5G RAN2.

1 SA Architecture Introduction

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

 Revision Record

Date Version Change Description Author

Yu Guohua (employee
2018-10-25 1.0 Draft
ID: 00301742)
Updated based on the review comments from the Yu Guohua (employee
2018-12-5 1.1
GTAC. ID: 00301742)

Page 2
HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
Contents

1 System Architecture

2 SA Signaling Process

3 SA Networking and Evolution

4 SA Deployment

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
5G Networking Options

SA/NSA Definition (38.801)

Non-standalone NR: A deployment configuration where the gNB requires an LTE eNB as anchor for control plane connectivity to EPC, or an eLTE
eNB as anchor for control plane connectivity to NGC.
Non-standalone E-UTRA: A deployment configuration where the eLTE eNB requires a gNB as anchor for control plane connectivity to NGC.

Non-standalone NR: LTE/eLTE as control plane anchor Standalone NR: NR as control plane anchor

Option 3 Option 3a Option 3x Option 4 Option 4a

EPC EPC EPC NGC NGC

S1-C S1-U S1-C S1-U S1-U S1-C S1-U S1-U NG-C NG-U NG-U NG-C NG-U

LTE NR LTE NR LTE NR eLTE NR eLTE NR

Option 7 Option 7a Option 7x Option 2

NGC NGC NGC NGC
NG-C NG-U NG-C NG-U NG-U NG-C NG-U NG-U NG-C NG-U

eLTE NR eLTE NR eLTE NR NR

Signaling anchor Data split point

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR 4
SA (Standalone)

 5G SA networking will use the standard 5G RAN and Next

NGC Generation Core (NGC) to provide all 5G services such as eMBB,
AMF/UPF AMF/UPF URLLC, mMTC, and eV2X.

 Based on the 3GPP Release 15 protocols, the SA architecture is

supported by the service-oriented core (SOC).
 New interfaces: Uu/NG/Xn
NG-RAN  New QoS architecture: QoS-flow-based QoS architecture (SDAP layer and
gNB gNB
Reflective QoS)
 New RRC state management: RRC_INACTIVE
 Mobility, VoIP, and CA/DC mechanisms for SA only
gNB  gNodeB relationships in NSA architecture and SA architecture
(From 38.300)  E2E slice architecture

A new coverage network (new RAN and new core network) supports differentiated services of 5G.

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
New Interfaces (Uu Interface Channel Model) Downlink Physical Channel and
Signal
Function

SS Synchronization signal Time-frequency synchronization, and cell search

RRCRecfg/ Physical broadcast

RRCSetupReq/ PBCH Carries system broadcast messages.
RRCResume channel
MIB RRCResumeReq
Physical downlink control Transmits control signaling such as uplink and
PDCCH
RRCSetup/ RRCRecfgCmp/ channel downlink scheduling and power control.

Paging SIB1/SI RRCReject MeasReport Physical downlink shared

PDSCH Carries downlink user data.
channel

Logical Demodulation reference Downlink data demodulation, and time-frequency

DMRS
Channels signal synchronization
PCCH BCCH CCCH DCCH DTCH Phase tracking reference
PT-RS Downlink phase noise tracking and compensation
signal
Channel state Downlink channel measurement, beam
CSI-RS information-reference management, RRM/RLM measurement, and
signal refined time-frequency tracing等
Transport
Channels
Uplink Physical Channel and Signal Function
PCH BCH DL-SCH UL-SCH RACH
Physical random access
PRACH User random access request information
channel
L1/L2 control signaling, such as HARQ
Physical uplink control
PUCCH feedback, CQI feedback, and scheduling
channel
request indication

DMRS DMRS DMRS Physical uplink shared

DMRS PUSCH
channel
Carries uplink user data.
Physical PT-RS PT-RS
Channels Demodulation reference Uplink data demodulation, and time-frequency
PDCCH PDSCH PUSCH PUCCH DMRS
PSS SSS CSI-RS PBCH SRS PRACH signal synchronization

Phase tracking reference

PT-RS Uplink phase noise tracking and compensation
signal
Uplink channel measurement, time-frequency
SRS Sounding reference signal
synchronization, and beam management
Msg1 Msg2

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
New Interfaces (Uu Interface Protocol Stack and Function Description)
Uu-C Interface Scenario
TS 38.300/38.331
Network search &
System information broadcast: AS and NAS information
UE gNB AMF camping
NAS NAS
UE calling Paging initiated by the core network or gNodeB
RRC RRC
Signaling plane
RRC connection setup, management, and release
PDCP PDCP setup

RLC RLC Authentication and NAS transparent transmission: identity authentication between
interaction UEs and the CN, security, and others
MAC MAC Uu-C
User plane setup SRB and DRB setup, configuration, and release
PHY PHY

