SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY

AND SOCIETY (STS)

Libertad, Geve R.
Moralla, Faith D.
Ellana, Jachelle
Arevallo, Nina Joy
 MODULE 1

• HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN
THE COURSE OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY
Science, Technology and Society
Features
 Historical Development of Technology Timeline in the World
Ancient time

Distillation map Antikythera

mechanism
Middle Age

Compass Catapults
Printing
Press
Modern Age

3d Printer Smart
Al Robots
Gadgets
 Historical Development of Technology Timeline in the
Philippines
Stone Age Iron Age Spanish Era

Modern Times
 3 Major Scientific and Technological Development
1. The toothbrush as we know it was invented in China in 1498. Toothbrushes are
important for us to use every day, and they are a tool every dentist across the world
will recommend you use every day. By using toothbrushes, you can better your tooth
and gum health and maintain a healthier mouth than if you decided to not brush your
teeth at all. The toothbrush impacted our life through the importance of keeping our
teeth healthy so that we can enjoy eating the food served on our table. With the
toothbrush that keeps our teeth healthy, we could be able to chew food for the
stomach to digest easily and distribute the nutrients needed by the body. It also
allows us to enjoy taste of certain foods by chewing them using our teeth. Having a
toothbrush that is comfortable and easy for you to use is important as it will make the
few minutes you spend every day brushing your teeth easier and better. Brushing our
teeth allows us to fight gum disease, cavities, and other oral health conditions that will
cause us to lose our teeth and suffer other health issues like heart disease. By
brushing our teeth, we can improve our oral health and our overall health, which
means longer and happier lives for all that do the simple act of brushing their teeth.
 3 Major Scientific and Technological Development
2. Electronic devices have become an important part of our day-to-day life. It has
become difficult for us to do work without using the electronic device. The microcircuit
was developed for the space program because computers had to be miniaturized.
There were lots of spinoffs from NASA that have seen their way into our everyday life.
In a sense, if you pursue something diligently, investing all your heart and soul, craft,
and wisdom — then you can come up with something of benefit for all the world. An
example is medical research into AIDS/HIV. There were some who wagged their
tongues: “It’s god’s judgment for their immoral lifestyle.” But doctors and biologists
and cytologists and biochemists set to work, investing huge resources and their
sincerity to solve the problem. In so doing, the knowledge of cell biology was doubled,
through all their investigations and discoveries. Now we are all benefiting, and the
world has become a more humane place. We live in a generation that uses
electronics and technologies where robots and artificial intelligence can do human
work with more ease and efficiency.
 3 Major Scientific and Technological Development
3. Smart gadgets are just one of the few major scientific and technological
development in the world that makes our life easier. Gadgets are electronically
simplified applications that make work easy. They play a significant role in the
common man’s life and we have grown so used to it that it becomes very difficult for
us to think of daily life chores in the absence of machines. Ranging from a washing
machine, a chimney or an electric hub, the churner or simply the television set;
Instruments have invaded each part of our life and have proved themselves to be
useful. Today we use various electronic gadgets in our daily life. Everything from
cooking to music uses electronics or electronic components in some way.
Communication gadgets are a category of gadget which controls the biggest
importance of our lives but it is not the only gadgets that can increase efficiency. Just
think of the morning when you start using the gadgets. From the very first in the
morning, you need to use the alarm clock to wake you up until you want to gate late.
2. Historical Antecedents that gave rise to the Inventions
The Modern times.
Today, the system by which research and development leads to new products is
fundamentally different than it was in the nineteenth century. Organized research and
development, which are increasingly international in character, have greatly increased the
production of new knowledge.
Basic insights in materials science enable the development of structures that are lighter,
stronger, and more durable than anything available before. The computer and novel modes of
communication, such as optical fibers, bring new, interactive modes of work and more
capable machinery. These new devices and new ways of working, in turn, speed the growth
and dissemination of new knowledge.
The accumulation of scientific knowledge and new technologies has transformed human
life. They have also presented us with difficult questions about how to use science and
technology most effectively to meet human needs. Progress is more likely if we understand
these differences. Only then can we effectively translate scientific and technical
understanding into the techniques, tools, and insights that improve the quality of our lives.
 Developments in Science and Technology Shaped
human history.
Development in science and technology shaped human history in many ways. It enabled
us to share ideas much faster around the country and then around the world. (Now we are
transmitting messages into space in the hope that we’ll contact someone there.) That started
with the wheel, which also allowed us to establish economies with other places, carting our
supplies to and fro. Technology has completely changed the way humans live, and therefore
has shaped human history. Telephones, the Internet, and engines allow people and goods to
move from place to place much quicker, and we can communicate around the world instantly.
The development in science and technology allows and give us the freedom to discover
things from stone age down to the modern times to create more and more technologies to
improve the quality of life wherever it may be found. As it continues to develop, more and
more things are being discovered and diseases has been given the cure that was sought to
be uncurable way back when science and technology was not developed.
LEARNING EXPRESSION CHECK?????
 MODULE 2

INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS
 Philisophers and Public response to
Theories
A. The notion that heliocentrism was a blow to humanity’s narcissism is
commonly attributed to Freud. A historian of science at the University of
Colorado, Denver, informed that Freud got the idea from the 19th-
century German physiologist-polymath Emil du Bois-Reymond, about
whom Gabriel wrote a terrific biography. Freud was well aware of du
Bois-Reymond’s work, as were other pioneers of mind-science. Some
other say that there is just as much evidence that proves that their
theories are false. The scientific revolution was initially intended to
destroy the theory of creationism. Also, most of these scientist were tied
to the occult, if not all of them. The reason why history is written in BC
and AD is because the most important time frames on this earth revolved
around Jesus Christ. If you step aside from science and begin to question
life itself, you start to find that there is a veil that covers truth. Even if
you don’t believe in God, unless you travel to outer space and see Earth
for yourself, you are taking Scientisms word for it.
 Similarities and differences on Theories
B. Copernicus, Darwin and Freud: Revolutions in the History and
Philosophy of Science deals with issues in the area of intersection
between history and philosophy of natural and social science. Using
Copernicanism, Darwinism and Freudianism as extended case studies,
Friedel Weinert illustrates the profound connections between science and
philosophy and shows how scientific theories invariably have
philosophical consequences. Philosophical controversies surrounding
ideas of human nature, realism and instrumentalism, models and
theories, laws of nature and scientific method are allexamined within the
context of concrete problem situations in the history of science.
Yes, there is differences because others don’t believe in Copernicus,
darwin and freud theory. And other agree to the three famous theories.
 Is there obeservable pattern?
B. Yes using Copernicanism, Darwinism, and Freudianism as examples
of scientific traditions, Copernicus, Darwin and Freud takes a
philosophical look at these three revolutions in thought to illustrate the
connections between science and philosophy. Shows how these
revolutions in thought lead to philosophical consequences. Provides
extended case studies of Copernicanism, Darwinism, and
Freudianism. Integrates the history of science and the philosophy of
science like no other text. Copernicus, Darwin and Freud is an engaging
and versatile text suitable for a variety of courses in the history and
philosophy of science or for individual study.
Innovations and technological advances in the Information Age.
 Innovations and technological advances in the
Information Age.

NEGATIVE
POSITIVE
1. Technology affects our sleeping habits 1. Securing a sustainable competitive advantage

2. Technology leaves us feeling isolated 2. Fast reaction to changing conditions

3. Technology promotes a shorter attention span
3. Technology promotes a shorter attention
span 4. Development of new markets and target group
4. Technology can cause eye and ear
problems
GUIDELINES FOR MEDIA USE

Be responsible for what you do.

Be authentic.

Exercise good judgment

Understand the concept of community

Remember to protect confidential & proprietary

Why do you think most intellectual ideas were controversial?

I would like to define first what is Intellectual, It is inquiry that focuses on the
role that explicitly articulated concepts and theories, whether legal, political,
religious, artistic, philosophical, or scientific, play in the thinking and action of
human beings. a person who places a high value on or pursues things of
interest to the intellect or the more complex forms and fields of knowledge, as
aesthetic or philosophical matters, especially on an abstract and general level.
an extremely rational person a person who relies on intellect rather than on
emotions or feelings.

I think most intellectual ideas are controversial because they change long-
held beliefs. For example, Copernicus and his heliocentric system were
shunned from society because it was long believed that the Earth was the
center of the universe.
Why do you think most intellectual ideas were controversial?

Another reason would be because many intellectual ideas make humans less
special. This also applies to Copernicus, because in his new solar system, the Earth
and humans are not anymore important enough to be in the center. Another
example would be Darwin's theory of evolution. Lastly it challenges the reigning
philosophical paradigm reigning over science, as well as the reigning theory of
origins in biology, namely evolution. Additionally, it challenges the metaphysical
beliefs of many practitioners of science. These changes lead to predictable
paradigm change resistance that characterizes the discovery and promotion of new
ideas in science.
That is why intellectual design revolution is often controversial because it claims
that aspects of the natural world are the result of intelligent action rather than
naturally occurring chance, or law governed processes. For example, the scientific
theory currently dominating scientific thought regarding the origin of biological
organisms is the highly regarded theory of evolution, which offers chance-law-
governed mechanisms to explain observed characteristics of life.
 Why did people in earlier times accept new discoveries
despite being contradictory to what was widely accepted?
The new discoveries are being accepted the people rather than contradict with it
that is because new covenants are well studied and proven to be better with what is
accepted before. New discoveries are made every single day by scientists. Some of
the reasons why new discoveries are made? That is to cope up with the ever-
changing environment, to acquire new knowledge, techniques, cure to illnesses, and
inventions, to widen the advancement of science and technology, to provide people
a better experience and living. So, before a new discovery is made, it will undergo
first a thorough study for it to be valid and to have proof. The study consists of
scientific method steps. Producing a new discovery takes time, money, and lots of
effort for it to be successful. This is the main reason why new discoveries are
accepted even if they are contradictory to was accepted before. Despite being the
opposite of the previous discovery, a new discovery has numerous data and analysis
from thorough research that makes it valid and acceptable.
How do intellectual revolutions transform
societies?
As we explore the society it is noticeable how far we progress, there were laws
appropriate in every situation, there was gender and development awareness.
Technologies and social media became the source of information and a bridge to
connect people around the world. The time we experience technologies we found
that there were disadvantages regarding the use of it, with this, communities
collaborated to create actions that will address the problems. It shows the intellectual
power of the people to determine dilemmas and apply accurate solutions to transform
the societies in a more conducive place to live.
The intellectual revolution was a power to determine the essentials of a person, it
was a continuous discovery of self-worth, determination, and knowledge to open
one's mind in the world of authoritarian leaders. It was a place for improvement,
reconstruction, and a free-will make self-more valuable. It will transform societies
through critical-thinking, evaluation, and creating appropriate rules for equal
opportunity. It is a continuous process of development to achieve the needs of
society. The collaborations of great minds make the world peaceful and progressive.
How do intellectual revolutions transform
societies?
The challenges of intellectual revolutions were the diversity of
culture, religions, traditions, and philosophies. Fortunately,
culture and traditions were now included in the curriculum of
education, therefore, the conflict will be lessened. The
consensus of all leaders, communities, and all the elements It
will transform societies through critical-thinking, evaluation, and
creating appropriate rules for equal opportunity. It is a
continuous process of development to achieve the needs of
society. I believe that the collaborations of great minds make
the world peaceful and progressive.
LEARNING EXPRESSION CHECK?????
 MODULE 3

