DRAWING SCALE

Before buildings and other engineering structures are built, they are designed in
accordance with nationally recognized standards. The design concept is
transferred to a set of plans (drawings) that provide a two or three dimensional
representation of the project. Since it would be impractical to create full-size
drawings for these structures, they are reduced to a manageable size or SCALE
so they can be studied.

SCALE - is a dimension that represents the structure shown in a plan. It could also
be a ruler used in drawing and measuring architectural and engineering plans.

A set of plans may include a variety of different scales, depending upon what
objects are being rendered. The selected scale normally is found in the title block
in the lower right hand corner of the drawings, but may be found anywhere on the
plans. You may find more than one scale on a single sheet when there are
“details,” parts of the objects that are enlarged for clearer explanation.
In order to interpret the size of what the renderings represent, the plan reviewer
must use a tool called a “SCALE.” The word “SCALE” is used synonymously to
represent the tool and the size reduction in the drawing. The scale tool provides a
quick method for measuring the object and interpreting its eventual size when
finished.
When drawings are drawn in this way they are called SCALED DRAWINGS.
To draw buildings and objects to a scale, recognized ratios called SCALES are
used to relate real dimensions and measurements to a drawing.

There are two types of drafting scales used in design and construction:

1. Engineer or civil scales

- such as 1˝ = 10´ or 1˝ = 50´, are used for measuring roads, water mains,
and topographical features. The distance relationships also may be shown
as 1:10 or 1:50.
- units of measure are equal to parts per inch and parts per foot. The most
common graduations are 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 parts per inch, but there are
scales available that have 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 parts per foot. The
graduations vary based on the application.

When using the engineer

scale, you must multiply the
value you identify by 10.
The small lines between
the whole numbers represent
individual feet, so a point
that falls two marks to the
right of the whole number 4
is interpreted as 42 feet.
2. Architectural scales units
- are based on foot/inch dimensions. Floor plan drawings are usually drawn to the
scale of 1/4" = 1'-0". For a very large plan, a scale of 1/8" = 1'-0" may be used.
- When drawing a small plan or a single room, scales of 3/8" = 1'-0", 1/2" = 1'-0",
3/4" = 1'-0", or 1" = 1'-0" may be used to fit the size of your drawing format.
- They are used to measure interior and exterior dimensions such as rooms, walls,
doors, windows, and fire protection system details.
3. Metric Scales
- metric scale measurements is the standard in most of the world. The principles
are similar. You have to get used to measurements expressed in meters (m)
and millimeters (mm).
- Metric floor plans are drawn in a ratio of 1:50. This is very close to a scale of
1/4" = 1'-0" (1:48). Construction details may be drawn to metric scales of 1:20,
1:10, or 1:5. It should be noted that all dimensions in metric dimensions are in
millimeters. Therefore, it is not necessary to use the symbol mm.
 Elements of Engineering Drawing
Engineering drawing are made up of graphics
language and word language.

Graphics language
Describe a shape (mainly).

Word language
Describe an exact size,
location and specification
of the object.
Elements of Engineering Drawing

Engineering Drawing

Graphics Word
language language

Geometric Projection
construction method Lettering

Line Types
 Introduction to Types of Lines
• Each line has a definite form and line weight.

• The standard thick line weight is 0.6mm HB Lead.

• The standard thin line weight is 0.3mm HB Lead.

• The standard construction line weight is 0.5mm 2H

Lead.
 Basic Line Types &
Name according to application
Thickness Thick Thin 1. Dimension line
2. Extension line
Visible line 3. Leader line
Style
Continuous Hidden line
Dash
Chain Center line

1. Visible line represent features that can be seen in the current view.
2. Dimension line
Extension line indicate the sizes and location of features.
Leader line

3. Hidden line represent features that cannot be seen in the current view.

4. Center line represents symmetry, path of motion, centers of circles,

axis of axisymmetrical parts.
 Main Line Types

Viewing Planes Visible Lines Hidden Lines

Break Lines Center Lines

Phantom Lines Dimension Lines

Lines

Section Lines Extension Lines

Cutting Planes Leader Lines

 Visible/Object Lines
• Dark, heavy lines.
• Used to represent the outline or contour of the object
being drawn.
• Define features you can see in a particular view.
 Hidden Lines
• Light, narrow, short, dashed lines.
• Shows the outline of a feature that can not be seen in
a particular view.
• Used to help clarify a feature, but can be omitted if
they clutter a drawing.
Hidden Lines (Technique)
 Section Lines

• Thin line usually drawn at a 45 degree angle.

• Indicates the material that has been cut through in a
sectional view.