Mobility management
Anytime and
UE measurement control and report
Uu-U anywhere (wireless)
TS 38.323/38.322/38.321, 37.324 Radio link detection and recovery
UE gNB
Air interface security Security mechanism
SDAP SDAP
QoS flow control (SDAP layer)
PDCP PDCP
Header compression, sorting, integrity protection, and encryption
RLC RLC protection (PDCP layer)
Uu-U Data transmission
MAC MAC Segmentation and retransmission (RLC layer)
PHY PHY
Scheduling, multiplexing, and HARQ retransmission (MAC layer)

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
New Interfaces (NG Interface Protocol Stack and Function Description)

Interface Scenario Description

NG-C NG-U Interface setup NG interface management: setup/deletion/fault
TS 38.410/38.413 TS 38.414/38.300 Interface Configuration change NG interface configuration update: SON Info (Xn
address information)
User Plane UE calling Paging
NG-AP
PDUs
Signaling plane setup UE context management
Authentication and interaction NAS transparent transmission: identity
NG-C authentication between UEs and the CN, security,
GTP-U
and others
SCTP UDP User plane setup PDU session management (QoS and TNL address)
Paging
IP Anytime and anywhere (wireless) Mobility management
IP
Tracing Tracing
Data Link Layer Data Link Layer
CN Pool NAS Node Selection
Physical Layer Physical Layer … …
NG-U Data transmission PDU packet sending (GTPU)

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
New Interfaces (Xn Interface Protocol Stack and Function Description)
Protocol Stack Function Description Procedure Definition: 4G-alike X2 Interface Procedures
Table 8.1-1: Class 1 Elementary Procedures
Elementary Procedure Initiating Message Successful Outcome Unsuccessful Outcome
Xn-AP Response message Response message
 Control plane interface between Handover Preparation HANDOVER REQUEST HANDOVER REQUEST HANDOVER PREPARATION FAILURE
gNodeBs ACKNOWLEDGE
Retrieve UE Context RETRIEVE UE CONTEXT RETRIEVE UE CONTEXT
 Provide the following functions: REQUEST RESPONSE
RETRIEVE UE CONTEXT FAILURE

SCTP • Xn interface management S-NG-RAN node Addition S-NODE ADDITION REQUEST S-NODE ADDITION REQUEST S-NODE ADDITION REQUEST REJECT
• UE mobility management Preparation
M-NG-RAN node initiated S-NG- S-NODE MODIFICATION
ACKNOWLEDGE
S-NODE MODIFICATION S-NODE MODIFICATION REQUEST
IP
• Dual connectivity RAN node Modification REQUEST REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE REJECT
Preparation
Data Link Layer  Xn interface description: TS S-NG-RAN node initiated S-NG- S-NODE MODIFICATION S-NODE MODIFICATION S-NODE MODIFICATION REFUSE
Physical Layer
38.420 RAN node Modification REQUIRED CONFIRM
M-NG-RAN node initiated S-NG- S-NODE RELEASE REQUEST S-NODE RELEASE REQUEST
 Xn interface control-plane RAN node Release ACKNOWLEDGE
S-NODE RELEASE REJECT

Xn-C Protocol Stack protocol: TS 38.423 S-NG-RAN node initiated S-NG- S-NODE RELEASE REQUIRED S-NODE RELEASE CONFIRM
RAN node Release
Xn Setup XN SETUP REQUEST XN SETUP RESPONSE XN SETUP FAILURE
NG-RAN node Configuration NG-RAN NODE NG-RAN NODE NG-RAN NODE CONFIGURATION UPDATE
Update CONFIGURATION UPDATE CONFIGURATION UPDATE FAILURE
User Plane PDUs
 User plane interface between ACKNOWLEDGE
Cell Activation CELL ACTIVATION REQUEST CELL ACTIVATION RESPONSE CELL ACTIVATION FAILURE
gNodeBs Table 8.1-2: Class 2 Elementary Procedures
 Provide the following functions:
Elementary Procedure Initiating Message
• Data transmission Handover Cancel HANDOVER CANCEL
GTP-U • Traffic control SN Status Transfer SN STATUS TRANSFER
RAN Paging RAN PAGING
UDP  Xn interface user-plane protocol: Data Forw arding Address Indication DATA FORWARDING ADDRESS INDICATION
TS 38.425
IP S-NG-RAN node Reconfiguration Completion S-NODE RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE

Data Link Layer S-NG-RAN node Counter Check S-NODE COUNTER CHECK REQUEST

Physical Layer UE Context Release UE CONTEXT RELEASE

RRC Transfer RRC TRANSFER
Xn-U Protocol Stack

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
New QoS Architecture
4G QoS Architecture 5G QoS Architecture (38.804)
NG-RAN NG-CN Internet
E-UTRAN EPC Internet
UE NR Node NG-UP Peer

UE eNB S-GW P-GW Peer

Entity E2E Service

E2E Service
End-to-end Service

EPS Bearer External Bearer

E-RAB S5/S8 Bearer

PDU Session TBD

Radio Bearer S1 Bearer

Radio Bearer NG3 Tunnel TBD
QoS Flow

QoS Flow
Radio S1 S5/S8 Gi

More flexible QoS management

Radio Bearer
 PDU Session > DRB > QoS Flow
QoS Flow
 E2E: QoS flows (not EPS bearers)
 NG-U presents PDU sessions/QoS flows (not E-RABs).
 The gNodeB maps QoS flows to DRBs.
 The gNodeB calculates the current UE-AMBR by using the Session AMBR and the
subscribed UE-AMBR instead of the AMF.
 The gNodeB and UPF use the 5QI+ARP for transmission QoS mapping instead of the QCI.

