Forda script sa HBSE 2

Social Learning Theory

 Social learning theory is the study of learned behaviors through the observation,
modeling, and imitating of new behaviors that are reinforced by other people, or
“models.” As a result, new behaviors either continue or cease depending on how
they are reinforced or rewarded in the social environment.

 This theory was developed by psychologist Albert Bandura, who conducted his
now-famous Bobo doll experiment in 1961. The experiment tested Bandura’s
theory about observational learning and modeling and what would soon become
solidified as the social learning theory.

- Pinaniniwalaan ni Albert Bandura na people learns behavior sa pamamagitan ng

observation ng tao sa iba, then ginagaya o iniimpersonate ng tao kung ano ang
kanilang naobserba.

3 Central Concepts
 Individuals have the ability to learn through observation

 Mental states are a fundamental part of this learning process

 When something is learned, a change in behavior does not always follow

Theoretical Assumptions
The two major assumptions of the social learning theory include
the theories of Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning.
 Classical conditioning (or Pavlovian conditioning)- is the theory that people learn
by association, through the simple pattern of stimulus and response.
- is a mental manipulation to reprogram natural body functions. It is a way of
learning where a stimulus that triggers a biological response is paired with a new
stimulus that then results in the same reaction. Example: For example, whenever
you come home wearing a basketball, you take your child to the park to play. So,
whenever your child sees you come home with a baseball cap, he is excited
because he has associated your baseball cap with a trip to the park. This
learning by association is classical conditioning.
  Operant conditioning- adds another layer of complexity to this, resulting in the
theory that people learn through the association of certain behaviors with
punishments or rewards.
- is based on the idea that we can increase or decrease a certain behavior by
adding a consequence. For example: if a dog pupu on the carpet, it’s either you
reward the dog or punish the dog for pupuing in the carpet, it can always be
positive or negative.
4 Principles of Social Learning Theory
The principles consist of the following:
 Attention - The environment surrounding the observed event and the attention
level of the subject.
- The degree to which we notice the behavior. A behavior must grab our attention
before it can be imitated. Considering the number of behaviors we observe and
do not imitate daily indicates attention is crucial in whether a behavior influences
imitation.
 Retention - The capacity of the subject to remember or retain the observed
event and behavior.
- How well we remember the behavior. We cannot perform the behavior if we do
not remember the behavior. So, while a behavior may be noticed, unless a
memory is formed, the observer will not perform the behavior. And, because
social learning is not immediate, retention is vital to behavior modeling.
 Reproduction - The ability (cognitive and/or physical) of the observer to imitate
the behavior.
- The ability to perform the behavior. This is the ability to reproduce a behavior we
observe. It influences our decision about whether to try performing the behavior.
Even when we wish to imitate an observed behavior, we are limited by our
physical abilities.
 Motivation - The extent to which the observer wants to practice the new
behavior.
- The will to emulate the behavior. This mediational process is referred to as
vicarious reinforcement. It involves learning through observing the consequences
of actions for other people, rather than through direct experience.

ISSUES ADDRESSED BY SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY

AGGRESSION AND VIOLENCE
 As demonstrated in the original Bobo doll experiment, aggression is a major
application of the social learning theory. Children tend to learn to exhibit
aggressive behavior because they observe others—particularly adults—
exhibiting it and see how it is modeled and reinforced over time. The theory is
 often considered when addressing the behavior of children growing up in violent
environments.
- one of the major factors where social learning theory is applied, particularly
children reared in violent environments such as countries with civil unrest, slum
areas, or even in normal homes where the adults exhibit violence or
aggresiveness. Children, by nature, are gentle and innocent creatures. Signs of
violence or aggression are almost 100% qn indicator of learning that behaviour
from adults.
CRIME AND CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR
 Criminal behavior is also theorized to be a learned behavior. Factors like societal
attitudes, potential rewards and punishments, and the degree to which a subject
is exposed to pro- or anti-crime ideologies can all influence the likelihood of a
subject to engage in criminal behavior, according to the theory. Social workers
might examine the frequency, duration, priority, and intensity of pro-criminal
messages from friends and family in their application of the theory.
- again, criminal behaviour is related to learned behaviour. Big influences for an
individual to engange in crime/ criminal behaviour are the type of society involved
in, the lure of rewards and gratification for committing crime, and whether one's
exposure is to pro or anti crime ideologies.
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
 The development of personal characteristics in children, and even skills in
categories like academics, sports, and the arts is thought to stem from social
learning experiences. They can come from observed behaviors or personality
traits in children’s families, among their peers, gender groups, or greater societal
culture.
- how a child becomes growing up or how one's skills are developed is also gained
from social learning experiences. Growing up in a certain type of society with
specific norms and outlook will generally predict a child's inclinations. Say, you
are reared in a family of musicians, or doctors or artists. That would influence
your future contributions in society, be it in arts, medicine, entertainment etc. It is
not stressed more than enough that the child's early environment be carefully
adapted so as to secure a bright future for him/her..
ADDICTION AND ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOR
 Addiction is another topic commonly addressed by the social learning theory.
The observance of addictive behavior—and the later acquisition, demonstration,
or rejection of it—is often examined by addressing questions of familial modeling
or peer influences. This is another context in which the associated rewards or
punishments tend to play a major role, and a variety of internal and
environmental factors must be taken into account in its application.
 - in addiction and addictive behaviour, tje assoocaited rewards and punishment or
gratification comes into play. However, internal factors are observed as well
aside form environmental influences. Hence, the study Would be more effective
by including carefully assessed questions relevant to familial or domestic
situations (neglected child) or peer influences.
SOCIAL ANXIETY IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
 Anxiety is yet another behavior addressed by the theory. Factors like parenting
style and exhibited anxious behaviors in parents can lead to the presence of
anxiety in their children, whether it is a situational response or the ongoing
development of childhood anxiety.
SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR
 Social learning theory can apply to the topic of suicide as well. Exposure to
suicidal behavior is a factor that may increase risk of adolescent suicidal
behavior. It is theorized that this exposure can be direct or indirect, in-person or
online, or even through forms of media.
- childhood stigma brought about by environmental factors (lack of parental
guidance, exposure to suicidal materials or literature) are considered to be
precursors of this behaviour. Exposure to a similar acting adult orebwr of the
family or community can trigger development of such behaviour. Whether it be a
direct experience, thru friends, but most rampant nowadays is thru social media
influences where suicidal behaviour is romanticized and spread is not controlled
or censored.