7 3 Similar Triangles AA Similarity
7 3 Similar Triangles AA Similarity
Similar Triangles: AA Similarity
Determine whether the triangles are similar,
using the AA Similarity Theorem. If so, write a
similarity statement.
3.
1.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION: Since and both are right
∠XYZ ≅ ∠WVZ by the Vertical Angles Theorem. angles, or 90°. By the Triangle Sum Theorem, 90 +
Since , ∠X ≅ ∠W. 38 + = 180, so . Since
So, △YXZ ∼ △VWZ by AA Similarity. . So, the angles are not
congruent.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
Yes; by AA Similarity.
No; the angles are not congruent.
2.
SOLUTION:
Since and both are right 4.
angles, or 90°. By the Triangle Sum Theorem, 90 + SOLUTION:
49 + = 180, so . Since
. So, △ABC ∼ △FED by AA
It is given that two of the angles are congruent, so
Similarity. the remaining angles must also be congruent. So,
△ABC ∼ △FED by AA Similarity.
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
Yes; △ABC ∼ △FED by AA Similarity.
Yes; △ABC ∼ △FED by AA Similarity.
SOLUTION:
Which additional information would be enough to By AA Similarity,
prove that
Use the corresponding side lengths to write a
A DAC and ECB are congruent. proportion.
B and are congruent.
C and are parallel.
D CBE is a right angle.
SOLUTION:
Since , by the Vertical Angle Solve for y.
Theorem, option C is the best choice. If we know
that , then we know that the alternate
interior angles formed by these segments and sides
ANSWER:
and are congruent. This would allow us to
△XYZ ∼ △JKL; 4
use AA Similarity to prove the triangles are similar.
ANSWER:
C
7. VS
SOLUTION:
We can see that because all right
triangles are congruent.
Additionally, , by Reflexive Property.
Therefore, by AA Similarity, .
Use the corresponding side lengths to write a In shadow problems, you can assume that the angles
proportion. formed by the sun’s rays with any two objects are
congruent and that the two objects form the sides of
two right triangles.
Since two pairs of angles are congruent, the right
triangles are similar by the AA Similarity Postulate.
So, the following proportion can be written:
Solve for x.
ANSWER:
Let x be the tower’s height. (Note that 1 foot = 12
inches and covert all the dimensions to inches)
8. COMMUNICATION A cell phone tower casts a
100 ft = 1200 inches
100-foot shadow. At the same time, a 4-foot 6-inch
4 feet 6 inches = 54 inches
post near the tower casts a shadow of 3 feet 4
3 feet 4 inches = 40 inches.
inches. Find the height of the tower.
SOLUTION: Substitute these corresponding values in the
Make a sketch of the situation. 4 feet 6 inches is proportion.
equivalent to 4.5 feet.
So, the cell phone tower is 1620 inches or 135 feet
tall.
ANSWER:
135 ft
Determine whether the triangles are similar. If
so, write a similarity statement. Explain your
reasoning.
9. △ACE, △BCD
11.
SOLUTION:
It is given that two of the angles are congruent, so
the remaining angles must also be congruent. So,
△TUV ∼ △VXW by AA Similarity.
SOLUTION: ANSWER:
△ACE ∼ △BCD by AA Similarity. It is given that Yes; △TUV ∼ △VXW by AA Similarity.
one angle is 57°, which can be used to find that the
Determine whether the triangles are similar. If
other angles are 57° and 66°, respectively. These
so, write a similarity statement. Explain your
measure hold true for each triangle, and thus the
reasoning.
larger triangle as well.
ANSWER:
Yes; △ACE ∼ △BCD by AA Similarity.
12.
SOLUTION:
We know that due to the Reflexive
property. Additionally, we can prove that
10. , because they are corresponding
SOLUTION: angles formed by parallel lines . Therefore,
by AA Similarity.
No; needs to be parallel to for
by AA Similarity. Additionally, there ANSWER:
are no given side lengths to compare to use SAS or Yes; by AA Similarity.
SSS Similarity theorems.
ANSWER:
No; needs to be parallel to for
by AA Similarity.