NR vs. LTE: E-RAB  PDU Session/QoS Flow, homogeneous channels  differentiated channels
HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
New RRC State Management

 If a UE in RRC_CONNECTED mode does not

RRC_CONNECTED
transmit data for a period of time, the UE enters
• UE context management the RRC_INACTIVE mode.
NR • Data transmission  If the UE in RRC_INACTIVE mode needs to
RRC CONNECTED • Measurement control and initiate data transmission, the UE transits to
RRC_CONNECTED mode through the RRC
mobility management
FFS/Connection connection resume procedure.
inactivation RRCResume 
RRCRelease If the UE in RRC_INACTIVE mode does not
transmit data for a period of time, the UE enters
NR RRCRelease RRC_IDLE mode.
RRCSetup (suspend)
RRC INACTIVE
Connection RRC_INACTIVE
establishment/release RRC_IDLE
• PLMN selection
FFS • PLMN selection
RRCRelease • System information broadcast
• System information broadcast
• Cell-reselection-based mobility
• Cell-reselection-based mobility
NR • RAN paging
RRC_IDLE • 5GC paging
• UE context management

(From 38.804) (From 38.300)

NR vs. LTE: The introduced RRC_INACTIVE mode features shorter access delay (compared with RRC_IDLE mode) and more power-efficient (compared with RRC_CONNECTED mode).
HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
Contents

1 System Architecture

2 SA Signaling Process

3 SA Networking and Evolution

4 SA Deployment

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
RAN Functions
User Plane Processing
PDU PDU
Transfer of User Data
SDAP SDAP GTP-U GTP-U
Ciphering & deciphering
gNB or ng-eNB AMF SMF PDCP PDCP UDP UDP
Integrity protection
RLC RLC IP IP
MAC Header compression
Inter Cell RRM UE IP address MAC L2 L2
NAS Security …
allocation PHY PHY L1 L1
RB Control
Idle State Mobility
Handling PDU Session
Connection Mobility Cont.
Control gNB(CU/DU) NGC(AMF/SMF/UPF)
Radio Admission Control NG-U
UPF UU
NG-C
Measurement
Configuration & Provision Mobility Anchoring Control Plane Processing
System Information
Dynamic Resource Paging
Allocation (Scheduler) PDU Handling
Conn Setup & Release
internet NAS NAS
Distribution of NAS message
RRC RRC NGAP NGAP
Session Management
PDCP PDCP SCTP SCTP
NG-RAN 5GC Contacting UE in Inactive Mode
RLC RLC IP IP
Handover
MAC MAC L2 L2
(From 38.300) …
PHY PHY L1 L1

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
Signaling Process Overview
UE gNB AMF eNB MME

DN
System Information

Initial Paging
Access

NGC EPC Random access

N26
RRC connection
RRC establishment
NG NG NG
Connection NG-C signaling connection &
Management Initial UE context establishment
Xn

gNB gNB gNB eNB Radio bearer management

Session PDU session setup

Management
PDU Session & UE context release
Initial UU
Access

IntraRAT HO based Xn
IntraRAT HO IntraRAT HO
InterRAT HO Mobility
based Xn based NG IntraRAT HO based NG
Management
UE
InterRAT HO

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
Signaling Process: System Information Broadcast (Introduction)
System Information Introduction System Information Classes
Huawei
Class Subclass Content Sending Mode
Planning
WHY
Initial access information (including the system frame number, subcarrier spacing,
The UE obtains the basic network information through MIB Periodic broadcast 18B
and SSB offset) and RMSI capturing method information.
the system information broadcast process, and
Also called SIB1. It provides mandatory information for UEs to access the network,
therefore camps on the network and initiates a call.
including:
 AS information: includes common channel MSI
 Cell selection information
information, timers required by some UEs, cell RMSI  Cell access information (PLMN, TAC, and Cell ID) Periodic broadcast 19B
selection/reselection information, and neighboring  SI scheduling information (SI period, window size, and SIB mapping)
cell information.  Cell configuration information (band, frequency, bandwidth, and initial BWP channel
 NAS information: includes operator information. configuration)
Cell reselection parameters, including intra-frequency, inter-frequency, and inter-RAT Periodic or on-demand
SIB2 19B
reselection parameters broadcast
WHEN Periodic or on-demand
SIB3 Intra-frequency neighboring cell information 19B
broadcast
 Cell selection (for example, power-on) Periodic or on-demand
SIB4 Inter-frequency neighboring cell information 20A
broadcast
 Cell reselection
Periodic or on-demand
SIB5 Inter-RAT (E-UTRAN) neighboring cell information 19B
 Incoming handover broadcast
OSI
Periodic or on-demand
 Incoming inter-RAT handover SIB6 ETWS notification
broadcast
To be planned

