CONTENTS

Page No.
INTRODUCTION aoeenee
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************* 9 24

SECTION-A

EXPERIMENTS..***************. esesssssssssesossssseseessnseensssneessseee**osessossenooseeoneeenee*****oes*******eaaee***** 25 74}

1. To determine resistivity of material of two/three wires by plotting a graph for potential

difference versus current. . ******e**** "******""* ******** 25 3 1

Resetmee s a wYe 3 SAd
ZTo find resistance of a given wire/standard resistor using metYe bridge.. .V **
3. To verify the laws of combination (series) of resistances using a metre bridge...
****************°°° 38 40

XTo verify the laws of combination (parallel) of resistances using a metre bridge... "**** 40 4 4

5. o compare the emf of two given primary cells using a potentiometer..***************°*°***°"**** 45 4 9

T o determine the internal resistance of given primary cell using potentiometer. 50 5 4

T o determine the resistance of a galvanometer by half-deflection method and to find its figure
of merit. *************************************.* ******.***s****.*s************.***.******.*******.***** * ** 55 5 9
8 To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) intaa
voltmeter of desired range (say 0 to to 3 V) and to verify the same. ******°****° *
60-622
AD convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into an
ammeter of desired range (say 0 to 30 mA) and to verify the same... ********************°°*°° **
62 - 67

1To find the frequency of the ac mains with a sonometer.. 68-74

************°****°************.**** ***.

ACTIVITIES. *****e°°*°*°eo***°*e*****eee***°ee*°*°°o.
eee**e**.
75 - 96

1. To measure the resistance and impedance of an inducto with or without iron core. *.***** 75 7 9
T o measure resistance, voltage fac/de, current ac) and check continuity of a given circuit
using multimeter... ********** *************************************°**°*********** ***** .*** ... 80 - 84

T o assemble a Household circuit comprising three bulbs, three (on/off) switches, a fuse and
a power source..
85 8 7
4. To assemble the components of a given electrical circuit..
8 8 - 89

T o study the variation in potential drop with length of a wire for a steady current.
****** 90 9 2

.To draw the diagram of a given open circuit comprising at least a battery, resistor/rheostat,
key, ammeter and voltmeter. Mark the components thatt are not connected in proper order

and correct the circuit and also the circuit diagram...

9 3 -96

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 SECTION-B

EXPERIMENTS.. *****e************ 97 153

1. To find the value of v for different values of u in case of a concave mirror and to find the
focal length. ***.
97 102
*****************"********** *** e************. ********

T o find the focal length of a convex mirror, using a convex lens.. 103 106
**" ***
. -

T o find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between u and v or between
1/u and 1/v. *********************"*****"*** *** "********* ****** ** *************** .. 107 112
T o find the focal length of a concave lens, using a convex lens..****°*********°°****°*°°*********°** 113 117

o determine angle of minimum deviation for a given prism by plotting a graph between
the angle of incidence and angle of deviation.. e*****.******e**********e*****.*****e************ * * . * * .. 118 1 2 2

T o determine réfractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope..

******************°°° 123 - 127

7. To find refractive index of a liquid by using convex lens and plane mirror..
********************°*°°
... 128 - 135

T o draw the I-V characteristic curve of ap-n junction in forward bias and reverse bias. 136 - 141

T o draw the characteristic curve of a Zener diode and to determine its reverse breakdown
voltage... .. 142 146

ACTIVITIES .ss.oseenesseeeeeseasceo esssesensesssssosess. 147

-

176
****

o identify a diode, an LED, a resistor and a capacitor from a mixed collection of

such items... 147 148
2. Use of multimeter to (i) see the unidirectional flow of current in case of a diode and an LED,
(ii) check whether a given electronic component (e.g., diode) is in working order.. .. 149 - 150

3. To study effect of intensity of light (by varying distance of the source) on an LDR. ... 151 - 153

ATo observe refraction and lateral deviation of a beam of light incident obliquely ona
glass slab,. .. eesenene**** *********** *******°******°°***°* e******************* 154 158

T o observe polarization of light using two polaroids.. ****°*°*° ***°*°**°***°******°*********°*°*°*°*°°*°**°°°*°°°°°° 159 1662
6. To observe diffraction of light due to a thin slit..********°***°**°°°°°*****°*******°***********°*****°.°°*°°°****°** 163 165
t o study the nature and size of the image formed by a () convex lens, (i) concave mirror,
on a screen by using a candle and a screen (for different distances of the candle from the
. . 166 - 173
lens/mirror).. *°°°°****°°****°°******"****************°' *******°****°****°*****************°

8. To obtain a lens combination with the specified focal length by using two lenses from the
given set of lenses.... . ******.*** **********************".*************"*************e*** **. 174 176

SUGGESTED LIST OF INVESTIGATORY PROJECTS FROM CBSE

INVESTIGATORY PROJECTS. 177 218

1. To study various factors on which the internal resistance/emf of a cell depends. 177 1 8 0

(7)
 circuit containing
an LlDR, because
of a
flowing in a
0 study the variations in current
variation in
all the
illuminate' the LDR (keeping
lamps used to
t h e power
of the incandescent

lamps at a fixed distance).

illuminate
used to
( ) the distance of an incandescent lamp (of fixed power)
*******''''** '********. 181 184
the LDR..
an
plane mirror,
(ii) oil (transparent) using
a
1 0 find the refractive indices of (i) water
refractive index) and an adjustable object
cqul-convex len (made from a glass of known
***********************.
185 188
needle. ..
truth table. 189 195
given
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

appropriate logic gate combination for

. . .

a
o design an

5. To investigate the relation between the ratio of

() output and input voltage and,

u) number of turns in the secondary coil and primary coil of a self designed

transformer. **********************************°********************°°****°***°** *** * * * * * * * * * ° * * *

196 201

6. To investigate the dependence of the angle of deviation on the angle of incidence, using
a hollow prism filled one by one with different transparent fluids. . * * * * * * . * * *
* * * * * * ° . * * .. 202 205

7. To estimate the charge induced on each one of the two identical styrofoam (or pith) balls
.. 206 - 208
suspended in a vertical plane by making use of Coulomb's law. *******

8. To study the factors on which the self inductance of a coil depends by observing the effect
of this coil, when put in series with a resistor/(bulb) in a circuit fed up by an ac source of

adjustable frequency. ************************************************************************************************************ 209 213

9. To study the earth's magnetic field using a tangent galvanometer. *****************°°***°°*********** .. 214 218

TABLES OF CONSTANTS ee*** 219 222

LOG TABLES ****e*°***e******°*°**eoee***e*e***°o***°*°e***°e***°*e****e***** 223 232

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