NCERT Solutions for Class 11

Maths
Chapter 7 – Permutations and Combinations

Exercise 7.1

1. How many 3 -digit numbers can be formed from the digits 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
assuming that
(i) repetition of the digits is allowed?
(ii) repetition of the digits is not allowed?

Ans:
(i) There are ways of filling 3 empty places in succession by the given 5 digits. In
the given case, repetition of digits is allowed. Thus, the units place can be filled in
by any of the all 5 digits. Similarly, tens and hundreds digits can be filled by any of
the all 5 digits. Thus, the number of ways in which 3-digit numbers can be formed
from the given digits is 5  5  5 125.
(ii) In the given case, repetition of digits is not allowed. Thus, if units place is filled
at first, then it can be filled by any of the given 5 digits. Thus, the number of ways
is 5 . Similarly, the tens place can be filled by remaining 4 digits and the hundreds
place can be filled by remaining three digits. Therefore, by multiplication
principle, the number of ways = 5  4  3  60.

2. How many 3-digit even numbers cab be formed from the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6 if the digits can be repeated?
Ans: There are ways of filling 3 empty places in succession by the given 6 digits.

In the given case, the units place can be filled in by any of the all 6 digits.
Similarly, tens and hundreds digits can be filled by any of the all 6 digits, as
repetition is allowed.

Thus, by multiplication principle, the required 3-digit even numbers is

3  6  6 108

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3. How many 4-letter code can be formed using the first 10 letters of the
English alphabet, if no letter can be repeated?
Ans: There are ways of filling 4 empty places in succession by the given 10 letters
of the English alphabet, given that repetition is not allowed. The first place can be
filled in 10 different ways any of the given 10 letters and second place can be filled
in 9 different ways. Similarly third place can be filled in 8 different ways and the
fourth in 7 different ways.

Thus, by multiplication principle, the number of ways in which 4 empty places can
be filled is 10  9  8  7  5040

Therefore, 5040 4-letter codes can be formed with the help of first 10 letters of
English alphabet without repetition.

4. How many 5-digit telephone numbers can be constructed using the digits 0
to 9 if each number starts with 67 and no digit appears more than once?
Ans: Given: 5-digit telephone number starts with 67.

Therefore, there are ways of filling the 3 empty spaces 6, 7, __, __, __ by digits 0-9
without repetition.
Thus, units place can be filled in 8 different ways, tens place can be filled in 7
different ways and hundreds place can be filled in 6 different ways.

Thus, by multiplication principle, number of ways in which 5-digit telephone

number can be constructed is 8  7  6  336

5. A coin is tossed 3 times and the outcomes are recorded. How many possible
outcomes are there?
Ans: When a coin is tossed once, there are 2 outcomes (head and tail) i.e., the
number of ways of showing different face = 2

Thus, by multiplication principle, number of possible outcomes = 2  2  2  8

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6. Given 5 flags of different colours, how many different signals can be
generated if each signal requires the use of 2 flags, one below the other?
Ans: 1 signal = 2 flags.

There are ways of filling 2 empty places in succession by the given 5 flags.

The upper empty place can be filled in 5 different ways and the lower empty place
can be filled in 4 different ways.

Thus, by the multiplication principle, the ways in which different flags can be
generated = 5  4  20

Exercise 7.2

1. Evaluate (i) 8! (ii) 4! – 3!

Ans:
(i)8!=1 2  3  4  5  6  7  8  40320
(ii) 4! = 1 2  3  4 = 24
3!1 2  3= 6
 4!-3!= 24 -6 =18

2. Is 4! + 3! = 7!?
Ans:
3!1 2  3= 6
4! = 1 2  3  4 = 24
 3! 4!  6  24  30
7!1 2  3  4  5  6  7  5040
 3! 4! 7!

8!
3. Compute
6! 2!

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Ans:
8! 8  7  6! 8  7
   28
6! 2! 6! 2 1 2

1 1 x
4. If   , find x.
6! 7! 8!

Ans:
1 1 x
 
6! 7! 8!
1 1 x
  
6! 7! 6! 8  7  6!
1  1 x
 1   
6!  7  8  7  6!
1 x
 1 
7 8 7
8 x
 
7 8 7
88 7
x=
7
 x = 64

n!
5. Evaluate , when
(n - r)!