 Return to the coverage area after disconnection SIB7 ETWS supplementary notification
Periodic or on-demand
To be planned
broadcast
 System information update Periodic or on-demand
SIB8 Commercial mobile alert system (CMAS) To be planned
 System information beyond the validity period broadcast
Periodic or on-demand
(three hours) SIB9 GPS timing 20A
broadcast

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
Signaling Process: System Information Broadcast (Signaling)
Signaling Process Message Routing (Channel Mapping)

SIB1/
Send sync signal @gNB
MIB SI
Logical
Power on and search for cells BCCH Channels
@UE
Obtain DL clock sync and cell IDs

MIB carries a
parameter @gNB Transport
Broadcast MIB
instructing the UE
MasterInformationBlock Channels
to capture SIB1. BCH DL-SCH RACH
Receive and parse PBCH
Obtain timing info and SS/PBCH block index @UE
SystemInformationBlock1 Obtain time-frequency info for broadcasting SIB1
SIB1 carries a
parameter indicating DMRS
periodic or on- DMRS Physical
PT-RS
SystemInformation messages demand broadcast PDSCH
for other SI. Broadcast SIB1 @gNB PSS SSS PBCH PDCCH PRACHChannels
(Periodic)

Receive SIB1
Obtain basic access info @UE
SystemInformation Request PSS/SSS:
Obtain OSI sending method info
 Performs downlink synchronization, including clock synchronization, frame
synchronization, and symbol synchronization.
SystemInformation messages  Obtains the cell ID.
(On Request) Broadcast OSI @gNB PBCH:
 Broadcasts the system frame number (SFN), SSB Index, and RMSI time-frequency
domain information.
Receive OSI  The combination of the PBCH, PSS, and SSS is called SSB block. The PSS occupies
Obtain mobility info @UE four consecutive symbols in the time domain and 20 RBs in the frequency domain. The
modulation mode is QPSK.
 The period is 80 ms.

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
Signaling Process: System Information Broadcast (over the Air Interface)
MIB SIB1 OSI

PBCH Period 80 ms 80 ms 160 ms 320 ms 640 ms

10 ms
SIB2 SIB3 SIB4 SIB5 SIB6 SIB7
···

SS Burst Set
(default period 20 ms) SI-1 SI-2 SI-3 SI-4

SS Burst Tx window = 5 ms (10 slot) SI-MSG 1 SI-MSG 2 SI-MSG 3 SI-MSG 4

4Bits(LSB): PDCCH Monitoring occasion for RMSI SIB4 SIB5 SIB6 SIB6
SIB2 SIB3

1st slot 2nd slot

SSB0 SSB1 SSB2 SSB3 SI-window1 SI-window2 SI-window3 SI-window4

PBCH (20RBs)
PSS (12RBs)
SSS (12RBs)

4Bits(MSB): CORESET for RMSI

UE1 UE2 SFN % T = 0 SFN % T = 1

RSRP
UE1 PDCCH Feq PDSCH

UE2 SI-RNTI Slot

SI-Message

BEAM INDEX

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
Signaling Process: Random Access
CBRA CFRA

PDCCH Order or RRCRecfg

1. SIB1 (Assign Dedicated Preamble)
RA preamble resource
1 2 3 ..
2. Acquire PRACH
MSG1(Preamble)
resource configuration UE UE PRACH
#1 #2

3. Transmit PRACH MSG2(RAR)

Preamble with RA-RNTI PDCCH&PDSCH

4. MSG1(Preamble,RA-RNTI)
PRACH
RAR No. Triggered Event RA Sponsor
5. Send DCI format 1_0
Window with RA-RNTI, allocation
1 RRC Setup CBRA UE
resource for RAR T1 T2 T3 T4
6. MSG2(TC-RNTI,TA,UL-Grant) time 2 RRC Reestablish CBRA UE
PDCCH&PDSCH
MSG1 MSG2 MSG4 3 RRC Resume CBRA UE
(RAPID=2) MSG3 (ueid=1)
7. MSG3(UEID) HO gNB RRC
PUSCH
(ueid=1) 4 CFRA or CBRA
(SA and EN-DC) signaling
UE time
8. Send DCI format 1_0 #1 DL Data arrival when CFRA or CBRA gNB PDCCH
CR 5
Timer with TC-RNTI, allocation MSG3 “non-synchronized” order
resource for CR (ueid=2)
UL Data arrival when
6 CBRA UE
9. MSG4(UEID, …) “non-synchronized”
UE
PDCCH&PDSCH #2
time MSG1:CFRA
CR Timer 7 ODOSI UE
MSG3:CBRA
10. MSG5
PDCCH&PDSCH
HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR 8 Beam recovery CBRA or CFRA UE
Signaling Process: RRC Connection Management

