SOCIAL AND SOCIETY STRUCTURE OF PAKISTAN

Social and society structure:

Social structure, in sociology, the distinctive, stable arrangement of institutions whereby human
beings in a society interact and live together.

Pakistan social structure:

A social class is a homogenous group of people in a society formedon the combined basis of

 Education
 Occupation
 Income

Social classes:

Place of residence and who have similar social values similar interest in life. The social classes of
Pakistan:

1. Upper social class

2. Middle social class

3. Working social class

1. Upper social class:

 High level of income

 High paying profession
 Living in most cleanest place of country
 Their size is 2% of total society
 Approx 3.7 million they have 60% to 65 %of money of country.

Mostly people who fall into that category:

 High leader ship

 Big Business Man
 Top Management of the country

2. Middle social class:

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  Their income is not so high
 They are hard workers for their goals
 Their level of wishes is not so much top class
 Their population is 28% out of total population
 Their population is 53% to 54% of total population

Mostly people who fall into that category:

 They are small to medium size business man

 Middle management
 Low ranking Govt. officer

3. Working social class:

 They not much educated

 They are not in accusative profession
 Their income is low
 They build their home hardly 2 rooms
 Their size is 20% of out of the total population

Mostly people who fall into that category:

 They are very small size shop owner .

 Skill , semi skill and unskilled
 Low grad Govt. staff
 Poor former

They are further sub divided into:

1) Rich rich
2) Rich middle
3) Rich lower classes
1) Rich rich:

They are few and far between in any society.

They have common nation to make profit at the expense of teeming poor.

2) Rich middle:

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 They live comfortably than poor class, but are financially lower then upper class. They all are
employees.

3) Rich lower classes:

They are most likely to be drug or narcotics addicted.

Types of society:

1. Earliest societies:
Two major forms of society in this category are hunter-gatherer societies and pastoral
societies. Individuals who lived in hunter-gatherer societies hunted animals that surrounded
them in their natural environment. Postal society began around twelve thousand year ago they
domesticated animals and began raising them for food and menial labor purpose.
2. Developing societies:
This society rely on cultivation of fruits, vegetables and plants in order to survive.
3. Advance societies:
Advance societies rely on advance energy source in order to run machinery.

ETHNICITY
An ethnicity or an ethnic group is a grouping of people who identify with each other
on the bases of shared attributes that distinguish them from other groups. Those
attributes can include common sets of traditions, language, history, society, culture,
nation, religion or social treatment within their residing area.
Ethnicities of Pakistan:

Muhajir:

The Muhajir people are Muslim immigrants, of various ethnic groups and regional
origins, and their descendants, who migrated from various regions of India after the
Partition of India to settle in the newly independent state of Pakistan.
Sindhis:
Sindhis are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group who speak the Sindhi language and are native to
the Sindh region, in modern-day Pakistan. After the partition of India in 1947, many

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Sindhi Hindus and Sindhi Sikhs migrated to the newly independent Dominion of India
and other parts of the world.
Pakistanis:
Pakistanis are the citizens and nationals of the Islamic republic of Pakistan. According to
the 2017 Pakistani national census, the population of Pakistan stood at over 213 million
people making it the world's fifth-most populous country.
Pashtuns:
Pashtuns, also called Pashtuns or Pathans and historically known as Afghans, are an
Iranian ethnic group who are native to Central Asia and South Asia. Pashtuns are the
26th-largest ethnic group in the world, and the largest segmentary lineage society
Punjabis:
The Punjabis or the Punjabi people are an Indo-Aryan ethno linguistic group, associated
with the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent presently divided between Pakistan
and India. They speak Punjabi, a language from the Indo-Aryan language family.
Punjabis are the largest ethnic group in Pakistan.
Saraiki people:
The Saraikis, are an Indo-Aryan ethno linguistic group inhabiting parts of central and
southeastern Pakistan, primarily in the southern part of the Pakistani province of Punjab
Baloch people:
The Baloch or Baluch are an Iranian people who live mainly in the Balochistan region,
located at the south easternmost edge of the Iranian plateau, encompassing the countries
of Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan
Brahui people:
The Brahui or Brahvi are an ethnic group of pastoralists principally found in
Balochistan, Pakistan. A minority speaks the Brahui language, which belongs to the
Dravidian language family, while the rest speaks Balochi and tend to identify as Baloch.
The Brahuis are almost entirely Sunni Muslims.
Indo-Aryan peoples:
Indo-Aryan peoples are a diverse collection of Indo-European peoples speaking Indo-
Aryan languages in the Indian subcontinent. Historically, Indo-Aryans were the Indo-
European pastoralists who migrated from Central Asia into South Asia and introduced
Proto-Indo-Aryan language.

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Burusho peoples:
The Burusho, or Brusho, also known as the Botraj, are an ethno linguistic group
indigenous to the Yasin, Hunza, Nagar and other valleys of Gilgit–Baltistan in northern
Pakistan, with a smaller group of around 350 Burusho people residing in Jammu and
Kashmir, India, as well.