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND

NATION-BUILDING
 Scientific and technological standing in the Philippines

Science and technology in the Philippines represents the wide scientific and
technological advances the Philippines has made. The main managing agency
responsible for science and technology is the Department of Science and Technology
(DOST). The science department have consulting agencies for Forestry, Agriculture and
Aquaculture, Metal Industry, Nuclear Research, Food and Nutrition, Health,
Meteorological and the Volcanology and Seismology.
Numerous national scientists have contributed in different fields of science including
Fe del Mundo in the field of Pediatrics, Eduardo Quisumbing in the field of Plant
taxonomy, Gavino Trono in the field of tropical marine Phsycology, and Maria Orosa in
the field of Food technology.
Even before the colonization by the Spaniards in the Philippine islands, the natives of
the archipelago already had practices linked to science and technology. Filipinos were
already aware of the medicinal and therapeutic properties of plants and the methods of
extracting medicine from herbs. They already had an alphabet, number system, a
weighing and measuring system and a calendar. Filipinos were already engaged in
farming, shipbuilding, mining and weaving. The Banaue Rice Terraces are among the
sophisticated products of engineering by pre-Spanish era Filipinos.
 Philippine contribution to Nation- Building
Manuel Quezon

Emilio Aguinaldo

Ferdinand Marcos
 Philippine contribution to Nation- Building

The establishment of research institutions such as the International Rice Research

Institute is the most visible example of science and technology contributions in the
Philippines (IRRI). It is Asia’s biggest non- profit agricultural research and development
centre. In the 1960s, it was responsible for thedevelopment of various cultivars that enabled
rice to be grown on an industrial scale throughout Asia. IRRI cultivars or descendants of
IRRI cultivars account for 60% of the world’s rice crops.
Science and technology are essential for every country’s growth and development. In
every culture, technology plays a critical role in wealth generation, improving quality of life,
and real economic development and change. The basis of how science and technology apply
to society is the development of new knowledge and then the use of that knowledge to
improve human well-being and address
societal problems.
Physics, astrophysics, artificial intelligence, robotics, and other fields struggle in the
Philippines due to a shortage of laboratories and scientific institutions devoted to them.
However, because the Philippines has robust scientific facilities in fields like genetics,
agriculture, food manufacturing, and conservation (a legacy of the American commonwealth
era), Filipinos prefer to excel in those.
 Governing laws and Policies
Yes, the Philippine Development Plan 2011-2016 adopts a framework of inclusive
growth, which is high growth that is sustained, generates mass employment, and
reduces poverty. With good governance and anticorruption as the overarching theme of
each and every intervention, the Plan translates into specific goals, objectives, strategies,
programs and projects all the things that we want to accomplish in the medium term.
Through this Plan, we intend to pursue rapid and sustainable economic growth and
development, improve the quality of life of the Filipino, empower the poor and
marginalized and enhance our social cohesion as a nation. Our strategic development
policy framework thus focuses on improving transparency and accountability in
governance, strengthening the macroeconomy, boosting the competitiveness of our
industries, facilitating infrastructure development, strengthening the financial sector and
capital mobilization, improving access to quality social services, enhancing peace and
security for development, and ensuring ecological integrity.
The Philippine Development Plan will serve as our guide in formulating policies and
implementing development programs for the next six years. It enables us to work
systematically to give the Filipino people a better chance of finally finding their way out of
poverty, inequality, and the poor state of human development.
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN NATION BUILDING
 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN NATION BUILDING
CONTRIBUTION ADVANTAGE/DISADVANTAGE LAWS/POLICIES

NegOcc coffee growers DTI-Negros Occidental, said the Magna Carta for small farmers
undergo packaging, training seeks to enable growers Republic Act 7607
labelling training. and processors to produce “very primarily aims in realizing
LOCAL good products” for the National equitable distribution of benefits
Coffee Congress next year and opportunities through the
empowerment of the small
farmers.