RRC SDAP SDAP

SRB0 4 SRB1 SRB2 DRB1 DRB2 DRB3

1. MSG1
RRC:------------------------------------
RA 2. MSG2 ue-Identity PDCP PDCP PDCP PDCP PDCP
establishmentCause

RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC

RRC:------------------------------------
3. RRCSetupRequest RadioBearerConfig
DCCH DTCH
(on SRB0) srb-ToAddModList CCCH DCCH DTCH DTCH
srb-Identity
pdcp-Config
RRC 3.1. UE context masterCellGroup MAC
Setup setup rlc-BearerToAddModList
logicalChannelIdentity RACH DL-SCH UL-SCH
srb-Identity 2
3.2. Admission and rlc-Config
SRB1 resource mac-LogicalChannelConfig
allocation mac-CellGroupConfig
PRACH PDCCH/PDSCH PUCCH/PUSCH
drx-Config
4. RRCSetup schedulingRequestConfig
(on SRB0) bsr-Config
physicalCellGroupConfig 3
…
5. RRCSetupComplete
1 5
(on SRB1)

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
Signaling Process: UE Context Setup
3. DownlinkNasTransport
4. DLInformationTrans fer (Identity Request)
IDENTI (Identity Request)
Request 5. ULInformationTrans fer
6. UplinkNasTransport
(Identity Response) (Identity Response)
1. RRCSetupComplete

1. Security 2. InitialUeMessage 8. DLInformationTrans fer 7. DownlinkNasTransport

(Authentication Request)
algorithm selection AUTH (Authentication Request)
3. NAS message transport Request 9. ULInformationTrans fer 10. UplinkNasTransport
(IDENTI/AUTH/NAS SMC/REGISTRATION/…) (Authentication Response) (Authentication Response)
2. Key derivation
4. InitialContextSetupReq
11. DownlinkNasTransport
12. DLInformationTransfer
3. PDCP algorithm (NAS SecurityModeCmd)
NAS (NAS SecurityModeCmd)
and key 13. ULInformationTransfer
5. UECapabilityEnquiry SMC 14. UplinkNasTransport
configuration UE (NAS SecurityModeCmp)
Capability (NAS SecurityModeCmp)
6. UECapabilityInformation
Enquiry
4. SecurityModeCommand 7. UeCapabilityInfoInd

RRC SDAP SDAP

5. Start RRC downlink 8. SecurityModeCommand DRB2 DRB3
SRB2 DRB1
ciphering&deciphering
SMC
9. SecurityModeComplete PDCP PDCP PDCP PDCP
6. SecurityModeComplete
RLC RLC RLC RLC
10. RrcReconfiguration
SRB2&DRB DCCH DTCH DTCH DTCH
8. Start RRC uplink Setup
ciphering&deciphering 11. RrcReconfigurationCmp MAC
DL-SCH UL-SCH

12. InitialContextSetupRsp
PDCCH/PDSCH PUCCH/PUSCH

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
Signaling Process: PDU Session Management

CP functions

QoS signalling
1. PduSessionSetupReq
2. RrcReconfiguration Per-packet marking

3. RrcReconfigurationCmp
RRC
4. PduSessionSetupRsp UE New RAN UP functions
Userplane NG-U UP header with
QoS marking
(From 38.801)
NG-RAN 5GC

UE gNB UPF#1
5GC
PDU Session #1
Radio Bear #11 NG3Tunnel#11
QoS Flow #11 Session#1 Session#2
QFI#11 QFI#12 QFI#13 QFl#21
QoS Flow #12
(5QI=9) (5QI=8) (5QI=1) (5QI=75)
Radio Bear #12 SDAP1 SDAP2
QoS Flow #13
SDAP PDCP PDCP PDCP

UPF#2 RLC RLC RLC

PDU Session #2
Radio
DRB#11 DRB#12 DRB#21 bearer
Radio Bear #21 NG3 Tunnel#21 MAC
QoS Flow #21
gNB PHY

HO with DRB configuration change

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
Signaling Process: RRC INACTIVE

Control Plane
1.RRCRelease CONNECT
=>
INACTIVE UE NGC
UE in gNB
RRC_INACTIVE/
CM_CONNECTED NAS NAS
RRC RRC NGAP NGAP
RRC:-------------------------- 2.RRCResumeReq INACTIVE
resumeIdentity => PDCP PDCP SCTP SCTP
ran-pagingCycle CONNECT
ran-NotificationAreaInfo RLC RLC IP IP
periodic-RNAU-timer 3.Retrive UE context by
I-RNTI MAC MAC L2 L2
PHY PHY L1 L1
RRC:-------------------------- 4.RetriveUeContextReq
resumeIdentity CONTEXT
resumeMAC-I RETRIVE 5.RetriveUeContextRsp
resumeCause