Section
Line
 Center Lines
• Thin line consisting of alternating long and short
dashes.
• Used to represent the center of round or cylindrical
features, or the symmetry of a feature.
 Dimension Lines
• Thin lines capped on the ends with arrowheads and
broken along their length to provide a space for the
dimension numeral.
• They indicate length.
 Extension Lines
• Thin lines used to establish the extent of a dimension.
• Can also be used to show extension of a surface to a
theoretical intersection as shown in (b).
• Begin 1.5mm from the object and extend to 3mm
beyond the last dimension.
• They should not cross dimension lines.
 Leader Lines
• Thin lines used to connect a specific note to a feature.
• Also used to direct dimensions, symbols, item number and
part numbers on a drawing.
• Commonly drawn at 45, 30 and 60 degrees.
• Has a short shoulder (3-6mm) at one end beginning at the
center of the vertical height of text, and a standard
dimension arrowhead at the other end touching the feature.

• Leader lines should not cross

each other.
• Leader lines should not be
excessively long.
• Leader lines should not be
vertical or horizontal.
• Leader lines should not be
parallel to dimension lines,
extension lines or section lines.
 Arrowheads
• Used to terminate dimension lines and leader lines and on
cutting-plane lines and viewing plane lines.
• They should be three times as long as they are wide.
• They should be the same size throughout the drawing.
• The filled arrowhead is generally preferred because of its
clarity.
 Cutting Plane Lines

• Thick broken line that is terminated with short 90

degree arrowheads.
• Shows where a part is mentally cut in half to better
see the interior detail.
Cutting Plane Lines (Example)
 Break Lines

• Used to break out sections for clarity or for shortening

a part.

• Three types of break lines with different line weights:

a) Short Breaks.
b) Long Breaks.
c) Cylindrical Breaks.
 a) Short Break Lines
• Thick wavy line.
• Used to break the edge or surface of a part for clarity
of a hidden surface.

(a) Short break line on metal shape;

(b) Short Break Line on wood shape.
 b) Long Break Lines

• Long, thin lines.

• Used to show that the middle section of an object has
been removed so it can be drawn on a smaller piece
of paper.
 c) Cylindrical Break Lines
• Thin lines.
• Used to show round parts that are broken in half to
better clarify the print or to reduce the length of the
object.

Cylindrical conventional breaks for a solid and tube;

where R = Radius
 Phantom Lines
• Thin lines made up of long dashes alternating with
pairs of short dashes.
• Three purposes in drawings
a) To show the alternate position of moving parts.
b) To show the relationship of parts that fit together.
c) To show repeated detail.
Phantom Lines (Examples)
Grades of Pencils used in Lines
Example 1
Example 2
 Chapter 7
Dimensioning
 ENGINEERING DESIGN
PROCESS RESULT TRANSFERRED
INFORMATION

Design Sketches
a part of ideas

Multiview
Shape
Create Drawing
drawings
1. Size, Location
Dimensioning
2. Non-graphic information

Manufacture
 DEFINITION
Dimensioning is the process of specifying part’ s
information by using of figures, symbols and notes.

This information are such as:

1. Sizes and locations of features
2. Material’s type This course
3. Number required
4. Kind of surface finish
5. Manufacturing process
6. Size and geometric tolerances
 DIMENSIONING SYSTEM

1. Metric system : ISO and JIS standards This

Examples 32, 32.5, 32.55, 0.5 (not .5) etc. course

2. Decimal-inch system
Examples 0.25 (not .25), 5.375 etc.

3. Fractional-inch system
1 3
Examples , 5 etc.
4 8
Dimensioning
Components
 EXTENSION LINES
indicate the location on the object’s features that
are dimensioned.
 DIMENSION LINES
indicate the direction and extent of a dimension, and
inscribe dimension figures.

10 27

13
123
o

43
 LEADER LINES

indicate details of the feature with a local note.

10 27 10 Drill, 2 Holes
R16

13
123
o

43
Lines Used in Dimensioning

 Arrowheads are used to indicate the extent of a

dimension. They should be uniform in size &
style throughout the drawing.
Lines Used in Dimensioning

A center line is a thin, dark, solid line that

alternates long and short dashes to locate holes
and other symmetrical features.
 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING
INFORMATION SHEET

FLOOR-PLAN DIMENSIONING

Dimensions show the builder the width and length of the building. Dimensioning
architectural drawings differ from dimensioning mechanical drawings in many ways.
The DIMENSIONING system most commonly used in architectural drafting is known
as aligned dimensioning. With this system, dimensions are placed in line with the
dimension lines and are read from the bottom or right side of the sheet. Dimension
numerals are centered on and placed above the solid dimension lines:

41'_0"

15'-0. "