Iranian peoples:
The Iranian peoples or Iranic peoples are a diverse grouping of Indo-European peoples
who are identified by their usage of the Iranian languages and other cultural similarities.
Indians peoples:
Indians are the citizens and nationals of the Republic of India. According to the 2011
Indian national census, the population of India stood at over 1.2 billion people, making it
the world's second-most populous country that contains 17.50 percent of the global
population.
British Pakistanis:
British Pakistanis are citizens or residents of the United Kingdom whose ancestral roots
lie in Pakistan. This includes people born in the UK who are of Pakistani descent,
Pakistani-born people who have migrated to the UK and those of Pakistani origin from
overseas who migrated to the UK.
Kashmiris:
Kashmiris are an Indo-Aryan ethno linguistic group speaking the Kashmiri language,
living mostly, but not exclusively, in the Kashmir Valley in the portion of the disputed
Kashmir region administered by India. Kashmiris. A Kashmiri woman with a child in
Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir
Bengalis:
Bengalis, also rendered as Bangalee or the Bengali people, are an Indo-Aryan ethno
linguistic group originating from and culturally affiliated with the Bengal region of
South Asia.
Sikhs:
Sikhs are people who adhere to Sikhism, a monotheistic religion that originated in the
late 15th century in the Punjab region of present-day Pakistan based on the revelation of
Guru Nanak.

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Hazaras:
The Hazaras are an ethnic group and the principal component of the population of
Afghanistan native to and primarily residing in the Hazarajat region in central
Afghanistan and generally scattered throughout Afghanistan.

INDUS CIVILIZATION
Indus civilization also called indus valley civilizationor Harrappan civilization the
earliest known urban culture of the Indian subcontinent.
Indus civilization begin:
The Indus civilization began in the Indus River valley, evolving from villages that used
the Mesopotamian model of irrigated agriculture.
The recovery and study of the Indus civilization:
The civilization was first identified in 1921 at Harappa in the Punjab region and
then in 1922 at Mohenjo-Daro, near the Indus River in the Sindh region. Both sites are
in present-day Pakistan in Punjab and Sindh provinces respectively.
The Indus civilization is known to have consisted of two large cities, Harappa and
Mohenjo-Daro, and more than 100 towns and villages, often of relatively small size. The
two cities were each perhaps originally about 1 mile square in overall dimensions, and
their outstanding magnitude suggests political centralization, either in two large states or
in a single great empire with alternative capitals, a practice having analogies in Indian
history.
Population:
The population was estimated to be 23,500–35,000 in Harappa and 35,000–41,250 in
Mohenjo-Daro.
Economy:
The Indus Valley's economy was largely based on agriculture and animal husbandry.
They grew a variety of crops, including wheat, barley, cotton, cereals, dates, etc. They
were the first to cultivate cotton. They also domesticated animals like cows, buffalo,
sheep, goats, dogs, cats, etc.
• Agriculture:
Agriculture was the main profession of the people of Indus Valley. The land was pretty
fertile when the Harappans used to live there. In the cities of Harappa and Mohenjodaro,

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leftovers of large granaries were found that suggest that their production was more than
their requirements Barley and wheat were grown by them on a large scale. They also
grew some other crops such as pulses, cotton, cereals, dates, melons, pea, etc. There was
no clear evidence of rice, but some grains of rice were found in Rangpur and Lothal. The
Indus Valley Civilization is said to be an agro-commercial civilization as most of the
people were peasants. The Harappan were the first people to grow cotton.
• Craft and Industries:
The Indus Valley people were highly skilled. They made pottery, metal vessels, tools
and weapons, weaving and spinning, dyeing and other crafts. The people of this
civilization belonged to the bronze age and used tools made of stone, but they knew
about gold, silver, copper, lead, and bronze. There tools and weapons were simple in
form They comprised of flat -axes, chisels, arrowhead, spearheads, knives, saws, razors,
and fish-hooks. People also made copper and bronze vessels. They made small plates
and weights of lead, and gold and silver jewelry of considerable sophistication. They
were skilled in the bronze, gold and silver craft. They also did trade with other
cities by tools, artifacts, gold and silver jewelries.
• Trade and Commerce:
The archaeological remains such as enormous granaries, multiple seals of clay,
instruments to measure weight were found by archaeologists in Mohenjodaro, Harappa,
and Lothal, suggesting that the people of Indus Valley were involved in trade and
export. To produce crafts, they needed a variety of raw materials. Clay was available
locally, but they had to acquire metal outside the alluvial plain. Raw materials were
brought into town through trade routes by traders and craftsmen. They were then used to
make jewelry, pottery, and metalware. Bullock carts were used to transport goods from
one place to another. They also used the river routes along the Indus and its tributaries
for transportation.
Religion:
The Indus Valley religion is polytheistic and is made up of Hinduism, Buddhism and
Jainism. There are many seals to support the evidence of the Indus Valley Gods.