RRC:-------------------------- 6.Resume
User Plane
RadioBearerConfig
SRB1&SRB2&DRBs
srb-ToAddModList
drb-ToAddModList
masterCellGroup UE NGC
rlc-BearerToAddModList
7.RRCResume gNB
mac-CellGroupConfig
8.RRCResumeComplete PDU
physicalCellGroupConfig PDU
…
SDAP SDAP GTP-U GTP-U
15.PathSwitchReq
PATH PDCP PDCP UDP UDP
SWITCH
14.PathSwitchReqAck RLC RLC IP IP
UE in
RRC_CONNECTED
/
MAC MAC L2 L2
CM_CONNECTED 10.UeContextRelease PHY PHY L1 L1
HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
Signaling Process: Paging (5GC Paging)
5GC Paging Principles E2E Signaling Process of 5GC Paging NR Signaling Process of 5GC Paging

UE1的下行数据缓存

UE1的下行数据
到达指示 UE1的下行数据 1. Paging

2. Calculated PA&PO
AMF
UPF DN 3. Paging
NG

4. RRC connection
establishment

5. Service Request Procedure

gNB
UE1

UE Paging conditions:
The registered UE is in the CM_IDLE or RRC_IDLE state. 5GC
Tracking Area1 detects that the UE has downlink data to be transmitted.

Tracking Area2 Paging process:

The paging is initiated by 5GC. The gNodeB pages the UE
Tracking Area3 within the area indicated by the TAC.
Paging scope:

(From 23.502) Tracking area

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
Signaling Process: Paging (RAN Paging)
RAN Paging Principles RAN Paging Signaling Process

UE1下行数据 UE1下行数据
Source Target

AMF UE in RRC_INACTIVE/
CM_CONNECTED
AMF DN
Paging conditions:
UE1下行数据

1. DataTransfer
The UE is in the RRC_INACTIVE

2. PDCP detect DL Data state. The source gNodeB detects

and trig RAN-PAGING that the UE has downlink data to
缓存UE1的下行数据
be transmitted.
3. Calculated PA&PO
Paging process:
4. Paging After detecting that the UE in the
寻呼 UE1 gNB
5. Paging RRC_INACTIVE state has
UE downlink data to be transmitted,
6. Calculated the gNodeB pages the UE within
PA&PO
RNA Area1 the RAN-based Notification Area
7. Paging
RNA Area2 (RNA).

8. RRC connection resume

Paging scope:
RNA Area3
RNA

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
Signaling Process: Paging (Paging Message Transmitted over the Uu Interface)
Paging Area (PA) Paging Occasion (PO) Paging Route

 5GC paging: PA = TA
T Paging DRX Cycle T: DRX cycle
Paging (paging cycle)
Paging

TA list N PFs Logical

PF PF PF ··· PF Channels
Offset (frame offset)
PCCH
TA#1 TA#2 TA#3

CELL CELL CELL CELL

D D D X U D D D S U ··· D D D X U D D D X U T/N x 2^μ x 10 Transport
#11 #21 #31 #32 Channels
slots
PCH
UE PO#0 PO#(Ns-1) Ns POs

 RAN paging: PA = RNA S SSB beams

DMRS
1st slot 2nd slot #S slot DMRS Physical
RRC_INACTIVE PT-RS
S SSB beams Channels
··· PDCCH PDSCH
Repeat S times
RNA
SSB#0 SSB#1 SSB#S

gNB#1 gNB#2 gNB#3

PF: (SFN + Offset) mod T = (T div N)x(UE_ID mod N)
CELL CELL CELL CELL PDCCH Feq PDSCH
#11 #21 #31 #32 PO: defines a set of PDCCH positions for monitoring paging DCIs. PCCH > PCH > PDCCH/PDSCH
P-RNTI Paging Index(i_s) of a PO = floor(UE_ID/N) mod Ns
Slot
UE

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
Signaling Process: Intra-RAT Handover (Xn)

Source Target
NGC Measure Control: -----------
MeasConfig for intra-freq HO 1. RRCReconfiguration(MC)
Mainly about A3 event
2. RRCReconfigurationCmp

NG NG 3. MeasurementReport
Measure Report: -----------
A3 Event:Neighbor cell
Xn signal quality is better than
serving cell 4. HandoverRequest

5. HandoverRequestAck
S-gNB T-gNB
6. RRCReconfiguration(HO)
RRCReconfiguration: ----
Cell1 Cell2 SRB&DRB configuration 7. SNStatusTransfer

8. RRCReconfigurationCmp

9. PathSwitchRequest

10. PathSwitchRequestAck
UE 11. UEContextRelease

12. RRCReconfiguration(MC)

13. RRCReconfigurationCmp

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
Signaling Process: Intra-RAT Handover (NG)
Source Target

NGC 1. RRCReconfiguration(MC)

2. RRCReconfigurationCmp

3. MeasurementReport
4. HandoverRequired
NG NG
5. HandoverRequest

6. HandoverRequestAck

7. HandoverCommand

S-gNB T-gNB 8. RRCReconfiguration(HO)