7/-f.p# eo'_O·

uOAO

BcTOM C
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/0

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BASEMENT F-LOOQ. PLAN

ALIGNED DIMENSIONING ON A FLOOR PLAN

 RULES FOR DIMENSIONING

1. Architectural dimension lines are unbroken lines with dimensions placed above the line.
2. In drawing plans, feet and inch marks may be omitted as a general rule, (Do not omit dash).
a. Dimensions over l' are expressed in feet and inches.
b. Dimensions less than l' are shown in inches.
3. A slash is often used with fractional dimensions to conserve vertical space.
4. Dimensions should be placed to read from the right or from the bottom of the drawing.
5. You should place dimensions so that the drawing does not appear crowded.
a. Space dimension fines a minimum of 3/8" from the object and from each other.
b. If there is room, it is preferred to start the first dimension line 1/2" from the plan.
6. Be consistent so that dimension lines are evenly spaced (regardless of distance chosen).
7. Dimension lines terminate at the extension lines with dots, arrowheads, or slash marks.
8. Dimension numerals are drawn 1/8" high with the aid of guidelines.
9. Line and arrowhead weights are the same as those used in dimensioning mechanical drawings.
10. Overall building dimension are placed outside the other dimension Jines.
a. The first line of dimensions on the plan is the smallest distance from the exterior wall the
the center of windows, doors and partition (interior) wails.
b. The second lines of dimensions generally gives the distance from the outside walls to the
partition (interior) walls.
c. The third fine of dimensions is usually the overall distance between the two exterior walls.

,-- .,\PPRO)(IIV1ATELY 1/8"

, - ;/
v
~

:9 -0 II
1
/ IO'-O~ ~
L/- EQUAL SP/\CE

~
tS"OIl 17'-0
11 1
f 3/8" iVll NIMU M

SP/lDE DEPENDS
UPON ,iWlIILABLE
,900fVI 3/8 " TO 1"
! .,- INTERIOR
! EXTENSION
LINES, TO
CENTER OF
FEATURE -".,
1
I

1/1?"~
-- EXTERIOR EXTENSIOf\1 L1II JE,
ASSUMED TO OUTSiDE
FACE OF STUDS

- '­ -

DIMENSION LINE SPACING

 11. Room sizes may be shown by stating width and length.

12. When an area to be dimensioned is too small for the numerals, they are placed outside the

extension lines.

13. Window and door sizes may be shown directly on the door or window symbol or may be indexed
to a door or wirldow schedu Ie.
14. Curved leaders are sometimes used to eliminate confusion with other dimension lines.
15. When an area is too small for an arrowhead, dots may be used to indicate the dimension limits.
16. When the space is small, arrowheads may be placed outside the extension lines.
17. A dot with a leader refers to the large area noted.
18. Dimensions that cannot be seen on the floor plan or those too small to place on the object are
placed on leaders for easier reading.
19. In dimensioning stairs, the number of risers is placed on a line with an arrow indicating the
direction (up or down).
20. Windows, doors, pilasters, beams and areaways are dimensioned to their centerlines.
21. Use abbreviations when symbols do not show clearly what is intended.
22. Sub-dimensions must add up to overall dimensions (14'-0" + 12'-0" = 26'-0").
23. Architectural dimensions always refer to the actual size of the building regardless of the scale of
the drawing.
24. Aligned dimensions are placed in alignment with an angled wall or feature.

F=~~

OPEN ARROWHEADS

CLOSED ARROWHEADS

PERPENDICULAR LINES

SLASH LINES
3" MINIMUM II
..... "­ ..... TRIANGLES ~
-------r!'­
v v
'" CIRCLES DOOR CENTERED
i\illNIMUM DISTANCE
IN HALLWAY, ASSUMED
DOOR TO WALL ASSUMED
I
DIFFERENT STYLES OF
ARROWHEADS

36"* S~OWER

~EADER
WITH
LINE CURVED FREEHAND OR
IRREGULAR CURVE, OR STRAIGHT.
CENTER AT BEGINNING OR END OF NOTE.
TERMINATE WITH ARROWHEAD.
 NAME _ ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING
WORKSHEET: MEASUREMENT

MEASURING A FLOOR PLAN

MAKE ALL MEASUREMENTS WITH SCALE: 1/4"= 1'-0".

SUB DIMENSIONS MUST TOTAL CORRECTLY.

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Recommended
Practices
 EXTENSION LINES
Leave a visible gap (≈ 1 mm) from a view and
start drawing an extension line.
Extend the lines beyond the (last) dimension line
1-2 mm.
COMMON MISTAKE
Visible gap
 EXTENSION LINES
Do not break the lines as they cross object lines.

COMMON MISTAKE
Continuous
 DIMENSION LINES
Dimension lines should not be spaced too close
to each other and to the view.

Leave a space at least

2 times of a letter height.
16

11
34
35

Leave a space at least

1 time of a letter height.
 DIMENSION FIGURES
The height of figures is suggested to be 2.5~3 mm.

Place the numbers at about 1 mm above dimension

line and between extension lines.

34 COMMON MISTAKE
11

34
11
 DIMENSION FIGURES
When there is not enough space for figure or
arrows, put it outside either of the extension lines.

Not enough space Not enough space

for figures for arrows
16.25
16.25 1 1 1

or
 DIMENSION FIGURES : UNITS
The JIS and ISO standards adopt the unit of

Length dimension in millimeters without

specifying a unit symbol “mm”.

Angular dimension in degree with a symbol “o”

place behind the figures (and if necessary
minutes and seconds may be used together).
DIMENSION FIGURES : ORIENTATION
1. Aligned method
The dimension figures are placed so that they
are readable from the bottom and right side of
the drawing.

