BASIC MATH

1 Fractions and decimals in order

Place fractions and decimals in order.
For example: You can order the set of numbers : 14, 0.5, 38, 0.914, 0.5, 38, 0.9
In order from smallest to largest : 14, 38, 0.5, 0.9

2 Multiples and factors.

Find multiples and factors.
For example:
the least common multiple of 3 and 5 is 15
the greatest common factor of 12 and 30 is 6

3 Simplify exponents
Simplify numerical expressions with exponents
For example: 26×25=211

4 Distance between numbers on a number line

Find the distance between numbers on a number line using absolute value.
For example, on a number line with points plotted at -2 and 4, the distance between the
points is 6.

5 Whole numbers, fractions, and decimal problems.

Compute and solve problems with whole numbers, fractions, and decimals.

6 Squares, square roots, cubes, and cube roots

Calculate and compute with squares, square roots, cubes, and cube roots of numbers.

7 Undefined expressions
Know that expressions with a denominator of zero are "undefined" and have no solution.
Identify "undefined" numerical expressions which have no solution, including:
• a denominator of zero
• square roots of negative numbers

8 Unit rates
Find unit rates.
For example:
• miles per hour
• dollars per pound

9 Objects at scale
Use scale factors to convert dimensions between scale drawings and actual objects.
For example, you might be presented with an image of the dimensions of a room. The
image may use 1 inch to represent 1 foot of real space in the room.

10 Multiple-step problems that use ratios, proportions, and percents

Solve multiple-step problems that use ratios, proportions, and percentages.
Examples of multi-step problems include:
• Simple interest
• Percent increase and decrease
• Gratuities
• Commissions
GEOMETRY
1 Side lengths of shapes when given the area or perimeter
Find the side lengths of triangles, rectangles, and polygons when given the area or
perimeter.

2 Area and perimeter of two-dimensional shapes

Find the area and perimeter of two-dimensional shapes, including triangles, rectangles,
polygons, and composite shapes.

3 Area, circumference, radius, and diameter of a circle

Find the area and circumference of a circle. Find the radius or diameter of a circle when
given the area of circumference.

4 Pythagorean Theorem
Use the Pythagorean Theorem a2+b2=c2a2+b2=c2 to find a side length in a right
triangle.

5 Volume and surface area of three-dimensional shapes

Find the volume and surface area of three-dimensional shapes, including rectangular and
right prisms, cylinders, and right pyramids. Find the side lengths, radius, or diameter of a
three-dimensional figure when given the volume or surface area.

6 Graphical data including graphs, tables, and more

Construct and explain data from bar graphs, circle graphs, dot plots, histograms, box
plots, tables, scatter plots, and line graphs.

7 Mean, median, mode, and range

Find the mean, median, mode, and range of a number set. Find a missing value when given
an average.

8 Counting techniques
Use counting techniques to solve math problems. For example, count how many different
ways objects can be ordered, arranged, or combined.

9 Probability of an event
Find the probability of one or more events happening.
For example, what is the probability of drawing a jack or a king randomly from a deck of
cards?
BASIC ALGEBRA
1. Add, subtract, multiply, and factor linear expressions
Simplify linear expressions by adding, subtracting, multiplying, expanding, and factoring.
For example:
• Expand 4(7x−2)4(7x-2)
• Factor 4x+8

2. Evaluate algebraic expressions

Evaluate algebraic expressions by substituting (replacing) variables with numbers.

3. Algebraic expressions -- creation

Create algebraic expressions to represent problem situations or word-to-symbol
translations.

4. Add, subtract, multiply, divide, and factor polynomials

Add, subtract, multiply, divide, and factor polynomials.
For example:
• (x+8)(x+4)(x+8)(x+4)
• Factor 3x2−10x−8

5. Create polynomials from written descriptions

Create polynomials to represent problem situations or word-to-symbol translations.
For example, a triangle has three sides with the following lengths:
• 2x+12x+1 units, 3x+53x+5 units, and 4x−14x-1 units
• Write an algebraic expression for the perimeter of the triangle in units.

6. Add, subtract, multiply and divide rational expressions

Add, subtract, multiply and divide rational expressions.

7. Write an expression from a written description

Write an expression from a written description.

8. Use linear equations to solve real-world problems

Use linear equations to solve real-world problems. For example, calculate the fuel
efficiency of a car at different speeds.

9. Solve a system of two linear equations

Solve a system of linear equations and real-world problems that involve them.
Common techniques include graphing, substitution, or addition to compute a system of
two linear equations.

10.Solve inequalities and graph the answer on a number line

Solve inequalities and real-world problems that involve them, and graph the solutions.

11.Quadratic equations with one variable

Solve quadratic equations with one variable.
For example, 3x2+2x−8=03x2+2x-8=0.
GRAPHS AND FUNCTIONS
1. Locate points and graph equations
Locate points and graph linear equations in a coordinate plane.

2. Slope of a line from a graph, equation, or table

Find the slope of a line from a graph, equation, or table.

3. Proportional relationships for equations and graphs

Determine whether an equation and a graph show the same proportional relationship.

4. Features of graphs and tables for linear and nonlinear relationships

Identify features of graphs and tables for linear and nonlinear relationships.
For example, using the rise/run to determine slope, coordinates of points, and x/y
intercept.

5. Slope and a point on a line

Find the equation of a line when given the slope and a point on the line.

6. Equation of a line from two points

Find the equation of a line from two points on the line.

7. Use slope of a line

Use the slope of a line to solve problems, for example identify whether lines are parallel
or perpendicular.

8. Functions shown in different ways

Compare functions that are shown in different ways, such as tables, graphs, equations and
written descriptions.

9. Functions in tables and graphs

Recognize a function in a table or graph by determining whether or not there is only one
output value for each input value.

10.Evaluating functions
Evaluate a function.
For example: f(x)=x2−3xf(x)=x2-3x; find f(−8)f(-8)
Mathematics Formula Sheet & Explanation

The 2014 GED® Mathematical Reasoning Test contains a formula sheet, which displays
formulas relating to geometric measurement and certain algebra concepts. Formulas are
provided to test takers so that they may focus on application, rather than the memorization, of
formulas.