15. MODELING Scientists are studying eyes and how
light is refracted by the lens of the eyes to create
two similar triangles. Prove that the triangles are
similar using similarity transformations and the
13. relationship between the angles and sides of the
triangles.
SOLUTION:
There is not enough information given to determine
that the triangles are similar.
ANSWER:
No; not enough information is given to determine
that the triangles are similar.
SOLUTION:
You can reflect or rotate one triangle about the
shared vertex B, then dilate one triangle to show the
triangles are similar.
ANSWER:
14. Reflect or rotate one triangle about the shared
SOLUTION: vertex B, then dilate one triangle to show the
No; the angles of are 59, 47, and 74 degrees triangles are similar.
and the angles of are 47, 68, and 65 degrees.
Since the angles of these triangles won't ever be
congruent, so the triangles can never be similar.
ANSWER:
No; the angles of the triangles are not congruent, so
the triangles are not similar.
ALGEBRA Identify the similar triangles. Then 17. ST
find each measure.
16. EG
SOLUTION:
By the Reflexive Property, we know that
.
.
Also, since , we know that
( Corresponding Angle Postulate).
SOLUTION:
We are given one pair of congruent angles, and we Therefore, by AA Similarity,
know that by the Vertical Angles
Theorem. So, we know that △DEC ∼ △GEF by AA Use the corresponding side lengths to write a
Similarity. proportion.
Use the corresponding side lengths to write a
proportion.
Solve for x.
Solve for x.
ANSWER:
△DEC ∼ △GEF; 4
ANSWER:
18. WZ, UZ
SOLUTION:
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7-3 Similar Triangles: AA Similarity
Solve for x.
Substitute x = 2 in HJ and HK.
HJ = 4(2) + 7
=15
HK = 6(2) – 2
= 10
Substitute x = 12 in WZ and UZ.
WZ = 3x – 6 ANSWER:
=3(12) – 6
= 30
UZ = x + 6
= 12 + 6
= 18
ANSWER:
20. EB 21. GD, DH
SOLUTION:
We know that ( Reflexive Property) and
are given .
Therefore, by AA Similarity.
SOLUTION:
We are given that each triangle has a right angle, and Use the corresponding side lengths to write a
using the Triangle Sum Theorem we can determine proportion:
that . Because both triangles have angle
measures of 90°, 36°, and 54°, we know that △ABE
∼ △DCE by AA Similarity.
Use the corresponding side lengths to write a
proportion.
Solve for x.
Solve for x.
Substitute x = 8 in GD and DH.
GD = 2 (8) – 2
ANSWER: = 14
DH = 2 (8) + 4
△ABE ∼ △DCE; 6
= 20
ANSWER:
22. STATUES Mei is standing next to a statue in the
park. If Mei is 5 feet tall, her shadow is 3 feet long,
and the statue’s shadow is feet long, how tall is
the statue?
SOLUTION:
Make a sketch of the situation. 4 feet 6 inches is
equivalent to 4.5 feet.
equivalent to 4.5 feet.
In shadow problems, you can assume that the angles
formed by the Sun’s rays with any two objects are
congruent and that the two objects form the sides of
two right triangles.
In shadow problems, you can assume that the angles
formed by the Sun’s rays with any two objects are
Since two pairs of angles are congruent, the right
congruent and that the two objects form the sides of
triangles are similar by the AA Similarity Postulate.
two right triangles.
So, the following proportion can be written:
Since two pairs of angles are congruent, the right
triangles are similar by the AA Similarity Postulate.
So, the following proportion can be written:
Let x be the statue’s height and substitute given
values into the proportion:
Let x be the basketball goal’s height. We know that 1
ft = 12 in.. Convert the given values to inches.
So, the statue's height is 17.5 feet tall.
ANSWER:
Substitute.
23. SPORTS When Alonzo, who is tall, stands
next to a basketball goal, his shadow is long, and
the basketball goal’s shadow is long. About how
tall is the basketball goal?