2. Unidirectional method

The dimension figures are placed so that they

can be read from the bottom of the drawing.

Do not use both system on the same drawing or

on the same series of drawing (JIS Z8317)
EXAMPLE : Dimension of length using aligned method.
30
30

30

30
30

30

30
30
EXAMPLE : Dimension of length using unidirectional method.

30

30 30

30 30

30 30

30
EXAMPLE : Dimension of angle using aligned method.

45o
45

o
45

o
45o

45o
45

o
45
o

45o
EXAMPLE : Dimension of angle using unidirectional method.

45o
45o 45o

45o 45o

45o 45o

45o
 LOCAL NOTES
Place the notes near to the feature which they
apply, and should be placed outside the view.
Always read horizontally.

COMMON MISTAKE
10 Drill 10 Drill

10 Drill
≈ 10mm
Too far
Dimensioning
Practices
 THE BASIC CONCEPT
Dimensioning is accomplished by adding size and
location information necessary to manufacture
the object.

This information have to be

Clear
Complete
Facilitate the
- manufacturing method
- measurement method
EXAMPLE L L

Designed
part

L
S

L
S
To manufacture this part S
we need to know…
1. Width, depth and
thickness of the part.
S

2. Diameter and depth

of the hole.
“S” denotes size dimension.
3. Location of the holes.
“L” denotes location dimension.
 ANGLE
To dimension an angle use circular dimension
line having the center at the vertex of the angle.

COMMON MISTAKE
 ARC
Arcs are dimensioned by giving the radius, in the
views in which their true shapes appear.
The letter “R” is always lettered before the figures
to emphasize that this dimension is radius of an
arc.

0
20
0 20
R R
or
 ARC
The dimension figure and the arrowhead should
be inside the arc, where there is sufficient space.

Sufficient space Sufficient space Insufficient space

for both. for arrowhead only. for both.
Move figure outside Move both figure
and arrow outside
R 62.5
0
20

R 6.5
R

R 58.5
 ARC
Leader line must be radial and inclined with
an angle between 30 ~ 60 degs to the horizontal.

COMMON MISTAKE
R62.5 R62.5 R62.5
60
o

R62.5
R62.5 R62.5
30
o
 ARC
Use the foreshortened radial dimension line,
when arc’ s center locates outside the sheet or
interfere with other views.

Method 2
1

Drawing sheet
 FILLETS AND ROUNDS
Give the radius of a typical fillet only by using a
local note.
If all fillets and rounds are uniform in size,
dimension may be omitted, but it is necessary to
add the note “ All fillets and round are Rxx. ”
R6.5 R12

NOTE:
NOTE: All fillets and round are R6.5
All fillets and round are R6.5 unless otherwise specified.

Drawing sheet
 CURVE
The curve constructed from two or more arcs,
requires the dimensions of radii and center’s
location.
COMMON MISTAKE
Tangent point
 CYLINDER
Size dimensions are diameter and length.
Location dimension must be located from its
center lines and should be given in circular view.

Measurement
method
 CYLINDER
Diameter should be given in a longitudinal view
with the symbol “φ ” placed before the figures.

φ 100

φ 70
 HOLES
Size dimensions are diameter and depth.
Location dimension must be located from its
center lines and should be given in circular view.

Measurement
method
 HOLES : SMALL SIZE
Use leader line and local note to specify diameter
and hole’s depth in the circular view.
1) Through thickness hole

φ xx φ xx Thru. xx Drill. xx Drill, Thru.

or or or
 HOLES : SMALL SIZE
Use leader line and local note to specify diameter
and hole’s depth in the circular view.

2) Blind hole
φ xx, yy Deep xx Drill, yy Deep

or

Hole’s
depth
 HOLES : LARGE SIZE

Use extension and Use diametral Use leader line

dimension lines dimension line and note

φ xx
 HOLES
COMMON MISTAKE
φ xx φ xx
φ xx Rxx

φ xx

φ xx
 CHAMFER
Use leader line and note to indicate linear
distance and angle of the chamfer.

θ
S θ
S

For a 45o chamfer

or

CS S S
 ROUNDED-END SHAPES
Dimensioned according to the manufacturing
method used.

φ 12 Center to Center Distance

R12

21
5
 ROUNDED-END SHAPES
Dimensioned according to the manufacturing
method used.

R12
12

21

Center to Center Distance

5
 ROUNDED-END SHAPES
Dimensioned according to the manufacturing
method used.
R12

12

16 21
 ROUNDED-END SHAPES
Dimensioned according to the manufacturing
method used.
R12
12

27

Tool cutting distance

 ROUNDED-END SHAPES
Dimensioned according to the standard sizes of
another part to be assembled or manufacturing
method used.
Key
(standard part)

25
 ROUNDED-END SHAPES
Dimensioned according to the standard sizes of
another part to be assembled or manufacturing
method used.

20
Placement of
Dimensions
 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE
1. Extension lines, leader lines should not cross
dimension lines.