TESDA trains 25 residents Project BASLID aims to provide Republic Act No. 7796
of insurgency-cleared skills training and other livelihood AN ACT CREATING THE
Bacolod village interventions to the beneficiaries, TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND
who belong to the marginalized SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
and vulnerable sector in the AUTHORITY, PROVIDING
village. FOR ITS POWERS,
STRUCTURE AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES
 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN NATION BUILDING
CONTRIBUTION ADVANTAGE/DISADVANTAGE LAWS/POLICIES

P132-M nuclear magnetic Used to study the physical, Executive Order (EO) 116
resonance lab to rise in chemical, and biological properties creating the Nuclear Energy
Visayas to determine molecular identity and Program Inter-Agency
REGIONAL structure of materials in the 'Tuklas Committee (NEP-IAC) to
Lunas' (drug discovery) program of conduct a study “for the
the DOST adoption of a National Position
on a Nuclear Energy Program
(NEP)

Almost 4K samples tested The molecular laboratory in Davao Republic Act. No. 11469 or the
in DOST-supported de Oro supported by the "Bayanihan to Heal as One Act
molecular lab in Davao Department of Science and enacted in March 2020 granting
Technology (DOST) has tested the President additional
close to 4,000 specimens or authority to combat the COVID-
samples in RT-PCR (Reverse 19 pandemic in the Philippines.
transcription-polymerase chain
reaction) tests.
 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN NATION BUILDING
CONTRIBUTION ADVANTAGE/DISADVANTAGE LAWS/POLICIES
The establishment of The development of various PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No.
research institutions such cultivars enabled rice to be grown 1620. GRANTING TO THE
as the International Rice on an industrial scale throughout INTERNATIONAL RICE
Research Institute is the Asia. RESEARCH INSTITUTE (IRRI)
NATIONAL most visible example of THE STATUS,
science and technology PREROGATIVES,
contributions in the PRIVILEGES AND
Philippines (IRRI). It is IMMUNITIES OF AN
Asia's biggest non-profit INTERNATIONAL
agricultural research and ORGANIZATION.
development centre.
More and more mobile users have Recognizes the vital role of
now access to faster mobile information and
network speeds through Smart communications technology in
Smart expands 5G to over Communications Inc.’s (Smart) nation-building, and declares its
2.6K sites expansion of its 5G network to policy to promote an
over 2,600 sites nationwide. environment for the
development of structures that
would ensure the availability
and accessibility to reliable and
secure internet
Development of science and technology from the
Pre-colonial times to the present
• PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
Scientific and technological development in the Philippines began in the pre-
colonial period. Even before the Spaniards came to the Philippine islands, early
Filipino settlers were already using certain plants and herbs as medicines.
Systems of farming and animal-raising were also implemented. Moreover, early
Filipinos had also developed different modes of transportation, whether
terrestrial or maritime. A complicated engineering fear was achieved by the
natives of the Cordilleras when they built rice terraces by hand. Through these
terraces, the people were able to cultivate crops on the mountainsides in cold
temperatures. They incorporated an irrigation system that uses water from the
forests and mountain tops to achieve an elaborate farming system. The rice
terraces of the Cordilleras, which are still functional, show the innovative and
ingenious way of natives to survive in an otherwise unfriendly environment.
Development of science and technology from the
Pre-colonial times to the present
• COLONIAL PERIOD
Colonization by the Spaniards provided the Philippines with
modern means of construction. Walls, roads, bridges, and other
large infrastructures were built using some of the engineering skills
and tools brought by the Spaniards. In addition, the Spanish
government developed health and education systems that were
enjoyed by the principalia class. The American occupation
modernized almost all aspects of life in the Philippines. They
established a government agency, the Bureau of Science, for the
sole purpose of nurturing development in the field of science and
technology.
 Development of science and technology from the
Pre-colonial times to the present
• POST-COLONIAL PERIOD
After achieving independence from the colonizers, the Philippines, under different
administration, continued to pursue programs in science and technology. Each leadership
had its own science and technology agenda. However, it is important to note that some
Philippine presidents posted more developments in the field than others. One of the
presidents who ushered in advancements in science and technology was former president
and dictator Ferdinand Marcos. Under his term, many agencies in science and technology
were established and strengthened, including the Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and
Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) in place of the abolished Weather Bureau;
the National Academy of Science and Technology; and the reconstituted National Science
and Technology Authority (originally established in 1958 as the National Science and
Development Board and now the Department of Science and Technology), among others.
Marcos saw that the key to nation-building is the continued development of science and
technology. The progress in science and technology continued even after his dictatorial rule
and the presidents after him left their own legacies in the field.
 Major contribution of Science and technology to
the Philippine nation-building
The establishment of research institutions such as the International Rice Research Institute is
the most visible example of science and technology contributions in the Philippines (IRRI). It is
Asia's biggest non-profit agricultural research and development centre. In the 1960s, it was
responsible for the development of various cultivars that enabled rice to be grown on an industrial
scale throughout Asia. IRRI cultivars or descendants of IRRI cultivars account for 60% of the
world's rice crops.
Science and technology are essential for every country's growth and development. In every
culture, technology plays a critical role in wealth generation, improving quality of life, and real
economic development and change. The basis of how science and technology apply to society is
the development of new knowledge and then the use of that knowledge to improve human well-
being and address societal problems.
Physics, astrophysics, artificial intelligence, robotics, and other fields struggle in the Philippines
due to a shortage of laboratories and scientific institutions devoted to them. However, because the
Philippines has robust scientific facilities in fields like genetics, agriculture, food manufacturing, and
conservation (a legacy of the American commonwealth era), Filipinos prefer to excel in those.
 Major contributions of the Philippines to Science
and Technology at present
The Filipinos have contributed a lot in the field of science and technology. In fact, there
have been inventions by Filipino scientists. A few are the Lamps using sea water instead
of kerosene. This was invented by a Filipina scientist. Cooking stove using methane gas
from farm animal waste. This was invented by a Filipino scientist. Running a car machine
using water instead of gasoline. This was conceptualized by a Filipino scientist. And lately,
a group of Filipino students invented robotic toy cars. There was also another group
Filipinos who was also able to invent dengue testing kits.