(i) n = 6, r = 2 (ii) n = 9, r = 5

Ans:

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(i) When n=6, r=2:
n! 6! 6! 6×5×4!
= = = =30
(n - r)! (6 - 2)! 4! 4!
(ii) When n=9, r=5:
n! 9! 9! 9×8×7×6×5×4!
= = =
(n - r)! (9 -5)! 4! 4!
= 9×8×7×6×5 =15120

Exercise 7.3

1. How many 3-digit numbers can be formed by using the digits 1 to 9 if no

digits is repeated?
Ans: Here, what matters is the order of digits.

Thus, there are permutations of 9 different digits taken 3 at a time.

Therefore, the number of 3-digit numbers =

9 9! 9!
P3 = =
(9 -3)! 6!
9×8×7×6!
= =9×8×7=504
6!

2. How many 4-digit numbers are there with no digit repeated?

Ans: The thousands place of the 4-digit number can be filled with any digit from 1
to 9 and 0 is not included. Thus, number of ways in which thousands place is filled
is 9.

Also, the hundreds, tens and units place can be filled with any digit from 0 to 9.
Since, te digits cannot be repeated and thousands place is already occupied by the
digit. The hundreds, tens and units place can be filled by remaining 9 digits.

Thus, there are permutations of 9 different digits taken 3 at a time.

Number of 3-digit numbers =

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9 9! 9!
P3 = =
(9 -3)! 6!
9×8×7×6!
= =9×8×7=504
6!

By, multiplication principle, number of 4-digit numbers is 9  504  4536

3. How many 3-digit even numbers can be made using the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7,
if no digit is repeated?
Ans: Using the numbers, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7, 3-digit numbers can be formed.
The units place can be filled by any of the digits 2, 4 or 6. Hence, there are 3 ways.
Since, it is given that, digits cannot be repeated, units place is already occupied, the
hundreds and tens place can be occupied by remaining 5 digits.

Thus, number of ways of filling hundreds and tens place =

5 5! 5!
P2 = =
(5- 2)! 3!
5×4×3!
= =20
3!

Therefore, by multiplication principle, number of 3-digit numbers = 3  20  60

4. Find the number of 4-digit numbers that can be formed using the digits 1, 2,
3, 4, 5 if no digit is repeated. How many of these will be even?
Ans: From the digits 1,2 ,3 ,4 and 5, 4-digit numbers can be formed.

There are permutations of 5 different things taken 4 at a time.

Thus, number of 4 digit numbers =

5 5! 5!
P4 = =
(5- 4)! 1!
=1×2×3×4×5 =120

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Out of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, we know that even numbers end either by 2 or 4.
Thus, ways in which units place can be filled is 2.

Since, repetition is not allowed, units place is already occupied by a digit and
remaining vacant places can be filled by remaining 4 digits.

Thus, number of ways in which remaining places can be filled =

4 4! 4!
P3 = =
(4 -3)! 1!
=4×3×2×1= 24

Therefore, by multiplication principle, number of even numbers = 24  2  48

5. From a committee of 8 persons, how many ways can we choose a chairman

and a vice chairman assuming one person cannot hold more than one position.
Ans: In a committee of 8 persons, a chairman and vice chairman are selected in
such away that one person can hold only one position.

Thus, ways of choosing a chairman and vice chairman is permutation of 8 objects

taken 2 at a time

Therefore, number of ways

8! 8! 8×7×6!
8 P2 = = = = 56
(8- 2)! 6! 6!

n-1
6. Find n if P3 : n P4 =1:9

Ans:
n-1
P3 : n P4 =1:9

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n-1
P3 1
n
=
P4 9
 (n -1)! 
 (n -1-3)!
 =1
 (n -1)!  9
 (n - 4)!
 
(n -1)! (n - 4)! 1
× =
(n - 4)! n! 9

(n -1)! 1
=
n×(n -1)! 9
1 1
=
n 9
n = 9

7. Find r if

(i) 5Pr = 26 Pr-1 (ii) 5Pr = 6 Pr-1

Ans:

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(i) 5 Pr = 26 Pr-1
5! 6!
 =2×
(5- r)! (6 - r +1)!
5! 2×6!
 =
(5- r)! (7 - r )!
5! 6×5!
 =
(5- r)! (7 - r )(6 - r )(5- r )!
2×6
 1=
(7 - r)(6 - r)
 (7 - r)(6 - r) =12
 42 - 6r - 7r + r2 =12
 r 2 -13r +30 = 0
 r 2 -3r -10r + 30 = 0
 r(r -3) -10(r -3) = 0
 (r -3)(r -10) = 0
 r -3= 0 or r -10 = 0
 r = 3or r =10
n!
It is known that, 6 Pr-1 = ,where 0  r  n
(n - r)!
0  r  5
r 3