POOR GOOD
 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE
2. Extension lines should be drawn from the nearest
points to be dimensioned.

POOR GOOD
 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE
3. Extension lines of internal feature can cross visible
lines without leaving a gap at the intersection point.

WRONG CORRECT
 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE
4. Do not use object line, center line, and dimension

line as an extension lines.

POOR GOOD
 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE
5. Avoid dimensioning hidden lines.

POOR GOOD
 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE
6. Place dimensions outside the view, unless
placing them inside improve the clarity.

POOR GOOD
 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE
6. Place dimensions outside the view, unless
placing them inside improve the clarity.

JUST OK !!! BETTER

 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE
7. Apply the dimension to the view that clearly show
the shape or features of an object.

POOR GOOD
 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE
8. Dimension lines should be lined up and grouped
together as much as possible.

POOR GOOD
 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE
9. Do not repeat a dimension.

POOR GOOD
 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING
INFORMATION

ARCHITECTURAL SYMBOLS
The drawing of an architectural working drawing requires a knowledge of the sym­
bols and terms commonly used in the design and construction industry. All architectural
working drawings must communicate in a clear and concise manner to the builders.
In order to simplify the details on a drawing and to speed drawing time it is neces­
sary to use architectural symbols. Many symbols are designed to approximate the ap­
'pearance of an item, or the material from which it is constructed (Fig. 1 ). Some
symbols however, may have no graphic resemblance to the material or item that they
are to represent (fig. 2 ).

riel
~

Fig. 1 Some architectural symbols are similar

to the item they represent

Fig. 2 Some architectural symbols have no

similarity to the item they represent

SYMBOL CONVENTIONS
The American Institute of Architect (AlA) and the American National Standard In­
stitute (ANSI) have each set standard conventions for architectural symbols. Since
many new and different types ,of construction materials, appliances and fixtures are con­
tinually being developed and IJsed in construction, many architectural drafters will use
symbols of their own design and show their meaning in a legend or symbol chart on the
drawing. While there are some different symbols being used, there is an overall accep­
tance of the AlA and ANSI symbol conventions.
As a general rule when a symbol is not clear or a new type of material is to be noted
on a drawing, a notation should be used with the symbol (Rg. 3 ,). This Will clarify the
communication to the builders. It must be remembered that architectural working draw­
ings must be read by many persons in the building trades. Everything must be clear so
no guess work will be involved with the design, ordering of materials or construction
phases.

z:~ I
DOUBLE THERMAL PANES
Rg. 3 For clarity, if it is needed,
use a notation with the symbol
RULES FOR DRAWING SYMBOLS
1. Always use drawing instruments. Never draw the symbols freehand on a working
drawing. Use an architectural drawing template to increase the speed and clarity of the
symbols (Fig. 4 ). Be certain that the template figures are the same scale as your
drawing's scale.
2. The location of the symbol on the working drawing is closely approximated. If an
exact location is required, dimensions must be added to the symbol on the drawing
(Fig. 5 ).
3, Symbols are not drawn to the exact size of the actual item. The general size of the
architectural symbols will vary with the scale of the drawing. The symbol should be of
convenient reading size, It should 110t be too small or large (Fig. 6).
4. Material symbols need not cover the full surface as shown in figure 7
Repetitious drawing symbols need not be completely drawn.
5. Have references for architectural symbols available.

/
: -' i /
/

c 1 -.::z-l
/
/
/

/
6'-6' HT . /

I ,///

La'
4 '-0'
.I
Fig. 4 Use an architectural template
for the drawing of symbols
Fig. 5 Add dimensions if exact
locations are required

SCALE TOO
GOOD
SMALL
SCALE
CEDAR SHINGLES

SCALE TOO
LARGE '1,6' VERTICAL SIDING

Fig. 6· Fig.. 7
Good symbol proportions are important Symbols for surface cover materials
for architectural working drawings need not cover the entire surface
 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWJNG
INFORMATION SHEET

PLUMBING SYMBOLS

8ECESSE-D
7 I
F'r:jE2 5TANDINCj
lZ2r
SQUAF\E­
BATI--l TUB BATH TUB BATUTUB
BT BT BT

lC -1T
AT&h ...

m~l'.~"~;CI _V· ~P

~~
.----------::
COPjNEp' SITZ. '. ONE PIE:Lc­
BATWTUB BATUTUB W,ATEI1 CLOSET -.

BT BT . we
I§iri *A'

(
l'r '-
WALL~UN~ ·
WATE~ cCOS~
c=J
0·'
TWO PIECE
WATE~ CLOSET
~.
~
: .
WALL WUN<1
U~INAL
we we UPj

51..WWE:~
WEAO: BIDE-T
o o
F-~c-E
U~INAL
5TANOINS
~:
" .
.