SOLUTION: ANSWER:
Make a sketch of the situation. 4 feet 6 inches is about 12.8 ft
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7-3 Similar Triangles: AA Similarity
ANSWER:
24. BIRDWATCHING Taylor sees the nest of a rare
bird near the top of a tree. He wants to report its about 10.3 feet
position to the local conservation group. Taylor is 6 25. PROOF Write a two-column proof for each part of
feet tall and casts a 3.5-foot shadow. The tree with Theorem 7.2.
the nest casts a shadow 6 feet long. About how far
above the ground is the nest? SOLUTION:
SOLUTION: Reflexive Property of Similarity
Make a sketch of the situation. Given: △ABC
Prove: △ABC ∼ △ABC
In shadow problems, you can assume that the angles
formed by the Sun’s rays with any two objects are Proof:
congruent and that the two objects form the sides of Statements (Reasons)
two right triangles. 1. △ABC (Given)
2. ∠A ≅ ∠A, ∠B ≅ ∠B (Refl. Prop.)
3. △ABC ∼ △ABC (AA Similarity)
Since two pairs of angles are congruent, the right
triangles are similar by the AA Similarity Postulate.
Symmetric Property of Similarity
So, the following proportion can be written:
Given: △ABC ∼ △DEF
Prove: △DEF ∼ △ABC
Proof:
Statements (Reasons)
Let x be the tree’s height. We know that 1 ft = 12 in.. 1. △ABC ∼ △DEF (Given)
Convert the given values to inches. 2. ∠A ≅ ∠D, ∠B ≅ ∠E (Def. of ∼ polygons)
3. ∠D ≅ ∠A, ∠E ≅ ∠B (Symm. Prop.)
4. △DEF ∼ △ABC (AA Similarity)
Transitive Property of Similarity
Given: △ABC ∼ △DEF and △DEF ∼ △GHI
Prove: △ABC ∼ △GHI
Substitute.
Proof:
Statements (Reasons)
1. △ABC ∼ △DEF, △DEF ∼ △GHI (Given)
2. ∠A ≅ ∠D, ∠B ≅ ∠E, ∠D ≅ ∠G, ∠E ≅ ∠H
(Def. of ∼ polygons)
3. ∠A ≅ ∠G, ∠B ≅ ∠H (Trans. Prop.)
4. △ABC ∼ △GHI (AA Similarity) PROOF Write a two-column proof.
26. Given: ABCD is a trapezoid.
ANSWER:
Prove:
SOLUTION:
Proof:
Reflexive Property of Similarity Statements (Reasons)
Given: △ABC 1. ABCD is a trapezoid. (Given)
Prove: △ABC ∼ △ABC
2. (Def. of trap.)
Proof: 3. (Alt. Int. ∠
Statements (Reasons) Thm.)
1. △ABC (Given) 4. (AA Similarity)
2. ∠A ≅ ∠A, ∠B ≅ ∠B (Refl. Prop.)
5. (Corr. sides of ~ △s are proportional.)
3. △ABC ∼ △ABC (AA Similarity)
Symmetric Property of Similarity ANSWER:
Given: △ABC ∼ △DEF Proof:
Prove: △DEF ∼ △ABC Statements (Reasons)
1. ABCD is a trapezoid. (Given)
Proof: 2. (Def. of trap.)
Statements (Reasons) 3. (Alt. Int. ∠
1. △ABC ∼ △DEF (Given)
Thm.)
2. ∠A ≅ ∠D, ∠B ≅ ∠E (Def. of ∼ polygons)
3. ∠D ≅ ∠A, ∠E ≅ ∠B (Symm. Prop.) 4. (AA Similarity)
4. △DEF ∼ △ABC (AA Similarity) 5. (Corr. sides of ~ △s are proportional.)
Transitive Property of Similarity
Given: △ABC ∼ △DEF and △DEF ∼ △GHI
Prove: △ABC ∼ △GHI
Proof:
Statements (Reasons)
1. △ABC ∼ △DEF, △DEF ∼ △GHI (Given)
2. ∠A ≅ ∠D, ∠B ≅ ∠E, ∠D ≅ ∠G, ∠E ≅ ∠H
(Def. of ∼ polygons)
3. ∠A ≅ ∠G, ∠B ≅ ∠H (Trans. Prop.)