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(ii) 5 Pr = 6 Pr-1
5! 6!
 =
(5- r)! (6 - r +1)!
5! 6  5!
 =
(5- r)! (7 - r )!
5! 6
 =
(5- r)! (7 - r )(6 - r )(5- r )!
6
 1=
(7 - r)(6 - r)
 (7 - r)(6 - r) = 6
 42 - 6r - 7r + r 2 = 6
 r 2 -13r +36= 0
 r 2 - 4r -9r(r - 4) = 0
 (r - 4)(r -9) = 0
 r - 4 = 0 or r -9 = 0
 r = 4 or r =9
n!
It is known that, 6 Pr-1 = ,where 0  r  n
(n - r)!
0  r  5
r  4

8. How many words, with or without meaning, can be formed using all the
letters of the word EQUATION, using each letter exactly once?
Ans: The number of different letters in the given word is 8.

Thus, the number of words than can be formed without repetition is number of
permutations of 8 different objects taken 8 at a time = 8 P8  8!

Therefore, number of words formed = 8! = 40320.

9. How many words, with or without meaning can be made from the letters of
the word MONDAY, assuming that no letter is repeated if,

(i) 4 letters are used at a time

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(ii) all letters are used at a time
(iii) all letters are used but first letter is a vowel.

Ans: Number of different letters in the given word = 6

(i) Number of 4-letter words that can be formed from the letters of the given word
without repetition is permutations of 6 different objects taken 4 at a time.

Therefore, Number of 4 letter words that can be formed

6! 6! 6×5×4×3×2!
= 6 P4 = = = =6×5×4×3= 360
(6- 4) 2! 2!

(ii) Words that can be formed using all the letters of the given word is permutation
of 6 different objects taken 6 at a time
6
P6  6!

Therefore, number of words that can be formed is

 6! 6  5  4  3  2 1 720

(iii) There are two different vowels in the word MONDAY which occupies the
rightmost place of the words formed. Hence, there are 2 ways.

Since, it is without repetition and the rightmost place is occupied, the remaining
five vacant places can be filled by 5 different letters. Hence, 5! Ways.

Therefore, number of words that can be formed = 5! 2 120 2  240

10. In how many of the distinct permutations of the letters in MISSISSIPPI do

the four I’s not come together?
Ans: I appears 4 times, S appears 4 times, P appears 2 times and M appears one
time in the given word

Thus, number of permutations of the given word

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 11!

4!4!2!
1110  9  8  7  6  5  4!

4! 4  3  2 1 2 1
1110  9  8  7  6  5

4  3  2  1 2  1

Since, there are 4 I’s in the given word, they can be treated as a single object. This
single object with the remaining 7 objects will together be 8 objects.
8!
These 8 objects in which 4 S’s and 2 P’s is arranged in = 840 ways
4!2!

Thus, number of ways where I’s occur together = 840

Therefore, number of permutations where I’s do not occur together is
=34650 – 840 = 33810

11. In how many ways can the letters of the word PERMUTATIONS can be
arranged if the
(i) Words start with P and end with S.

(ii) Vowels are all together.

(iii) There are always 4 letters between P and S?

Ans: There are 2 T’s and other letters are repeated only once in the word
PERMUTATION..

(i) Here, P and S are fixed at extreme ends (P at left and S at right end).

Hence, 10 letters are left.

Therefore, required number of permutations

10!
1814400
2!

(ii) Since, all the 5 vowels appear only once and they should always occur
together, they can be treated as a single object.

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This single object with the remaining 7 objects will be 8 objects.
Thus, 8 objects in which 2 T’s can be arranged together is
8!
ways
2!

Also, the five different vowels can be arranged in 5! ways.

Thus, by multiplication principle, the number of arrangements

8!
  5! 2419200
2!

(iii) The letters can be arranged in such a way that there are 4 letters between P and
S.

Thus, letters P and S are fixed. The remaining 10 letters in which 2 T’s is arranged
in
10!
ways.
2!

Also, there are 4 letters between P and S = 2  7 14 ways

10!
Thus, by multiplication principle, the number of arrangements = 14  25401600
2!

