Problem 9 - COLUMN INTERACTION DIAGRAM

Prepared by: Engr. RANDY G. POLICARPIO

GIVEN :
h = 500 Column Depth, mm
b = 500 Column Width, mm
bar = 25 Bar Size, mm
tie = 10 Tie size, mm
f'c = 21 Concrete Strength- MPa
fy = 414 Bar Yield- MPa
cu = 0.003 Maximum Usable Strain of Concrete by ACI Code
Es = 200000 Steel Modulus of Elasticity
cover = 40 Clear Cover- mm.
N = 4 Bar in Row 1
1
N = 4 Bar in Row 2
2

row  2 Total Rows of Bars

1. CALCULATION :
i = 1 row

Bar Diameter
db = bar db = 25

Tie Diameter
dt = tie dt = 10

Bar Area at i
2
  ( db ) 2
Ab = Ab = 490.87 mm
4

As = N  Ab
i i

2
As = 1963.50 mm
1
2
As = 1963.50 mm
2

page 1
 Distances from the compression face

h − 2d
1
CtoC space =
row − 1

db
d = cover + dt + d = 62.50 mm
1 2 1

d = d + CtoCspace d = 437.50 mm
2 1 2

For β1

 = 0.85
1

PLASTIC CENTROID

For Concrete Force:

Cc = 0.85f'c
  b  h = 4462500 N

For the Steel Forces:

Cs 1 = As [fy − 0.85(f'c)] = 777838.71 N

1

Cs 2 = As [fy − 0.85(f'c)] = 777838.71 N

2

The total Compression Force:

Pn = Cc + Cs 1 + Cs 2 = 6018177.41 N

Summation of moment of forces with respect to the extreme compression fiber

Cc   + Cs 1 d + Cs 2 d
( ) ( )
h
Pn xpy
 2 1 2

Cc   + Cs 1 d + Cs 2 d
( ) ( )
h

xp y =
2 1 2
Pn

xpy = 250 mm

page 2
CAPACITY OF AXIALLY LOADED COLUMN

Pn (
  Ag − Ast + Ast fy
0.85f'c )

  b  h − N + N   ( db)  +  N + N    (db)2 fy = 6018177.41


Pn = 0.85f'c

( 1 2 4 ) 2

( 1
 2) 4 

N

Pn = 0.65Pn = 3911815.32 N

DEPTH OF NUETRAL AXIS FOR COLUMN WITH STRENGTH CAPACITY EQUAL TO Pn

ASSUME STRESS LEVELS

fs1(c1) = fy

fs2( c1) =
(
600 c1 − d )
2
c1

Pn  h b + As [fs1(c1) − 0.85(f'c)] + As [fs2(c1) − 0.85(f'c)]

0.85f'c
1 2

c1 = Find (c1)

c1 = 1411.29 round up to whole number say c1 = 1412 mm

CHECK STRESS LEVELS

fs1 =
(
600 c1 − d
1)
c1

fs1 = 414 MPa

fs2 =
(
600 c1 − d
2)
c1

fs2 = 414 MPa

page 3
Let us consider one point in the Column Interaction Diagram having

c = 200 mm

SOLVE FOR STEEL STRESSES

fs1 =
(
600 c − d
1 ) fs1  fy (Compression )
c

fs1 = 412.5 MPa

fs2 =
(
600 c − d
2 ) fs2  −fy (Tension )
c

fs2 = −414 MPa

SOLVE FOR CONCRETE FORCE RESULTANT

a =  c if a > h, a = h
1
a must be equal or less than h
a = 170 mm

Cc = 0.85f'c
  a b

Cc = 1517250 N

SOLVE FOR STEEL FORCE RESULTANT

Fs1 = if a  d  As fs1 − 0.85(f'c)  As fs1 Fs 1 = 774893.46

1  1  N
 1

Fs2 = if a  d  As fs2 − 0.85(f'c)  As fs2 Fs2 = −812887.10

2  2  N
 2

NOMINAL AXIAL STRENGTH OF COLUMN AT c VALUE

Pn = Cc + Fs 1 + Fs 2

Pn = 1479256.36 N page 4
NOMINAL MOMENT STRENGTH OF COLUMN AT c VALUE

Summation of moment of the forces in concrete and rebars with respect to the Plastic Centroid

Mn = Cc  xpy −  + Fs 1 xpy − d + Fs 2 xpy − d

( ) ( )
a
 2 1 2

Mn = 548055105.39 N − mm

STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTOR

Using NSCP 2015

dt = d = 437.5 mm
2

 dt − c 
 t = 0.00 3    t = 0.00356  t  0.002 Section is within the
 c  Transition zone