The are just some of the inventions by Filipino scientists. Their inventions may not be that
big, but their inventions can contribute to the science and technology not just in the
Philippines, but also to the world. There are a lot more of ideas and inventions created by
the Filipinos but it is always lack of support and other countries are the once that benefit
from it not us that has the capacity to support and develop such inventions with brilliant
help to innovation.
 Major contributions of the Philippines to Science
and Technology at present
Fields like physics, astrophysics, AI, electronics, etc. tend to suffer in
the Philippines because of the lack of facilities and research institutions
dedicated to them. But conversely, fields like biology, agriculture, food
processing, and conservation have extensive research infrastructure in
the Philippines (a legacy of the American commonwealth era), so
Filipinos tend to excel more in those.
The most prominent example of these research institutions is perhaps
the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), which is based in the
Philippines. It is the largest non-profit agricultural research center in Asia.
It was responsible for developing numerous cultivars that allowed rice to
be cultivated on an industrial scale throughout Asia in the 1960s. 60% of
the world's rice crops are either IRRI-developed or descendants of IRRI
cultivars.
LEARNING EXPRESSION CHECK?????
 MODULE 4

HUMAN FLOURISHING AS
REFLECTED IN PROGRESS AND
DEVELOPMENT
 How does one identify progress?

On a daily basis, measure

progress through movement toward
your process goals. It doesn’t
matter how much you work, only
whether that work takes you closer
to finishing that day’s process
goals. Then check that your process
goals are doing what they should,
by tracking overall movement
toward an outcome goal.
What indicators are utilized so as to create and establish a clear
and concrete assessment of one’s progress?

Income , growth and prosperity were accepted

as key indicators of progress and development of
the first half of the 20th century this was a
preoccupation of classical economist. But in
present century there is a great conflict , which
relates development with equality , growth without
equitable distribution and prosperity along side
rising gender inequalities. None of which are
natural but rather influenced by social and cultural
factors. There is need to broaden the concept of
the backup method compass the overall well-being
of people rather than just a note in rising income.
The national income as calculated by the gross
national product measure is no indication of the
standard of living of nations.
Are there parameters and standardized values to
quantify progress?
How the Standard of Living Is Measured?
• The generally accepted
measure of the standard of
living is GDP per capita. This is
a nation’s gross domestic
product divided by its
population. The GDP is the total
output of goods and services
produced in a year by everyone
within the country’s borders.
Real GDP and decks and its interpretation

In US , life expectancy is 79 years

and gdp per capita is 50,000 dollar.
But many countries has in us , life
expectancy is 79 years and gdp per
capita is 50,000 dollar. But many
countries has achieved similar life
expectancy with the mere fraction of
this income. He has a comparable life
expectancy to the us and one of the
highest literacy rates in the world with
gdp capita of only six thousand dollar
and consumption of only 1.9 hectares.
 Based on Jason Hickel’s article, answer the following questions:

1. What is the main objective of the 2. What is its standard response

Sustainable Development Goals of the United to eradicating poverty?
Nations?

- United Nations renegotiated the new - Growth.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in * Growth has been the main object of development
which its main objective is to eradicate for the past 70 years, despite the fact that it’s not
poverty by the year 2030. working.
 Based on Jason Hickel’s article, answer the following questions:

3. What is the threshold of the earth for

4. How many hectares should each of us
adequately sustaining life?
consume annually based on the resources
available in the planet?

- The Earth has a threshold of 1.9 hectares in

order for it to adequately sustaining life. At
just $6,000 of GDP per capita and only 1.9 - 1.8 global hectares right at the threshold of
hectares in use, Cuba has one of the lowest ecological sustainability.
rates of literacy in the world.
Based on Jason Hickel’s article, answer the following questions:

5. What are two indicators of quality of life 6. What crisis may force us to slow down
mentioned in the article? if we do not do so voluntarily?

