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    24 Gen Chem 1 ...

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    Elaine Ditalo Gongon
    This document discusses the difference between molecules and ions. A molecule consists of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds, while an ion is an atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost electrons, acquiring an electric charge. The document provides examples of common molecules like O2 and H2O as well as ions like Na+ and Cl-. It explains how ions combine to form ionic compounds and gives examples like NaCl.

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    24 Gen Chem 1 ...

    Uploaded by

    Elaine Ditalo Gongon
    48 views3 pages
    This document discusses the difference between molecules and ions. A molecule consists of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds, while an ion is an atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost electrons, acquiring an electric charge. The document provides examples of common molecules like O2 and H2O as well as ions like Na+ and Cl-. It explains how ions combine to form ionic compounds and gives examples like NaCl.

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    This document discusses the difference between molecules and ions. A molecule consists of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds, while an ion is an atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost electrons, acquiring an electric charge. The document provides examples of common molecules like O2 and H2O as well as ions like Na+ and Cl-. It explains how ions combine to form ionic compounds and gives examples like NaCl.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    48 views3 pages

    24 Gen Chem 1 ...

    Uploaded by

    Elaine Ditalo Gongon
    This document discusses the difference between molecules and ions. A molecule consists of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds, while an ion is an atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost electrons, acquiring an electric charge. The document provides examples of common molecules like O2 and H2O as well as ions like Na+ and Cl-. It explains how ions combine to form ionic compounds and gives examples like NaCl.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Gen Chem 1 #24

    This concept can be used in naming compounds.

    A neutral atom becomes an ion either by losing an electron (cations) or by gaining an Electron
    (anions).

    NUETRAL
    ATOM

    Loss of Electron(s) Gain of Electron(s)

    CATIONS ANIONS (
    (+) -)

    Review:

    A MOLECULE is a particle that consists of at least two atoms.

    Covalent compounds (formed from two or more nonmetals) exist as molecules.

    Examples:

     oxygen gas O2, nitrogen gas N2, chlorine gas Cl2,

    exist as diatomic molecules – their molecules contain two atoms.

     Ozone, O3
    Which protects the earth from harmful UV rays from the Sun, is a polyatomic
    molecule of oxygen. A molecule of ozone contains three oxygen atoms.

    A molecule can also contain more than one kind of atom.

    Example:

     H2O - a water molecule is composed of 1 oxygen atom and 2 hydrogen atoms.


     CO2 - carbon dioxide, the gas that is a product of respiration, is a also a molecule
    containing 1 carbon atom and 2 oxygen atom.

    NOTE:

    ( For your reference: cite some examples of molecules, and describe just like in the examples)
    Just like atoms, molecules are electrically neutral, with equal number of protons and
    electrons. When an atom or a molecule acquires a net charge, it becomes an ion.

    An ION is an atom or a group of atoms having a positive or a negative charge.

    A positive ion results from the loss of one or more electrons.

    A negative ion results from the gain of one or more electrons.

    (see the concept map)

    Examples of ions:

     Cl- - chloride ions, a negative ion – anion


     Na+ - sodium ion, a positive ion – cation
    -
     C2H3O2 - is a polyatomic anion that is present in venigar

    Compounds that are composed of ions are called IONIC COMPOUNDS.

    Example of ionic compound:

     NaCl – a combination of a metal (Na+) and a nonmetal (Cl-)


     H2O
     CO2

    The charge of an ion is equal to the number of electrons it gains or lose.

    Example:

     Cl-
     C2H3O2- (acetate)

    Both gained 1 electron. This is the reason why there is a negative sign at the upper right
    of the chemical symbol.

     O2- (oxide)
     S2- (sulfide)

    Oxide and sulfide are ions that were formed by gain of two electrons.

     Na+, sodium lost an electron, so a positive sign is written at the upper right
    (superscript) of the chemical symbol.
     Fe3+, Iron lose three electrons to form Fe 3+
     Mg2+, magnesium lose two electrons to form Mg 2+
    Assessment:
    A. Indicate the number of electrons lost or gained in forming these ions.

    IONS # of electrons lost # of electrons gained


    NH4+

    CO32-

    Gold(III)

    OH-

    SO42-

    B. Write every possible ionic compound formed using two of these ions.
    1. NH4+ ____________________
    2. CO32- ____________________
    3. Ca2+ ____________________
    4. K+ ____________________
    5. Br- ____________________
    C. Determine whether the following are molecules or ions.
    _________ 1. Fluorine gas (F2)
    _________ 2. Lithium fluoride (LiF)
    _________ 3. Glucose (C6H12O6)
    _________ 4. Cr3+
    _________ 5. PO43-

    D. Give the name of each of the following compounds.


    1. NO2 ________________
    2. NaF ________________
    3. CaBr2 ________________
    4. CuS2O3 _______________
    5. CaC2O4 _______________

    E. Given the name of the compound, write the molecular formula.


    1. Carbon monoxide
    2. Nitrogen trichloride
    3. Phosphorous pentabromide
    4. Sulfur tetrafluoride
    5. Bromine trifluoride

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