9. UplinkRANStatusTransfer

Cell1 Cell2 10. DownlinkRANStatusTransfer

11. RRCReconfigurationCmp
12. HandoverNotify

13. UEContextReleaseCommand
UE
14. UEContextReleaseComplete

15. RRCReconfiguration(MC)
16. RRCReconfigurationCmp

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
Signaling Process: Inter-RAT Handover
 HO based on coverage (NR > LTE)
When a UE establishes a radio bearer, the gNodeB sends the UE the measurement
Source Target NGC EPC
gNB eNB configuration message containing A2 measurement configurations, based on which the
UE performs measurements. If the gNodeB receives A2 measurement reports, it delivers
1. RRCReconfiguration(MC)
inter-RAT B2 measurement and A1 measurement configurations. After receiving A1
2. RRCReconfigurationCmp
measurement reports, the gNodeB stops inter-RAT handover measurements.
3. MeasurementReport
 HO based on voice service (NR > LTE)
4. HandoverRequest
When the UE establishes a Voice Flow (5QI=1) and the bearer policy of the voice service
5. RelocationRequest
is carried on the LTE network, the gNodeB rejects the setup of the Voice Flow and
6. HandoverRequest instructs the UE to perform B1 measurements. After receiving B1 measurement reports
from the UE, the gNodeB finds the qualified LTE cell according to the PCI carried in the
7. HandoverRequestAck
B1 measurement reports.
8. RelocationResponse Event
Event Description Trigger Condition Cancel Condition
9. HandoverCommand Type

Serving cell signal

10. RRCReconfiguration(HO) A1 quality is higher than a
Ms  Hys  Thresh Ms  Hys  Thresh
threshold
11. RRCReconfigurationCmp
Serving cell signal
12. HandoverNotify
A2 quality is lower than a Ms  Hys  Thresh Ms  Hys  Thresh
threshold
13. RelocationCompleteNotification
Serving cell signal
B1 quality is higher than a Mn  Ofn  Hys  Thresh Mn  Ofn  Hys  Thresh
14. UECONTEXT RELEASE COMMAND
threshold
15. RelocationCompleteAck
Serving cell signal Mp  Hys  Thresh1 Mp  Hys  Thresh1
B2 quality is lower than a Mn  Ofn  Hys  Thresh 2
threshold Mn  Ofn  Hys  Thresh 2

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
Contents

1 System Architecture

2 SA Signaling Process

3 SA Networking and Evolution

4 SA Deployment

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
Networking Evolution: Protocol Path
EPC Reuse (2018–2020) NGC Introduction (2021–2025) Evolution to NR (from 2026)

Option 3 Option 3x Option 4 Option 4a Option 2 ①

EPC EPC NGC NGC NGC
S1-C S1-U S1-C S1-U S1-U NG-C NG-U
NG-C NG-U NG-U NG-C NG-U

LTE NR LTE NR eLTE NR eLTE NR NR

② ③
Option 7 Option 7x
EPC
NGC NGC
S1-C S1-U PATH1
NG-C NG-U NG-C NG-U NG-U
LTE PATH2
eLTE NR eLTE NR
Legacy PATH3

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
Starting from NSA and converging on SA
Networking Evolution: Operators' Evolution Roadmap
Mainstream Operators' Evolution Roadmaps Huawei Roadmap

2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

SA (3.5G) China Mobile and China

NSA (4.9G) 2018 O3/O3X
Telecom: probably use SA in
SA Path 1: SA (O2)
one step.

SA/NSA 2019 O2

O3X SA Japan and Korea: Dense sites

O3X SA allow continuous coverage of 5G 2020 O4

and fast transition to SA.

O3X O4/SA Europe: considers cost-effective

2021~ O7(FFS)
Option 7x, and considers Option
O3X SA Path 2: O3X > SA (O4/O2)
4 to reuse LTE spectrum due to
O3X O7X the narrow C-band bandwidth.
Support for the coexistence of multiple

O3X SA Middle East: follows the pace of networking architectures:

Europe.  Option3/3x and Option 2 already supported
 Option 4 to be planned in 20B
 The converged network evolution paths are as follows: [Mainland China] SA in one step; [Outside China] NSA (Option 3x) > SA (Opti on
 For later versions, see Option 7 planning.
2/Option 4) in two steps
 In some large countries, the C-band bandwidth of tier-1 operators is insufficient. Therefore, MR-DC (Option 4) is required to increase the
bandwidth.
HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
SA and NSA Co-existence: Networking Schemes
 UE differentiation requirements
NSA UEs are launched before SA UEs. The coexistence of the two UE types is
inevitable.
Initial NSA SA/NSA co-
QualComm deployment existence
SA&NSA

EPC+ EPC+ 5GC

First-generation chip Second-generation chip
NSA only NSA and SA co-existence

 Service differentiation requirements 5GC deployment

Provide eMBB-oriented personal services based on NSA networking.
Perform IoT-oriented partial URLLC pilot services based on SA networking.
NR NR

5G RAN
software upgrade
4G 5G 4G 5G 5G

NSA NSA SA

 Networking differentiation requirements

In MOCN scenarios, different operators can have different networking policies
(SA/NSA).