51--1\--10 B
.meUp'Ed
O~
If,

o~

~II~
WALLl--lUN~ ~
LAVATOFW
.LAV
~e!~~ND<N"~
>+-r
LAVATOp'Y
L,AV
COUNTE"
LAVATO~Y
LAV
Top~l~
••: . ' :

~
WCL

WATEi')·COOU::l1 ~
WCL -~
 WINDOW SYMBOLS

DOU8LE: I-IUNe, 5WINGINC,

WINDOW SLJOINe, WINDOW WINDOWS
DWW 5LO WOw SWG, WOW

L .-J

AWNIN<; WINDOW WOPPe~ WINDOW JALOUSIE:- WINDOW

AWN WOW WOP WOW JAL WOW c

ron ra.

~\ \ \\\-;\\' SQUD.~c BAY

FIXE-D WINDOW ~ BAY WINDOW WINDOW
FX WOW BAy WOW SQ BAy wow

DOOR SYMBOLS
°

\
.....

·YJl c::::~ -<r~..

/\

INT~~IO~ ~OO"" DOUBLE

5WIN~INe, ooo~ °

-
00 00

INT DF'] ~XT OPt 05LoSW~ o~

s:::=;:::;;

~q
Ili!ld Iii{

.~
SLtD1N<; ooo~
SLO<;°Oq
/
0­

POCIlE:-T
PI1 oq
BilJlJl.ir.,.
OOO~

e
Jl o

F~E-NC\-1
F-~
0001=\5
O~S
'I
.;
1
I;
.:
_ I

~ ~

VJi ACCO~OIAN ~. °

DUTCI-l 'DOO~
DT D~ ACON D~
OOA B'FOLo<N,
BI-l=-LD oPts
ood101
 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWII~-.J

VARIOUS ARCHITECTURAL SYMBOLS

Abbreviation, plan symbol, elevation and pictorial

.t'

BUILDING MATERIAL SYMBOLS:

SECTION SECTION SECTION SECTION
NAME ABBRV SYMBOL ELEVATION NA"'E ABBRV SYMBOL ELEVATiON NAME ABBRV SYMBOL ELEVATION NAME ABBRV SYMBOL ELEVATION

COMMON
BRICK
COM
BRK
~I~ WELDED
WIRE MESH
WWM
Sl~ rr
EARTH
CUT STONE,
ASHLAR
CTSTN
ASH
~I~
_I~ ~I.u ~[~
FACE FC ROCK CUT STONE, CT STN
FABRIC FAB RK RGH
BRICK BRK ROUGH

I ~-- -~
I~
- -.-T'ln

FIREBRICK FRB
~I.~ UOUID laO
~ ~f}~~ SAND SD MARBLE MARB

GLASS '.

GLASS
BLOCK
GL

Gl
BLK
., .-"

~ II'j ':J<::J,:,'I
COMPOSITION
SHINGLE

RIOGID
INSULATION
SOLID
COMP
SH

RDG
INS
E31~
mlam
GRAVEL

CINDERS

--
I
-
GV

CIN
FLAGSTONE

CUT SLATE
FlG ST

I CT SlT
-
JI
~~
~
ml~ ~
MM I [1[
"""'';-'''''-1
IF RANDOM RND
LOOSE-FILL ,-\''') ~f-- ...
STRUCTURAL STRUC AGGREGATE AGR RUB
GLASS Gl
INSULATION INS
;1::7;I'/J;~"d RUBBLE

~I~ fS{yj [:.:.···.··;,::\~{{ltj ~IM

\~
QUILT OlT LIMESTONE
FROSTED FRST CONCRETE CONC LM ST

-
GLASS Gl

~I- LId I[:.;::<\:>'ili ~I-

..:··.·.\.·•..:1
SOUND SND CEMENT CEM CERAMIC
CER Tl
STEEL STl INSULATION. INS TILE

CAST IRON CST IR

~ 1l1li CORK
INSULATION
CRK
INS Imlmm TERAZZO
CONCRETE
TER
CONC
TERRA-COTTA
TILE
TC Tl
ElrnHE
BRASS &
BRONZE
BRS
BRZ
,~~"
~~~'$

R 1l1li
- PLASTER
WALL

PLASTER
PLST
WL

PLST
~1[[3d

~III:I:I
I
I I '1 Ii
CONCRETE
BLOCK

--
CAST
CONC
BlK

CST
,.: . :t.~

r'~
: 10'1':
'1::.•.:.'
.:'

[1:::1:1:
;:J..i:.;J.
STRUCTURAL
CLAY TilE
--~

~~~Ll SCALE
I ST
Cl TL

TL
m'!rnHE
~ 1111
~~
ALUMINUM Al BLOCK BLK BLOCK 1'] I
BlK :::: ....:::-",.'.>

-
---
PLASTER
I
:'~"J';"V: 11",':":':"j
~
~

~ 1111
SHT PlST CINDER
WALL AND CIN GLAZED GLZ FAC
SHEET METAL
IFLASHING}
MrL
FLASH
J~ METAL
LATHE
Wl&
MT lTH
BLOCK
BLK
::.';~<I'lt
.';".:.::~.\.:;.
.. : . : .' :: .. ·.~.;:·;il~
FACE HOLLOW
TILE
HOl Tl