4. △ABC ∼ △GHI (AA Similarity)
27. Given: △XYZ and △ABC are right triangles; ∠Z 28. Graph the triangles, and prove that
= ∠C.
SOLUTION:
Prove: △YXZ ∼ △BAC
SOLUTION:
Proof:
Statements (Reasons)
1. and are right triangles. (Given)
2. and are right angles. (Def. of rt.
) slope of or undefined
3. (All rt. angles are .) slope of or undefined
4. ∠Z = ∠C (Given)
5. (AA Similarity) XZ || WV because they have the same slope. Thus,
∠YXZ ≅ ∠YWV and ∠YZX ≅ ∠YVW by the
ANSWER:
Corresponding Angles Postulate. Therefore △XYZ
Proof:
∼ △WYV by AA Similarity.
Statements (Reasons)
1. and are right triangles. (Given) ANSWER:
2. and are right angles. (Def. of rt.
)
3. (All rt. angles are .)
4. ∠Z = ∠C (Given)
5. (AA Similarity)
COORDINATE GEOMETRY and
have vertices X(–1, –9), Y(5, 3), Z(–1,
6), W(1, –5), and V(1, 5).
slope of or undefined
slope of or undefined
XZ || WV because they have the same slope. Thus,
∠YXZ ≅ ∠YWV and ∠YZX ≅ ∠YVW by the
Corresponding Angles Postulate. Therefore △XYZ
∼ △WYV by AA Similarity.
29. Find the ratio of the perimeters of the two triangles. 30. MODELING When Luis’s dad threw a bounce pass
to him, the angles formed by the basketball’s path
SOLUTION:
The lengths of the sides of are: were congruent. The ball landed of the way
between them before it bounced back up. If Luis’s
XY =
dad released the ball 40 inches above the floor, at
YZ = what height did Luis catch the ball?
ZX = 6 – (–9) = 15;
The lengths of the sides of are:
VW = 5 – (–5) = 10;
WY =
YV =
Now, find the perimeter of each triangle: SOLUTION:
Since the ball landed of the way between them, the
horizontal line is in the ratio of 2:1.
By AA Similarity, the given two triangles are similar.
Form a proportion and solve for x. Assume that Luis
will catch the ball at a height of x inches.
ANSWER:
So, Luis will catch the ball 20 inches above the floor.
ANSWER:
20 in.
31. BILLIARDS When a ball is deflected off a smooth 32. If possible, describe a similarity transformation or a
surface, the angles formed by the path are congruent. combination of a similarity transformation and a rigid
Booker hit the orange ball and it followed the path transformation that could be used to demonstrate that
the triangles are similar.
from A to B to C as shown below. What was the total
distance traveled by the ball from the time Booker hit
it until it came to rest at the end of the table?
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
By AA Similarity, the given triangles are similar.
Form a proportion and solve for BC. Convert the
fractions to decimals.
Since the sides are in proportion, a dilation with scale
factor of 2.5 followed by a translation demonstrates
that △DEF ∼ △D′E′F′.
ANSWER:
So, the total distance traveled by the ball is about 61
, , and
inches.
, so a dilation with scale factor of
ANSWER: 2.5 followed by a translation demonstrates that
about 61 in. △DEF ∼ △D′E′F′.
33. CHANGING DIMENSIONS Assume that △ABC
∼ △JKL. b. What needs to be true for the triangles formed
by the edges of the two laser beams and the surface
a. If the lengths of the sides of △JKL are half the of the skin to be similar to each other?
lengths of the corresponding sides of △ABC, and
the perimeter of △ABC is 40 inches, what is the c. If all of the triangles are similar, how far apart
perimeter of △JKL? How is the perimeter related should the laser sources be placed to ensure that the
to the scale factor from △ABC to △JKL? areas treated by each source do not overlap or
leave an area untreated?
b. If the lengths of the sides of △ABC are three
SOLUTION:
times the lengths of the corresponding sides of
△JKL, and the perimeter of △ABC is 21 inches, a. The surface of the skin and the treated area
what is the perimeter of △JKL? How is the beneath the skin would need to be parallel in order for
perimeter related to the scale factor from △ABC to the triangles formed to be similar.