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
SA and NSA Co-existence: Data Flows

SA/NSA dual-mode UE
Which cell is selected for UE access when the NR SA cell and EN-DC cell are in the same coverage
MME S-GW AMF UPF
area? Depends on the implementation of the UE.
 Huawei UE: searches for 5G signals first. If SA service attempts fail, it searches for 4G signals and
tries NSA services.
 Huawei CPE: searches for 4G signals first. If NSA service attempts fail, it searches for 5G signals
and tries SA services.

SA/NSA dual-mode cell (base station)

Set the SA/NSA networking mode based on the PLMN granularity within the base station. One cell
allows access of both SA and NSA UEs.
 The operator networking mode is set to NSA+SA. UEs in different modes in the same PLMN are
allowed to perform different services after network access.
 In MOCN scenarios, two operators share a network, and the networking mode is set to NSA and SA,
eNB gNB#1 gNB#2
respectively. UEs of different operators are allowed to perform different services after network
access (temporarily not supported in 19B).

5G 5G 5G
Service switch between SA and NSA
Signaling plane #0 #1 #2 Implemented through inter-RAT handover or redirection
User plane (NSA UE) (SA UE) (SA UE)  SA > NSA: through N2L inter-RAT handover or redirection
 NSA > SA: through L2N redirection (L2N inter-RAT handover temporarily not supported in 19B)

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
SA Networking: High- and Low-Frequency Policy (Recommended)
√ × √ √
NR LF SA NR HF SA NR + NR DC NR SA with eLTE

Option 4
NGC NGC NGC

NGC

5G LF 5G HF
5G LF
5G HF

eLTE 5G traffic split NR

5G NR low-frequency full coverage 5G NR high frequency hard to 5G NR high- and low-frequency 5G NR SA with eLTE
One of the mainstream scenarios achieve full coverage networking One of the mainstream scenarios
Note: For test only. One of the mainstream scenarios
Solution Target Customer Estimated Huawei Roadmap Remarks
Deployment Time
NR LF SA China Mobile 2020 19B Most direct SA networking requirements

NR HF SA Site expansion test 19B The trial test requirements are strong and must be
supported for capability building.
NR + NR DC China Mobile 2020 To be planned This solution is required by China Mobile and may be
tested and deployed in advance.
O4 DT and China Mobile Based on DT test To be planned (estimated in DT deployment will be implemented after 2020,
requirements 20B) depending on the eLTE progress and standards.
HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
Contents

1 System Architecture

2 SA Signaling Process

3 SA Networking and Evolution

4 SA Deployment

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
Deployment Configurations in Different Networking Scenarios

Initial SA Initial NSA/SA NSA-to-SA

SN Step
Deployment Deployment Reconstruction
1 Configure hardware boards √ √
2 Configure cells √ √
3 Configure neighboring cells √ √ √
4 Configure NG/Xn √ √ √
5 Configure S1/X2 √ √ (configuration deletion)
6 Set networking modes √ √ √
7

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
SA Networking Configurations

OSS

10.160.201.175 183.100.50.10 Configuration

Data Item IP Address Description
Type
Nexthop IP: Device IP address 162.22.131.35
162.22.0.1 AMF
OM IP address 162.22.131.35
IP network Basic Service/Signaling
162.22.131.35
configurations IP address
UMPT Next-hop IP
162.22.0.1
gNodeB address
Service IP/Singaling IP/
OM IP: 162.22.131.35 183.1.50.1 U2020 IP address 10.160.201.175
UPF
AMF IP address 183.100.50.10 NG-C
162.22.131.37
SA interface UPF IP address 183.1.50.1 NG-U
configurations Service/Signaling
IP address of the 162.22.131.37 Xn
peer gNodeB
UMPT
gNodeB#1

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
SA/NSA Co-existence Networking Configurations

OSS

Configuration
10.160.201.175 Data Item IP Address Description
Type

183.200.50.10 Device IP address 162.22.131.35

183.100.50.10
Nexthop IP: OM IP address 162.22.131.35
162.22.0.1 Basic Service/Signaling IP
162.22.131.35
AMF configurations address
MME Next-hop IP address 162.22.0.1
IP network
10.160.201.17
U2020 IP address
5
AMF IP address 183.100.50.10 NG-C
183.2.50.1
183.1.50.1 SA interface UPF IP address 183.1.50.1 NG-U
SGW
UPF configurations Service/Signaling IP
162.22.131.33 Service IP/Singaling IP/ address of the peer 162.22.131.37 Xn
OM IP: 162.22.131.35 162.22.131.37
gNodeB
S-GW IP address 183.2.50.1 S1-U
NSA interface Service/Signaling IP
configurations address of the peer 162.22.131.33 X2
UMPT eNodeB
UMPT UMPT
eNodeB gNodeB gNodeB#1

HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR
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Copyright©2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.

The information in this document may contain predictive statements including, without limitation, statements regarding the future financial and
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HISILICON SEMICONDUCTOR