REINFORCING
STEEL BARS
REBAR ~1~=1
L~ t:=--=--:=j
PLASTER
WALL AND
CHANNEL
STUQS
~~~ '1~
~ I [22]
CHNSTD '::.:::'-::.':::::'.
TERRA·
COTTA BLOCK
LARGE
SCALE
TC
BlK
igil ==;;
~i
TERRA·COTTA
BLOCK
SMALL
SCALE
I TC
BLK
II I f:(:);:'<~:;,l
~
09 ConPal Dewalt 7/8/05 3:48 PM Page 1

Plan Symbols

ARCHITECTURAL SYMBOLS
Symbol Definition

Wall section No. 2

2 can be seen on
drawing No. A-4.
A-4
Detail section No. 3
can be seen on
3 drawing No. A-5.
L-5

Building section A-A

AA can be seen on
drawing No. A-6.
A-6
Main object line

Hidden or invisible line

Indicates center line

3" 3' 4" Dimension lines

Extension lines

Symbol indicates center line

Indicates wall suface

N Indicates north direction

09 ConPal Dewalt 7/8/05 3:48 PM Page 2

ARCHITECTURAL SYMBOLS (cont.)

Symbol Definition

ca Column line grid

5 or 5 Partition type

A Window type

05 Door number

05 Room number

10'-0" Ceiling height

2 Revision marker

Break in a continuous line

3 Refer to note #3

100'-0"
Elevation marker

1 Interior elevations
1,2,3 & 4 can be
4 A-5 2 seen on drawing A-5.
Direction of triangle
3 indicates elevation.
09 ConPal Dewalt 7/8/05 3:48 PM Page 12

PLUMBING FIXTURE SYMBOLS

Baths

Corner Recessed Angle

Whirlpool Institutional
or island

Showers

Stall Corner Stall Wall Gang

Water Closets

Tank Flush Valve Bidet

Urinals

Wall Stall Trough

Lavatories

Vanity Wall Counter Pedestal

09 ConPal Dewalt 7/8/05 3:48 PM Page 13

PLUMBING FIXTURE SYMBOLS (cont.)

Kitchen Sinks

Single basin Single drainboard

Twin basin Double drainboard

Drinking Fountains or
Electric Water Coolers

DF DF DF
Floor or wall Recessed Semirecessed

Dishwasher Laundry Trays

DW LT L T

Single Double

Service Sinks Wash Fountains

SS SS
WF WF

Wall Floor Circular Semicircular

Hot Water Separators

HW HWT G O

Gas Oil
Heater Tank
 09 ConPal Dewalt
MATERIAL INDICATION SYMBOLS
Material Plan Elevation Section

Floor areas
Wood

7/8/05
left blank
Siding Panel Framing Finish

3:48 PM
Face Same as
Brick
plan view
Common Face or common

Page 14
Cut
Stone

Rubble Cut Rubble Cut Rubble

 09 ConPal Dewalt
Same as
Concrete
plan view

Concrete Same as

7/8/05
block plan view

3:48 PM
Earth None None

Page 15
Large scale
Glass
Small scale

Same as Insulation Loose fill or batt

Insulation section
Board
 09 ConPal Dewalt
MATERIAL INDICATION SYMBOLS (cont.)

Material Plan Elevation Section

Plaster Stud
Same as

7/8/05
Plaster
section
Lath and plaster

3:48 PM
Structural Indicate
steel by note

Page 16
Indicate Show
Sheet metal
by note contour
flashing
 09 ConPal Dewalt
Tile

Floor Wall

7/8/05
3:48 PM
9-17

Porous fill None None

Page 17
Plywood Indicated by note Indicated by note
 09 ConPal Dewalt
MATERIAL INDICATION SYMBOLS (cont.)

Material Plan Elevation Section

7/8/05
Batt None Same as plan
insulation

3:48 PM
Rigid None Same as plan
insulation

Page 18
Small scale
Glass

Large scale
 09 ConPal Dewalt
Gypsum Same as plan
wallboard

7/8/05
Acoustical None

3:48 PM
Page 19
Ceramic Same as plan
wall tile

Floor tile None

09 ConPal Dewalt 7/8/05 3:48 PM Page 20

LANDSCAPE SYSTEMS AND GRAPHICS

Property Fence
line

Center
line
Concrete
Building

Sand

Window

Brick
Door

Paving —
Gravel
pattern

Rock
random

Wall
Water
Stone
wall

Hedge Swamp
09 ConPal Dewalt 7/8/05 3:48 PM Page 21

LANDSCAPE SYSTEMS AND GRAPHICS (cont.)

Slope up Grass

down

Steps
Ground
up cover

down
Benchmark EI.00.0

Trees —

Topographic
contours
deciduous evergreen
10
Shrubs —

5
deciduous evergreen

Herbaceous
plants Contour lines —
(flowers)
unaltered

altered
Same
variety
proposed
 09 ConPal Dewalt
MATERIALS SYMBOLS
Earthworks

Earth/compact fill Porous fill/gravel Rock

7/8/05
Concrete

3:48 PM
Cast-in-place/precast Lightweight Sand/mortar/
plaster/cut stone

Masonry

Page 22
Adobe/rammed earth Common/face Fire brick

Concrete block Gypsum block Structural facing tile

 09 ConPal Dewalt
Stone