 = 0.78

FACTORED AXIAL STRENGTH OF COLUMN AT c VALUE

(
Pn =   Cc + Fs 1 + Fs 2 )
Pn = 1154128.14 N

FACTORED MOMENT STRENGTH OF COLUMN AT c VALUE

Mn =   Cc 
a
+ Fs 1  − d  + Fs 2  − d 
h h h
− 
 2 2 2 1  2 2

Mn = 427597160.35 N − mm

page 5
DEPTH OF NUETRAL AXIS FOR COLUMN UNDER BALANCED CONDITION

 0.00 3 (dt) 
cb =   = 25 8.88 say cb = 259 mm
 fy + 0.00 3
 Es 

SOLVE FOR STEEL STRESSES

SOLVE FOR CONCRETE FORCE RESULTANT

SOLVE FOR STEEL FORCE RESULTANT

NOMINAL AXIAL STRENGTH OF COLUMN

NOMINAL MOMENT STRENGTH OF COLUMN

STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTOR

FACTORED AXIAL STRENGTH OF COLUMN
FACTORED MOMENT STRENGTH OF COLUMN

Pure Axial Tension Case (Neglected)

Pn2 −Ast  fy

Pn2 = − N + N   ( db)  fy = −1625774.20



( 1 )
2 4
2

N

Pn2 = 0.90Pn2 = −1463196.78 N

Mn2 = 0 (if section is symmetrical.)

page 6
Summary:

1 1 1 1
1 1412 1 6018177.412 1 0.000 1 0.650
2 1000 2 5867970.013 2 28163887.266 2 0.650
3 800 3 5739115.627 3 52324084.675 3 0.650
4 600 4 5524358.317 4 92591080.357 4 0.650
5 400 5 3701892.089 5 409313498.025 5 0.650
6 350 6 3138501.895 6 469905800.128 6 0.650
7 300 7 2513752.469 7 525882176.889 7 0.650
8 259 8 1930745.571 8 573012047.945 8 0.656
9 250 9 1861514.107 9 570891947.848 9 0.671
c = 10 200 Pn = 10 1479256.364 Mn = 10 548055105.390  = 10 0.780
11 175 11 1237006.487 11 521006202.668 11 0.858
12 150 12 977225.401 12 486640002.946 12 0.900
13 135 13 808890.112 13 461748294.829 13 0.900
14 100 14 352475.975 14 386094407.435 14 0.900
15 75 15 -82617.201 15 306766604.892 15 0.900
16 60 16 -406799.484 16 245399233.857 16 0.900
17 20 17 -1474049.198 17 36641587.500 17 0.900
18 10 18 -1549911.698 18 18643209.375 18 0.900
19 5 19 -1587842.948 19 9402208.594 19 0.900
20 3 20 -1603015.448 20 5660670.094 20 0.900

page 7
 1 1 1
1 -0.002070 1 3911815.318 1 0.000
2 -0.001688 2 3814180.509 2 18306526.723
3 -0.001359 3 3730425.158 3 34010655.039
4 -0.000813 4 3590832.906 4 60184202.232
5 0.000281 5 2406229.858 5 266053773.717
6 0.000750 6 2040026.232 6 305438770.083
7 0.001375 7 1633939.105 7 341823414.978
8 0.002068 8 1265855.936 8 375684250.353
9 0.002250 9 1248765.713 9 382973348.348
 t = 10 0.003563 Pn = 10 1154128.142 Mn = 10 427597160.351
11 0.004500 11 1061763.901 11 447196990.624
12 0.005750 12 879502.861 12 437976002.652
13 0.006722 13 728001.101 13 415573465.346
14 0.010125 14 317228.377 14 347484966.691
15 0.014500 15 -74355.481 15 276089944.403
16 0.018875 16 -366119.536 16 220859310.471
17 0.062625 17 -1326644.278 17 32977428.750
18 0.128250 18 -1394920.528 18 16778888.438
19 0.259500 19 -1429058.653 19 8461987.734
20 0.434500 20 -1442713.903 20 5094603.084

page 8
 INTERACTION DIAGRAM
65 00
60 75
56 50
52 25
48 00
43 75
39 50
35 25
31 00
Pn
10 00 26 75
22 50
Pn
18 25
10 00
14 00
97 5
55 0
12 5
− 30 0
− 72 5
− 11 50
− 15 75
− 20 00
0 20 0 40 0 60 0
Mn Mn

2 2
10 00 10 00

page 9