- - The climate change crisis in the planet would

force us to slow down and eventually become
extinct if we do not do anything about it voluntarily.
-Overall happiness and wellbeing in addition to life The warming of the planet resulted in the polar ice
expectancy. caps to melt.
Based on Jason Hickel’s article, answer the following questions:
7. According to Hickel, what must be done to
eradicate poverty instead of urging poor 8. How would different nation react to the
countries to catch up with rich ones? idea of de-developing?

- It might be prove to be a strong rallying cry in the global south

- We should be thinking of ways to get rich countries to “catch down” to
according to the recent consumer research 70% of the people in
more appropriate levels of development. We should look at societies the middle and high income countries believe overconsumption is
where people live long and happy lives at relatively low levels of putting the planet and society at risk. They also believe we should
income and consumption not as basket cases that need to be strive to buy and own and that doing so would not compromise
developed towards western models, but as exemplars of efficient our happiness.
living.
 Why must we change our paradigm of growth
and consumption to that of de-development
We must shift to a paradigm of growth because we don't want our country or an organization be
deteriorated with state of dis-improvement and anything would fall to a hopeless situation. The de-
development would cause one to be disabled with opportunities, growth, and success. We need to
change our paradigm of growth and consumption to that of "de-development" for us to have a
sustainable economy worldwide.
According to scientists, our growth is very fast. It is increasing that this planet that we are living and
its resources might not sustain us in the years to come. On the other hand, countries around the globe
doesn't have fair economy. Some are at the average point, others are in the lowest while some are also
at the peak of its progress. Since today, the idea of growing faster is equivalent to change which is
constant, we cannot stop the population growth anymore.
The only thing which we need to do is accept it and create better strategies to suffice our needs.
And in this part, the idea of de-development comes in. What is de-develoment then? It is the idea of
gearing each countries economy towards equality and not quantity. The idea of creating a sustainable
planet for everyone by cutting excess consumption to cater to the needs of others. Through selfless
sharing and giving and steady economy, we are gearing up towards sustainable future. A future where
no country is left behind and food and resources are enough and available for everyone.
 1.Why the terms of de-development, de-growth and zero growth
seemingly unacceptable when framed with progress? How have we
been enframed by notion of growth?

Because it means limit to growth or no growth/learning at all, it is a sort of

insult to an individual whom you will describe as de-growth and zero growth.
De-growth activists advocate for the downscaling of creation andutilization the
compression of economies contending that overconsumption lies at the
foundation of long haul ecological issues and social disparities. Key to the idea
of de-growth is that diminishing utilization does not require individual martyring
or a reduction in prosperity. We are enframed by the notion of growth in the
world of science because of the advancement and development in the field of
advancement. We were all amazed at the advances that we never thought
would be possible, but because of science, it happened. For example, the
economic growth of a country is now measured through its advancement in
technology and how these would help its countrymen.
 As a student, how can you improve your life and yet
reduce consumption?
For many people, having an improved life meant being rich and having everything
at your disposal. This is not necessarily the case. We now live in a world that
everyone competes for every thing the world can offer, but most life an empty life.
One way to make sure you get the most of everything is to ensure that you reduce
your consumption, be it of goods, services or even the internet so that you can focus
on things that really matter. When you only get what you need and what you can
consume, you leave resources available for other people. That generally leaves you
with a good feeling, that satisfaction that you contributed something to the world.
Happiness and contentment is not always about the money.
The concept of minimalism is not entirely new but is a trend that is now getting
more popular. A simple YouTube search would give results of a thousand tips on how
minimalism could be achieved. But it does revolve around one key principle: have
what you need and whatever it is you need and have should make a positive impact
for you and maybe even others.
LEARNING EXPRESSION CHECK?????
MODULE 5

THE GOOD LIFE

Random Activities from Morning to Night
1. After waking up I looked through
my cell phone.

2. Rest for 10 minutes then get up

from bed. ⭐
3. I will do some exercise at least 15
minutes. ⭐
4. Take a bath
⭐
5. Eat some breakfast
⭐
Random Activities from Morning to Night
6. Do some household chores
⭐
7. I do my assignments
⭐
8. Play mobile games at least one hour

9. Cook food for lunch

⭐
10. Do the dishes
⭐
Random Activities from Morning to Night
11. Rest for 30 minutes
⭐
12. Scroll on my phone

13. Take a nap at least one hour

⭐
14. Wake up than eat some snacks

15. Go to rooftop and water our plants

⭐
Random Activities from Morning to Night
16. Prepare food for dinner
⭐
17. Clean the table, kitchen and
do the dishes ⭐
18. Take half bath
⭐
19. Play mobile games until midnight