Bluestone/slate/ Rubble Marble

soapstone/flagging

7/8/05
Metal

3:48 PM
Aluminum Brass/bronze Steel/other metals

Wood

Page 23
Finish Rough Blocking

Hardboard Plywood – large scale Plywood – small scale

 09 ConPal Dewalt
MATERIALS SYMBOLS (cont.)
Glass

Glass Structural Glass block

7/8/05
Insulation

3:48 PM
Batt/loose fill Rigid Spray/foam

Finishes

Page 24
Acoustical tile Ceramic tile – large scale Ceramic tile – small scale

Carpet and pad Gypsum wallboard Metal lath and plaster

 09 ConPal Dewalt
Finishes (cont.)

Plastic Resilient flooring/plastic laminate Terrazzo

7/8/05
Plan and Section Indications
Partition Indications

3:48 PM
Wood stud Metal stud Special finish face

Elevation Indications

Page 25
Brick Ceramic tile Concrete/plaster

Glass Sheet metal Shingles/siding

 09 ConPal Dewalt
WINDOW AND DOOR SYMBOLS
Type Plan Elevation

Double hung
windows

7/8/05
3:48 PM
Casement
windows

Page 26
indicates
window
hinge

Slider
09 ConPal Dewalt 7/8/05 3:48 PM Page 27
Exterior

Interior

Bifold
door

door

door
 09 ConPal Dewalt
WINDOW AND DOOR SYMBOLS (cont.)

Double hung Fixed glass

windows Door

7/8/05
Alternate double Alternate frame
hung window wall symbols

Openings in Frame Wall

3:48 PM
Page 28
Double unit Awning and Fixed glass
casement windows hopper Door

Partition

Openings in Brick Veneer Wall

 09 ConPal Dewalt
Sliding doors 2 units double
hung windows Door

7/8/05
Alternate
position
Openings in Masonry Wall

3:48 PM
Interior door Double Arch Pocket

Page 29
action door sliding door

Bypass sliding door Accordion door

Bifold doors

Openings in Interior Partitions

09 ConPal Dewalt 7/8/05 3:48 PM Page 30

DRAWING CONVENTIONS AND SYMBOLS

Graphic Symbols
The symbols shown are those that seem to be the most
common and acceptable, judged by the frequency of use
by the architectural offices surveyed. This list can and
should be expanded by each office to include symbols
generally used by it, but not indicated here. Adoption of
these symbols as standard practice is desirable to improve
communication in the industry.

Up 17R
Stair direction symbol
111/2 T

N North point
to be placed on each
floor plan, generally in
lower right hand corner
of drawings

Note Indication arrows

Note drawn with straight
lines (not curved);
Note must touch object
09 ConPal Dewalt 7/8/05 3:48 PM Page 31

DRAWING CONVENTIONS AND SYMBOLS (cont.)

Indicates section number

C C
A-3 Indicates drawing sheet A-3
on which section is shown

3 7
A-1 A-5

II
A-3

Section Lines and Section References

Indicates detail number

5 9
A-8 A-4

Indicates drawing sheet

on which detail is shown

Detail References
 09 ConPal Dewalt
DRAWING CONVENTIONS AND SYMBOLS (cont.)

461.0' New or required C Building section

point elevation A-9 Reference drawing number

7/8/05
461.0' Existing point 7 Wall section or elevation
elevation (plan) A-11 Reference drawing number

3:48 PM
8 Existing contours 7 Detail
26 elevation noted on
high side A-12 Reference drawing number

Page 32
0 New contours
32 elevation noted on 1302 Room/space number
high side

TB-1 Test boring 354 Equipment number

 09 ConPal Dewalt
Match line
shaded portions –
the side considered

A 4 Column reference grids

7/8/05
Level line
control point or
datum

3:48 PM
3 Revision
N
Project north

Page 33
h
ort
E Window type (magnetic north arrow

gn
used on plot site plan only)

Ma
123 Door number
B (if more than one door
per room subscript letters
are used)
09 ConPal Dewalt 7/8/05 3:48 PM Page 34

DRAWING CONVENTIONS AND SYMBOLS (cont.)

Dash and dot

Center lines, projections, existing elevations lines

Dash and double dot line

Property lines, boundary lines

Dotted line
Hidden, future or existing construction to be removed

Break line
To break off parts of drawing

Linework

4' 0" 8" Slash

4"
2' 8"
Arrow
8' 1/2"
4' 0"

6' 2"

63/4"
26' 8" 2" Dot
5' 4"
1
/2"
Accent

Horizontal Vertical
Dimension Lines