CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

In consortium with
CEBU CITY MEDICAL CENTER-COLLEGE OF NURSING

Name: Dinawanao, Cherry Mae. ID No.: 19042 Section: B

Module No. 02
Module Title: The Nurse – Patient Communication and Relationship

INSTRUCTIONS: Follow the prescribed layout, font size/styles, margins and paper
size and general instructions for your outputs.
1) Make a list of at least 10 Therapeutic Communication techniques. Then give an
example of a nurse-patient conversation using each technique.
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES
Technique Description Example
Listening - An active process of receiving - The nurse listens and keeps
information. good eye contact with the
- is a sign of respect for the person patient while talking.
who is talking and a powerful reinforce
of relationships.
Broad Opening - These encourage the patient to -“Is there anything you would
select topics for discussion, and like to discuss?”
indicate that nurse is there, listening
to him and following him.
Restating - The nurse repeats to the patient the Patient: “I have been tossing
main thought he has expressed. and turning all night.”
Nurse: “So you say, you are
having difficulty sleeping.”
Clarification - Attempting to put unclear thoughts of Patient: “I’m sicker than usual.”
the client into words to enhance Nurse: “I’m not sure I
nurse’s understanding or asking the understand what you mean by
client to explain what he/she means. ‘sicker than usual’, what is
different now?”

Reflection - Directing back the client’s ideas, Patient: “Everyone ignore me”.
feelings, questions and content. Nurse: “Ignores you?” why do
you say that?”
Humor - It is constructive coping behavior, This gives a whole new
and by learning to express humor, a meaning to “just relax”.
patient learns to express how he feel.
Informing - The skill of information sharing “ This test will determine your
treatment options”
Focusing - Questions or statements that help Patient: “My life has no
the patient expand on a topic of purpose, I couldn’t understand
importance myself. I want to give up.”
Nurse: You have mentioned
many things. Let us go
back to your thinking of “giving
up”.
Sharing Perceptions - Asking the client to verify that the Nurse: “Tell me what you are
nurse understands of what the client thinking when you feel
is thinking or feeling. anxious.”
Silence Lack of communication for a Maintain an interested,
therapeutic reason. The nurse’s expectant silence. Lack of
silence prompts patient to talk. communication for a
therapeutic purpose.

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 CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
In consortium with
CEBU CITY MEDICAL CENTER-COLLEGE OF NURSING

2) Give at least 5 Defense mechanisms that some patients may use in

communication or conversations. Define and give an example of each.

DEFENSE MECHANISMS IN COMMUNICATION (Patient use)

Mechanism Description Example
Denial Patient in denial protects A woman newly diagnosed
himself from reality – with terminal illness, “I’ll be
especially the unpleasant okay, and it’s not a big deal”.
aspects of life – by refusing to
perceive, acknowledge, or
face it.
Displacement The patient redirects his A patient yells at a nurse after
impulses from the real target becoming angry at his mother
to a safer but innocent person. for not calling him.
Introjection A patient introjects when he An individual begins to follow a
adopts someone else’s values strict vegetarian diet for no
and standards without apparent reason.
exploring whether they fit him
Projection The patient attributes to others A patient was angry with the
his own unacceptable doctor for putting him in the
thoughts, feelings, and psychiatric ward
impulses.
Rationalization The rationalizing patient The patient states that she
makes excuses for was diagnosed with psychotic
shortcomings and avoids self- disorder because the doctor
condemnation, displacements, says so.
and criticisms.

3) What are the phases of therapeutic interpersonal relationship? Discuss each

phase.

1. Pre-interaction Phase
Involves preparation for the first encounter with the client. This involves
exploring perceptions of both Nurse and client.
2. Orientation Phase- It is during that the nurse and the client meet for the first time.
Involves establishment of trust and rapport and implement intervention.
3. Working Phase- The therapeutic work of relationship is accomplished during this
phase. Maintaining the trust and rapport that was established during the orientation phase.
4. Termination Phase- This is the most difficult, but most important phase of the
therapeutic nurse-patient relationship. The goal of this phase is to bring a therapeutic end to
the relationship. The client may be discharged from the hospital. Termination can be difficult
phase for both the client and nurse.

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 CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
In consortium with
CEBU CITY MEDICAL CENTER-COLLEGE OF NURSING

EVALUATION RUBRIC FOR WRITTEN OUTPUT

Name of Student: Dinawanao, Cherry Mae F. Yr & Sec: III-B Date: Apr. 11, 2022
Subject: Psychiatric Nursing Module Title: Nurse-Patient Communication RelationshipModule No. 02

Criteria Excellent Good Fair Poor Score

5 pts. 4 pts. 3 pts. 2 pts. Given
Content is accurate Content is inaccurate.
but some required Content is either Information is
Content is accurate
information is missing questionable or incomplete,
Content and all required
information is and/or not presented incomplete. Information inaccurate, or not
in logical order, but is is not presented in a
presented in a logical presented in a logical
still generally easy to logicla order, making it
order order, making it
follow. difficult to follow.
difficult to follow
Show some critical Significant lack of
Show considerable Generallyshows thinking. Lack of critical thinking and
critical thinking about critical thinking skills. consistency in critical perspective. Little
information acquired Able to provide some evaluation of independent thinking
Critical from various sources. critical discussion of information and and conclusion.
Able to critically information. Generally viewpoints. Discussion Authors accept
Analysis
discussand appropriate and independent viewpoints of others
independently conclusions are drawn conclusions are without critical
evaluate information from it. Some consideration.
inadequate. Significant
and to come to own assertions may lack Abundant logical
logical errors are
conclusions. support. errors.
present.
Information is very Information is Information is
Information is
organized with clear organized but generally
organized and
and complete. incomplete. Reader disorganized. Reader
Organizatio complete. Reader can
Reader can easily may have difficulty in may have great
n follow line of
follow line of following line of difficulty in line of
reasoning. Most reasoning. Some parts
reasoning. Few parts reasoning. Very few
parts logical have logical
have logical parts have logical
connections of points connections of points. connections of points.
connectiosn of points.
It is not appealing in
It is greatly appealing
terms of visual
Visual in terms of visual It is appealing in terms It is still appealing in
terms of visual aesthetics, layout,
aesthetics, layout, of visual aesthetic,
Appeal aesthetics, layout, neatness, suitability
neatness, suitablity layout, neatness,
neatness, suitablity and and overall
and overall suitablity and overall
overall appearance but appearance. Major
appearance. appearance.
with minor visual flaws. visual flaws may be
noted.
References to Appropriate refrences
appropriate sources Minimal numbers of
are used and cited,
are properly cited in references are used.
Reference but some may be
Style is incorrect and or
No reference provided
the text and listed in incomplete or in
proper format. in complete.
incorrect style,
Total

Clinical Instructor In – Charge: Mrs. Rowena L. Madrid