20. Then sleep

⭐
Random Activities from Morning to Night
• All human activities aim at some end that we consider
good. Most activities are a means to a higher end. The
highest human good, then, is that activity that is an end in
itself. That good is happiness. When we aim at
happiness, we do so for its own sake, not because
happiness helps us realize some other end. The goal of
the Ethics is to determine how best to achieve happiness.
This study is necessarily imprecise, since so much
depends on particular circumstances.
 Graduate College
 Passed CMA Board Exam
 Have a good career
 Attend A medical School
 Graduate Medical School
 Have M.D. on the end of my Surname
 Become an Ophthalmologist
 Have a lot of money on multiple banks
 Travel with my parents around the world
 Buy a car
 Own new House
 Own My dream business
 Marry the Man of my Life
 Have three kids
 Conquer my purpose
 Achieve true happiness
 Prepare for my retirement
 In your opinion, what constitute a good life?
What is “the good life”? This is one of the oldest philosophical questions. It has
been posed in different ways—How should one live? What does it mean to “live
well”?—but these are really just the same question. After all, everyone wants to live
well, and no one wants “the bad life.”

One basic way we use the word “good” is to express moral approval. So when we
say someone is living well or that they have lived a good life, we may simply mean
that they are a good person, someone who is courageous, honest, trustworthy, kind,
selfless, generous, helpful, loyal, principled, and so on.
They possess and practice many of the most important virtues. And they don’t
spend all their time merely pursuing their own pleasure; they devote a certain amount
of time to activities that benefit others, perhaps through their engagement with family
and friends, or through their work, or through various voluntary activities.
 In your opinion, what constitute a good life?
Recent research shows that people who have children are not
necessarily happier than people who don’t have children. Indeed, during
the child-raising years, and especially when children have turned into
teenagers, parents typically have lower levels of happiness and higher
levels of stress. But even though having children may not make people
happier, it does seem to give them the sense that their lives are more
meaningful.
For many people, the well-being of their family, especially their
children and grandchildren, is the main source of meaning in life. This
outlook goes back a very long way. In ancient times, the definition of
good fortune was to have lots of children who do well for themselves.
 What does Aristotle say about the good life? Does
it still stand in the contemporary world?
Aristotle is known as a philosopher and scientist. He has great contributions in the
society. He is also known for his quotable quotes. What does he say about the good
life? Here is what Aristotle says about the good life and if it still stands in the
contemporary world. According the Aristotle, happiness and having a good life is about
virtue. He considers the end of humans to be the good life. According to him, having a
good life is having happiness or prosperity which can be accomplished by living a life
according to virtue which is achieved by continually living in a virtuous manner or living
with high moral standards.

This MUST still stand in the contemporary world because most people are being
obsessed with material things. For most people, having a good life is being rich with
material possessions. They miss to remember that happiness and having a good life is
living a life that is consistent with having high moral standards.
How is the progress pf Science and Technology a
movement towards the good life?
• Easy Access to Information
Because there is continuous development in the field of
science especially to technology, information can now be
easily accessed. With just a click, tons of information is
shown to you. You need not go to a library to search for the
book or read a lot of resources just to get the information
that you need. The internet will provide you almost all the
things you need. You just need to be careful because not all
in the internet are credible information.
How is the progress pf Science and Technology a
movement towards the good life?
Faster Resolution to Problems
A good example of this is in the field of healthcare. There
are diseases that were categorized as dreaded before but
can now be easily treated. Medical professionals as well as
specialists from the field of research made is possible. They
never stopped looking for solutions especially to those fatal
diseases. With science and technology being improved
progressively, the trend of improved treatment will surely
continue.
 How is the progress pf Science and Technology a
movement towards the good life?
Better and More Options to Choose From
If before, we are left to the option we get used to, the
improvement in science and technology empowered people to
search and discover to better options. Options are presented
for people to choose, whichever will be convenient to them.
This also gives people the liberty to choose.
There are more reasons proving that the improvement in the
field of science and technology leads towards a good and
better life. The bottom line here is, that discovery to never stop.
Each day is an opportunity to discover new things.
LEARNING EXPRESSION CHECK?????
 MODULE 6

WHEN TECHNOLOGY AND

HUMANITY CROSS
 When Technology and Humanity Cross

WORLD WAR 1 WORLD WAR 2

• 1. No targeting civilians
• 1. Whistling • 2. No torture or inhumane treatment of
• 2. Loitering
detainees
• 3. CLOCKS GO FORWARD
• 3. No attacking hospitals and aid workers
• 4. DRINKING
• 5. DRUGS • 4. Provide safe passage for civilians to
• 6. BLACKOUTS flee
• 7. PRESS CENSORSHIP • 5. Provide access to humanitarian
• 8. POSTAL CENSORSHIP organizations
• 9. WHITE FLOUR • 6. No unnecessary or excessive loss and
• 10. FOREIGN NATIONALS suffering
 If viewed in our modern lens, were the prohibitions
protective of the people’shuman rights or restrictive?
How?
In recent decades, armed conflict has blighted the lives of millions of
civilians. Serious violations of international humanitarian and human rights law
are common in many armed conflicts. In certain circumstances, some of these
violations may even constitute genocide, war crimes or crimes against
humanity. It is often during armed conflicts that human rights are infringed
upon the most. Therefore, over the years, experts have focused much
attention on the formulation of instruments aimed at alleviating human
suffering during war and conflict. Today, three areas of modern international
law attempt to provide protection to victims of war: human rights law, refugee
law and humanitarian law. While these fields are closely linked, they need to
be distinguished systematically. International humanitarian law, which differs
from human rights law in that it concentrates on specified conflict-related acts
and does not give rise to individual claims.
If there were no prohibitions, what is the possible
scenario?
Everyone has the right to freedom of expression. This right
shall include freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart
information and ideas without interference by public authority
and regardless of frontiers. May be subject to such formalities,
conditions, restrictions or penalties as are prescribed by law
and are necessary in a democratic society, in the interests of
national security, territorial disorder or crime, for the protection
of health or morals, for the protection of the reputation or rights
of others, for preventing the disclosure of information received
in confidence, or for maintaining the authority and impartiality of
the judiciary.
 Japans Employee Protection on Technological Advancement
on Al Robot