Exercise 7.3

1. If n C8 = n C2 , find n C2 .

Ans: We know that, if n Ca = n Cb  a = b or m = a + b

Thus,
n
C8 = n C2  n =8 + 2 =10
10! 10! 10  9  8!
n C2 = 10C2 =    45
(10  2)!2! 2!8! 2 1 8!

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2. Determine n if
(i) 2n
C 3 : nC 3 12:1

(ii) 2n
C 3 : nC 3 11:1

Ans.
2n
C3 12
(i) =
n
C3 1
(2n)! 3!(n-3)! 12
 × =
(2n -3)!3! n! 1
(2n)(2n -1)(2n - 2)(2n -3)! (n -3)!
 × =12
(2n -3)! n(n -1)(n - 2)(n -3)!
2(2n -1)(2n - 2)
 =12
(n -1)(n - 2)
4(2n -1)(n -1)
 =12
(n -1)(n - 2)
(2n -1)
 =3
(n - 2)
 2n -1= 3(n - 2)
 2n -1= 3n - 6
 3n - 2n = -1 +6
 n =5

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 2n
C3 11
(ii) =
n
C3 1
(2n)! 3!(n -3)!
 × =11
3!(2n -3)! n!
(2n)(2n -1)(2n - 2)(2n -3)! (n -3)!
 ×
(2n -3)! n(n -1)(n - 2)(n -3)!
2(2n -1)(2n - 2)
 =1
(n -1)  n - 2 
4(2n -1)
 =11
(n - 2)
 4(2n -1) =11(n - 2)
 8n - 4 =11n - 22
 11n -8n = 22 - 4
 3n =18
 n=6

3. How many chords can be drawn through 21 points on a circle?

Ans: To draw one chord, 2 points are needed.
The number of combinations should be counted to find the number of chords to be
drawn through the 21 points on the circle.

Thus, there are combinations of 21 points taken 2 at a time.

Therefore, number of chords is

21! 21! 21×20
21 C2 = = = = 210
2!(21- 2)! 2!19! 2

4. In how many ways can a team of 3 boys and 3 girls be selected from 5 boys
and 4 girls.
Ans: Given: 3 boys and 3 girls are to be selected from 5 boys and 4 girls.

Out of 5 boys, 3 boys can be selected in 5 C3 ways.

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Out of 4 girls, 3 girls can be selected in 4 C3 ways.

Thus, by multiplication principle, number of ways of selecting a team is

5! 4!
 5 C3  4 C 3 = 
3!2! 3!1!
5  4  3! 4  3!
 
3! 2 3!
10  4  40

5. Find the number of ways of selecting 9 balls from 6 red balls, 5 white balls
and 5 blue balls if each selection consists of 3 balls each colour.
Ans: Given: Total number of balls: 6 red balls, 5 white balls and 5 blue balls.
3 balls of each colour should be selected making a total of 9 balls.

Therefore,

Out of 6 red balls, 3 balls can be selected in 6 C3 ways

Out of 5 white balls, 3 balls can be selected in 5 C3 ways

Out of 5 blue balls, 3 balls can be selected in 5 C3 ways

Therefore, by multiplication principle, number of ways of selecting 9 balls is
6! 5! 5!
= 6 C3 × 5 C 3 × 5 C 3 =
× ×
3!3! 3!2! 3!2!
6×5×4×3! 5×4×3! 5×4×3!
= × ×
3!×3×2×1 3!×2×1 3!×2×1
= 20×10×10 = 2000

6. Determine the number of 5 card combinations out of a deck of 52 cards if

there is exactly one ace in each combination.
Ans: There are 4 aces in a deck of 52 cards. A combination of 5 cards with one ace
has to be made.

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One ace is selected in 4 C1 ways and the remaining 4 cards is selected from the 48
cards in 48 C4 ways.
Therefore, by multiplication principle, Number of combinations is

48 48! 4!
C4 × 4 C 1 =
×
4!44! 1!3!
48×47×46×45
== ×4!
4!×3×2×1
= 778320

7. In how many ways can one select a cricket team of 11 from 17 players in
which 5 players can bowl if each cricket team of 11 must include exactly 4
bowlers?
Ans: Given: There are 5 bowlers out of 17 players.

A cricket team of 11 is selected with exactly 4 bowlers.

Thus, 4 bowlers can be selected in 5 C4 ways and out of remaining 12 players, 7

players are selected in 12 C7 ways.
Therefore, by multiplication principle, number of ways of selecting a team is

5 5! 12!
C4 × 12C7 =×
1!4! 5!7!
=
12×11×10×9×8
=5× = 3960
5×4×3×2×1

8. A bag contains 5 black and 6 red balls. Determine the number of ways in
which 2 black and 3 red balls can be selected.
Ans: Given: There are 5 black and 6 red balls.

