean, to support”) and the free stroke (enganchando, from the Spanish
enganchar: “to hook, to engage”; or tirando, from the Spanish tirar: “to throw”).
Rest strokes are used in scales and melody lines. When using the rest stroke, the finger touches
two strings—after plucking a string, the finger comes to “rest” on an adjacent string.
Free strokes are used in chords, scales, arpeggios, and tremolo. (You used free strokes to pluck
the top three strings in your first arpeggio.) After plucking the string with the free stroke,
the finger curls up toward the inside of the palm and misses the adjacent string altogether.
The free-stroke thumb plucks the string and returns back to the same string (or a lower one)
in a circular motion without resting on the adjacent string.
To the beginning player, rest strokes feel the most natural. The rest stroke teaches the
guitarist to have a better sense of touch, which will improve the sound of the free stroke. As
my uncle Pepe says, “The rest stroke is the teacher of the free stroke”!
All movements of the thumb are initiated at the root of the digit (1); the tip joint (2) never
bends.
14
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Exercise 1
& 44 œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
..
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ w
p p p etc.
Exercise 2
& 43 ˙ œ
..
˙ œ ˙ œ ˙ œ ˙.
Exercise 3
& 44 œ œ œ œ
..
˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ œ œ œ œ w
Exercise 4
& 44 œ œ œ
..
œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ ˙
15
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Exercise 1
4 œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .
&4 .
Exercise 2
˙ œ
& 43 ˙ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ ˙ œ ˙. ..
Exercise 3
œ œ œ j ˙
& 42 œ œ œ œ. œ œ œ œ œ
œ ..
Exercise 4
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
& 44 œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ..
& œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
œ œ œ œ
16
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1
2
17
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All the fingers are aligned with the fingerboard and Your fingertips are always pulled towards the strings
strings, while all the root knuckles of the left hand by an imaginary magnet. Even in a relaxed state, the
are approximately the same distance from the fingers stay close to the strings and are always
fingerboard. prepared to play the next note!
Curve all the fingers nicely (like a “bunch of bananas,” as my father Celin tells his students)
and follow the natural shape of the fingers.
18
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Strings:
①
19
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& 44 ˙ 0 2
˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙
& 44 ˙ ˙ ˙ Ó
˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙
0 2 3
& 44 ∑
0
w w w 2 3 w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
& 44 ∑
0
w w w 1 3
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
Exercise 7
E F G A B C D E F G A B C D E F G
œ œ œœ œœœœœ 1 3
œ 3 0
œœœ 1
& œ œœœœœ 2 0
œ œ œ œœœœ 2
3 0
0
œ œ œ 2 3 œœœ
œ 0
œ 0 1 3
20
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Exercise 8
& 43 œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœœ
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœœ œœœ œœ œ
œ
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœœ œœœ œ
&œ œœ œœœ
œœœ œœ
Œ
œ ˙
Exercise 9
4 œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ w œœœŒ
&4 ˙ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ
Exercise 10
& 43 œ œ
˙ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙
Exercise 11
1 2 3
1 2 3 4 0
4 œ # œ œ # œ œ œ #œ œ 0
&4 œ œ #œ œ #œ œ #œ œ
œ # œ œ # œ 3 4 0 1 2 3
œ œ #œ œ #œ œ #œ œ
0 2 3 4 0 1
2 3 4 0 1 2
4
3 2 1
#œ nœ bœ œ œ bœ œ bœ 0 4 3 2 1 0 3
& œ œ bœ œ bœ œ bœ œ Œ
œ bœ œ bœ œ œ bœ 2 1 0 4 3
œ bœ œ bœ œ ˙. 2 1 0 4 3 2 1 0 4 3 2
1
0
Exercise 12
& 44 œ œ œ œ œ œ # œ œ œ œ # œ œ œœœ
œ œ œ œ
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ #œ œ œ #œ œ #œ
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ #œ œ œ œ #œ œ œ œ œ œ #œ œ Œ
& œ œ œ #œ œ œ #œ œ #œ
21
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Lesson No. 1
œ
Fernando Sor
œ œ œ œ œ œ
&c ˙ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ
4 1
1
1 1 4 4
œ œ #œ œ
& ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ ..
3
œ
2
1 1 4 2 1
p
p
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
.
& . œ œ œ œ
œ
4 4 1
1 4
4
1
3
& œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ ..
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
œ
1 1
œ
2 2
3 2 2 3
3
p p p p
22
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Lesson No. 2
Fernando Sor
œ œ œ œ œ
& 43 œ œ œ œ
œ œ œ œ
œ
1
1 4 4 4
1
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ nœ œ œ
& œ œ œ œ #œ
4
1
4 4
1
2 2
œ œ œ œ œ
& œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
œ œ
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
& œ œ œ Œ
œ
1
3
p
& œ œ ˙ œ œ œ ˙
œ œ œ
1
4
2
œ #œ nœ œ œ
&
4
œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ
œ
2 1
1 4 1
œ
2 2
p 3
p
œ œ œ œ œ œ #œ œ œ
& œ œ œ œ œ
4
1
4 1 4
2
& œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙
œ œ œ
4
1
1 4 4 1
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ
& 1 #œ 2 œ
œ œ œ œ
& œ
4
1
œ œ œ œ ˙ Œ
23
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Celino Romero
T H E A R T O F
The Art of Spanish Guitar embodies more than one hundred years of guitar playing experience accumulated by three
generations of Romeros. Celino embraces the variety of styles and innovations that the Romeros have brought to
this art form individually and through the many years of playing together.
The full version of Celino Romero’s The Art of Spanish Guitar expands on the topics covered in this preview edition,
and introduces new techniques such as rasgueado and tremolo. You will also learn pieces by composers including
Carcassi, Aguado, and Carulli, as well as essential exercises and studies by Giuliani and Tárrega. Plus, secrets of
the unique “The Romero Touch” are revealed!
The Art of Spanish Guitar and The Art of Spanish Guitar DVD are both available
from your local music store or classical guitar retailer.
with compliments
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