△JKL?
b. The segment with endpoints at the sources would
SOLUTION: need to be parallel to the surface of the skin in order
a. The perimeter would be half of 40, or 20 inches. for the triangles formed to be similar.
The ratio of the perimeters is the scale factor.
b. The perimeter would be one-third of 21, or 7 c. For 100 cm, it covers an area that has a radius of
inches. The ratio of the perimeters is the scale factor. 15 cm. It penetrates and go inside the skin for 5 cm.
ANSWER: so, the total height is 105 cm. Assume that for 105
cm, the laser source covers an area that has a radius
a. 20 in.; The ratio of the perimeters is the scale
factor. of x cm.
b. 7 in.; The ratio of the perimeters is the scale
factor. Form a proportion.
34. MEDICINE Certain medical treatments involve
laser beams that contact and penetrate the skin.
Refer to the diagram. So, the laser beam covers 15.75 + 15.75 or 31.5 cm.
ANSWER:
a. The surface of the skin and the treated area
beneath the skin are parallel.
b. The segment with endpoints at the sources is
parallel to the surface of the skin.
c. 31.5 cm
35. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS In this
problem, you will explore proportional parts of
a. What needs to be true for the triangles formed triangles.
by the edges of the laser beams and the surface of
the skin to be similar to triangles formed by the
edges of the laser beams and the treated area
beneath the skin?
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7-3 Similar Triangles: AA Similarity
formed by the ratios of sides of a triangle cut by a
parallel line.
Sample answer: The segments created by a line || to
one side of a △ and intersecting the other two sides
are proportional.
a. Geometric Draw △ABC with parallel to ANSWER:
as shown. a. Sample answer:
b. Tabular Measure and record the lengths AD, DB,
CE, and EB and the ratios and in a table.
c. Verbal Make a conjecture about the segments
created by a line parallel to one side of a triangle and
intersecting the other two sides.
SOLUTION: b. Sample answer:
a. The triangle you draw doesn't have to be
congruent to the one in the text. However, measure
carefully so that is parallel to side .
Sample answer:
c. Sample answer: The segments created by a line ||
to one side of a △ and intersecting the other two
sides are proportional.
b. When measuring the side lengths, it may be
easiest to use centimeters. Fill in the table with the
corresponding measures.
Sample answer:
c. Observe patterns you notice in the table that are
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7-3 Similar Triangles: AA Similarity
SOLUTION:
The Third Angles Theorem ensures that if two pairs
of corresponding angles in two triangles are
congruent, then the third pair of angles is also Can you prove that △WXY and △WYZ are similar
congruent. triangles? Explain.
ANSWER: SOLUTION:
Sample answer: The Third Angles Theorem ensures Because is an altitude, we know . So
that if two pairs of corresponding angles in two ∠XWY and ∠ZWY are right angles. It is given that
triangles are congruent, then the third pair of angles is ∠XYZ is a right angle. Thus ∠XWY ≅ ∠XYZ and
also congruent. ∠XYZ ≅ ∠ZWY because all right angles are
congruent. ∠WXY ≅ ∠YXZ by the Reflexive
property. So △WXY ∼ △YXZ by AA Similarity.
∠XZY ≅ ∠YZW by the Reflexive property. So
△YXZ ∼ △WYZ by AA Similarity. Therefore △WXY
∼ △WYZ by the Transitive property.
ANSWER:
Yes; Because is an altitude, . So
∠XWY and ∠ZWY are right angles. It is given that
∠XYZ is a right angle. Thus ∠XWY ≅ ∠XYZ and
∠XYZ ≅ ∠ZWY because all right angles are
congruent. ∠WXY ≅ ∠YXZ by the Reflexive
property. So △WXY ∼ △YXZ by AA Similarity.