Out of 5 black balls, 2 back balls can be selected in 5 C2 ways and out of 6 red balls,
3 balls can be selected in 6 C3 ways.

Therefore, by multiplication principle, number of ways

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 5! 6! 5×4! 6×5×4
= 5 C2 × 6C3 = × = × =10×20 = 200
2!3! 3!3! 2 3×2×1

9. In how many ways can a student choose programme of 5 courses if 9

courses are available and 2 specific courses are compulsory for every student?
Ans: Given: Out of 9 courses, 2 courses are compulsory.

Thus, out of remaining 7 courses, every student has to choose 3 courses. This can
be chosen in 7 C3 ways.

Therefore, number of ways of choosing the programme is

7! 7×6×5×4!
= 7 C3 = = = 35
3!4! 3×2×1×4!

Miscellaneous Exercise

1. How many words, with or without meaning, each of 2 vowels and 3

consonants can be formed from the letters of the word DAUGHTER?
Ans: There are 3 vowels i.e. A, U and E and 5 consonants i.e. D, G, H, T and R in
the given word.

Therefore, number of ways of selecting 2 vowels out of 3 = 3 C2 = 3

Number of ways of selecting 3 consonants out of 5 = 5 C3=10

Thus, by multiplication principle, number of combinations = 310  30

Each of these combinations can be arranged in 5! ways.

Hence, number of different words = 30  5! 3600

2. How many words, with or without meaning, can be formed using all the
letters of the word EQUATION at a time so that vowels and consonants occur
together?

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Ans: There are 5 vowels i.e. A, E, I, O and U and 3 consonants i.e. Q, T and N.
Since, vowels and consonants occur together, both (AEIOU) and (QTN) can be
considered as single objects.

Thus, there are 5! Permutations of 5 vowels taken all at a time and 3! permutations
of 3 consonants taken all at a time.

Therefore, by multiplication principle, the number of words = 2! 5! 3!1440 .

3. A committee of 7 has to be formed from 9 boys and 4 girls. In how many

ways can this be done when the committee consists of :
(i) exactly 3 girls? (ii) at least 3 girls? (iii) at most 3 girls?

Ans:
(i) Out of 9 boys and 4 girls, a committee of 7 has to be formed.

Given: exactly 3 girls should be there in a committee, hence, number of boys = (7 -

3) = 4 boys only.
Therefore, number of ways
4! 9!
= 4 C3 × 9 C4 =
×
1!3! 4!5!
9×8×7×6×5!
=4×
4×3×2×5!
=504

(ii) Given: at least 3 girls are required in each committee. This can be done in 2
ways

(a) 3 girls and 4 boys or (b) 4 girls and 3 boys

3 girls and 4 boys can be selected in 4 C3 × 9C4 ways.

4 girls and 3 boys an be selected in 4 C4× 9C3 ways.

Thus, number of ways

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4 C3 × 9C4  4C4× 9C3
 504  84  588

(iii) Given: at most 3 girls in every committee. This can be done in 4 ways
(a) 3 girls and 4 boys (b) 2 girls and 5 boys.

(c) 1 girl and 6 boys (d) No girl and 7 boys

3 girls and 4 boys can be selected in 4 C3 ×9C4 ways

2 girls and 5 boys can be selected in 4 C2 ×9C5 ways

1 girl and 6 boys can be selected in 4 C1×9C6 ways

No girl and 7 boys can be selected in 4 C0 ×9C7 ways.

Thus, number of ways

 4 C3 ×9 C4 + 4C2 ×9C5  4C1×9C6  4C0 ×9C7

4! 9! 4! 9! 4! 9! 4! 9!
       
3!1! 5!4! 2!2! 5!4! 3!1! 6!3! 4!0! 7!2!
 504  756  336  36
 1632

4. If the different permutations of all the letter of the word EXAMINATION

are listed as in a dictionary, how many words are there in the list before the
first word starting with E?
Ans: There are a total of 11 letters out of which A, I and N appears 2 times and
other letters appear only once.

The words starting with A will be the words listed before the words starting with
E.

Thus, words starting with letter A will have letter A fixed at its extreme left end.

And remaining 10 letters are rearranged all at a time.

In the remaining 10 letters, there are 2 I’s and 2 N’s.