Government Job Creation

Mandating Employment
Work Sharing

Employee Impact Sharing

Educational Training Reforms

 What are Ethical Dilemma Policy Makers
may Encounter
But by using artificial intelligence,
a company can drastically cut
down on relying on the human
workforce, and this means that
revenues will go to fewer
people.Consequently,individuals
who have ownership in AI-driven
companies will make all the
The hierarchy of labour is money. Artificially intelligent bots are
concerned primarily with becoming better and better at
automation. modelling human conversation
and relationships.

Racist Robots

Artificial Stupidity
 Threats brought by Technological Advancement and ethical
Dilemmas

Low Quality Counterfeit

Pharmaceuticals

Hacking in to Medical Devices

Adaptation to Climate
Change

Social Isolation

FInancial Malware
 How do we protect our Human rights in the face of
technological advancement and ethical dilemmas?
We can protect our human rights in the face of
technological advancements and ethical dilemmas by being a
responsible citizen. If we are a responsible citizen we are
disciplined enough in using different social media platforms.
There is a wide range of the usage of this social media it can
be use positively and negatively. We should be responsible
enough on what to post and to say on different social media
sites. When it comes to ethical dilemma we should be a child
of God to follow things that is according to the will of God.
Avoid things and people that will bring you to evil doings.
 Is it possible for the Philippines to one day face the
same threat of unemployment because of robots?
First off, artificial intelligence, 3D printers and other innovations are generally
designed to excel at a very specific set of tasks. They will rarely be able to substitute
an entire occupation, which, in most cases, requires much more versatility and
adaptability.
Secondly, new technologies not only destroy, but also create jobs. “Throughout
history, technological innovations have enhanced the productivity of workers and
created new products and markets, thereby generating new jobs in the economy. This
will be no different for AI, 3D printing and robotics,” says the report.
Thirdly, just because it is technically feasible to substitute an entire profession with
computers, does not mean it will happen. Various economic, legal, regulatory and
socio-political factors will prevent many occupations from disappearing. A recent study
found that by 2016, only one out of 270 occupations listed in the 1950 US census had
been eliminated by automation – that of an elevator operator.
 Is it possible for the Philippines to one day face the
same threat of unemployment because of robots?
In many cases, people will continue to do the work cheaper than machines. In
others, we will have to make tough legal and political choices. For example, who
should be held responsible for a medical AI’s wrong diagnosis – the system’s
manufacturer, the programmer or the doctor?

But even if our nearest future looks nothing like the set of Blade Runner or other
dystopian science-fiction movies, we should not downplay the disruption that AI,
robotics and other innovations are already bringing.

New technologies are contributing to increasing inequalities – both between

different groups of workers and between labour and firm owners. While they do not
cause widespread loss of jobs, they do change the demand for certain skills and
contribute to a shift towards more flexible but precarious “contingent work”
arrangements.
 Is it possible for the Philippines to one day face the
same threat of unemployment because of robots?
Technology is one of the reasons behind the growing disparities within the work
force in many countries, with middle-wage earners losing ground. Internationally, the
lack of access to new technologies in least developed countries and the rapid gains by
manufacturing powerhouses threaten to increase inequalities between countries even
further.
If left unchecked, these disruptions caused by advanced technologies may have
enormous consequences for societies. This is enough reason for policymakers to look
closely at technological progress: what it means for their countries and how best to
intervene.
“History shows that new technologies can lead to great gains for our economies but
are not without pain for some people and communities. The overall impact will depend
highly on social institutions and policies,” said Pingfan Hong, Director of DPAD.
“Policies are needed to help workers adapt to the new reality and to ensure their
participation in the benefits arising from technology.”
 Is it possible for the Philippines to one day face the
same threat of unemployment because of robots?
Governments may be tempted to focus on the benefits of
technological progress, while largely ignoring its negative
impacts. Low-income countries are particularly vulnerable unless
policymakers have a clear understanding of the risks and
potential of these new technologies. The sooner we start re-
thinking and re-designing labour market policies, social security
schemes and taxation systems, the better we will adapt to the
future that is already happening.
LEARNING EXPRESSION CHECK?????