∠XZY ≅ ∠YZW by the Reflexive property. So
△YXZ ∼ △WYZ by AA Similarity. Therefore △WXY
∼ △WYZ by the Transitive property.
38. REASONING In a pair of similar triangles, the 39. OPEN-ENDED Draw a triangle that is similar to
sides of one triangle measure 3, 3.25, and 4.75 units. △ABC shown. Explain how you know your triangle
The sides of the second triangle measure x – 0.46, x, is similar to △ABC.
and x + 2.76 units. Find the value of x.
SOLUTION:
Using the given information, sketch two triangles and
label the corresponding sides and angles. Make sure
you use the Angle-Sides relationships of triangles to
place the shortest sides across from the smallest
angles, etc.
SOLUTION:
When making a triangle similar to , keep in
Form a proportion and solve for x.
mind the relationships that exist between the angles
of similar triangles, as well as the sides. We know
that the corresponding sides of similar triangles are
proportional and the corresponding angles are
congruent.
ANSWER:
5.98
△A′B′C′ ∼ △ABC because the measures of each
side have a scale factor of 0.5 and the measures of
corresponding angles are equal.
ANSWER:
Sample answer:
△A′B′C′ ∼ △ABC because the measures of each
side have a scale factor of 0.5 and the measures of
corresponding angles are equal.
40. The ladder of a slide is perpendicular to the ground. 42. Sonia is 5 feet 6 inches tall. She wants to estimate the
The slide slopes downward at an angle of 58 degrees. height of a palm tree near her school. She measures
What angles cannot be used to prove that △JKL ∼ her shadow and the palm tree’s shadow and then sets
△JMN by AA Similarity? up the sketch shown below.
A and
B and
C and
D and
Which of the following is the best estimate of the
SOLUTION: height of the palm tree?
All of the pairs of angles listed are congruent by
either corresponding angles on parallel lines, A 28 ft
symmetry (different name for the same angle), or B 27.5 ft
because the angles at perpendicular lines except
C 13.5 ft
. Those angles in answer choice C
D 3.6 ft
are supplementary, but not congruent.
SOLUTION:
ANSWER:
The triangles formed are similar due to AA Similarity.
C Therefore, the corresponding sides are proportional.
41. △JKL ∼ △PQR, the measure of angle P is 34º, and Set up a proportion to find the height of the tree.
the measure of angle R is 72º. The measure of angle Note: 6 inches is half of a foot. Therefore, 5'6" is
K is given by the expression (7x + 32)º. What is the equivalent to 5.5 feet.
value of x?
SOLUTION:
Use the Triangle Angle Sum Theorem.
34º + 72º + (7x + 32)º = 180º
138º + 7xº = 180º
The correct choice is B.
7xº = 42º
ANSWER:
x = 6 B
ANSWER:
6
43. In the figure below, . 44. MULTI-STEP These two triangles are similar and
.
a. Which proportion correctly represents the
situation?
a. What is the measure of angle F?
A C
A 28º C 74º
B D B 68º D 96º
b. Find the value of x and the measure of . b. Which of the following are true? Select all that
apply.
A x = 4.4, AB = 2.4
B x = 6.8, AB = 4.8 A
C x = 9.5, AB = 7.5 B
D x = 17, AB = 15 C △EFG ∼ △RST
D △EFG ∼ △TRS
SOLUTION: E △FEG is a dilation of △RTS.
a. To write a true proportion, write ratios that F △RTS is a dilation of △FEG.
compare corresponding sides. Only choice D
SOLUTION:
compares corresponding sides, . a. The measure of angle F is 68º, answer B, because
it is congruent to angle R.
b. Solve for x and find AB.
b. Because the two triangles are similar and
, then like in answer choice B,
because , instead .
To write the similarity, align corresponding angles like
30 = 4x – 8 in answer choice D. Since the triangles are similar,
38 = 4x either can be said to be a dilation of the other as long
9.5 = x as the corresponding angles align, so both E and F are
AB = 9.5 – 2 also true.
AB = 7.5
ANSWER:
The correct answer is choice C. a. B
ANSWER: b. B, D, E, F
a. D
b. C