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 10!
Number of words starting with A =  907200
2!2!

Therefore, required number of words is 907200.

5. How many 6-digit numbers can be formed from the digits 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9
which are divisible by 10 and no digit is repeated?
Ans: A number can be divisible by 10 only if its units digit is 0.

Hence, 0 is fixed at units place.

Therefore, the 5 vacant places can be filled by remaining 5 digits.
These 5 empty places can be filled in 5! ways.
Therefore, number of 6-digit numbers = 5! = 120.

6. The English alphabet has 5 vowels and 21 consonants. How many words
with two different vowels and 2 different consonants can be formed from the
alphabet?
Ans: Given: 2 vowels and 2 consonants should be selected from the English
alphabet.

We know that, there are 5 vowels.

5!
Thus, number of ways of selecting 2 vowels out of 5 = 5 C2 = =10
3!2!

Also we know that, there are 21 consonants.

21!
Thus, number of ways of selecting 2 consonants out of 21 = 21 C2 = = 210
19!2!

Thus, total number of combinations of selecting 2 vowels and 2 consonants is

= 10  210  2100 .

Every 2100 combination consists of 4 letters, which can be arranged in 4! ways.

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Therefore, number of words = 2100  4! 50400

7. In an examination, a Q paper consists of 12 Qs divided into 2 parts i.e., Part

I and Part II, containing 5 and 7 Qs, respectively. A student is required to
attempt 8 Qs in all, selecting at least 3 from each part. In how many ways can
a student select the Qs?
Ans: Given: 12 Qs are divided into 2 parts – Part I and Part II consisting of 5 and 7
Qs respectively. A student must attempt 8 Qs with atleast 3 from each part. This
can be done as:

(a) 3 Qs from part I and 5 Qs from part II.

(b) 4 Qs from part I and 4 Qs from part II.

(c) 5 Qs from part I and 3 Qs from part II.

The first case can be selected in 5 C3 × 7C5 ways.

The second case can be selected in 5 C4 × 7 C4 ways.

The third case can be selected in 5 C5 × 7 C3 ways.

Thus, number of ways of selecting Qs

5
C3 × 7 C 5 + 5 C 4 × 7 C 4 + 5 C 5 × 7 C 3
5! 7! 5! 7! 5! 7!
=     
3!2! 2!5! 1!4! 4!3! 5!0! 3!4!
 210  175  35  420

8. Determine the number of 5-card combinations out of a deck of 52 cards if

each selection of 5 cards has exactly one king.
Ans. Out of 52 cards, 5-card combinations have to be made in such a way that in
each selection of 5 cards, there is exactly one king. We know that in 52 cards, there
are 4 kings.

Out of 4 kings, 1 king can be selected in 4 C1 ways.

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Out of the remaining 48 cards, 4 cards can be selected in 48 C4 ways.

Therefore, number of 5-card combinations = 4 C1 48C4 ways.

9. It is required to seat 5 men and 4 women in a row so that the women can
occupy the even places.

How many such arrangements are possible?

Ans: Given: 5 men and 4 women should be seated so that women always occupy
the even places.
Thus, the men can be seated in 5! ways.

For each arrangement the women can be seated only in even places.
Thus, the women can be seated in 4! ways.

Therefore, possible number of arrangements = 4! 5! 24 120  2880

10. From the class of 25 students, 10 are to be chosen for an excursion party.
There are 3 students who decide that either all of them will join or none of
them will join. In how many ways can the excursion party be chosen?
Ans: Given: 10 are chosen for an excursion party out of 25 students.

There are 2 cases since 3 students decide either all or one of them will join.
Case 1: All the 3 students join.

The remaining 7 students can be chosen out of 22 students in 22 C7 ways.

Case 2: None of the 3 students join.

Thus, 10 students can be chosen in 22 C10 ways.

Hence, number of ways of choosing excursion party = 22 C7 + 22C10

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11. In how many words can the letters of the word ASSASSINATION be
arranged so that all the S’s are together?
Ans: There are 3 A’s, 4 S’s, 2 I’s and all other letters appear only once in the word
ASSASSINATION.

The given word should be arranged such that all the S’s are together.
The 4 S’s can be treated as a single object for time being. This ingle object with the
remaining objects will be 10 objects together.
10!
These 10 objects with 3 A’s, 2 I’s and 2 N’s can be arranged in ways.
2!3!2!

10!
Therefore, number of ways of arranging the given word = 15120 .
2!3!2!

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