What is a Computer?
What is a computer?
A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It has the ability
to store, retrieve, and process data. You may already know that you can use a computer
to type documents, send email, play games, and browse the Web. You can also use it to edit or
create spreadsheets, presentations, and even videos.
Hardware vs. software
Before we talk about different types of computers, let's talk about two things all computers
have in common: hardware and software.
 Hardware is any part of your computer that has a physical structure, such as the
keyboard or mouse. It also includes all of the computer's internal parts, which you can
see in the image below.

 Software is any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do and how to do it.

Examples of software include web browsers, games, and word processors. 

Everything you do on your computer will rely on both hardware and software. For example,
right now you may be viewing this lesson in a web browser (software) and using
your mouse (hardware) to click from page to page. As you learn about different types of
computers, ask yourself about the differences in their hardware. As you progress through this
tutorial, you'll see that different types of computers also often use different types of software.
What are the different types of computers?
When most people hear the word computer, they think of a personal computer such as
a desktop or laptop. However, computers come in many shapes and sizes, and they perform
many different functions in our daily lives. When you withdraw cash from an ATM, scan
groceries at the store, or use a calculator, you're using a type of computer.

Desktop computers

Many people use desktop computers at work, home, and school. Desktop computers are
designed to be placed on a desk, and they're typically made up of a few different parts,
including the computer case, monitor, keyboard, and mouse.
Laptop computers
The second type of computer you may be familiar with is a laptop computer, commonly called
a laptop. Laptops are battery-powered computers that are more portable than desktops,
allowing you to use them almost anywhere.
Tablet computers
Tablet computers—or tablets—are handheld computers that are even more portable than
laptops. Instead of a keyboard and mouse, tablets use a touch-sensitive screen for typing and
navigation. The iPad is an example of a tablet.
Servers

A server is a computer that serves up information to other computers on a network. For

example, whenever you use the Internet, you're looking at something that's stored on a server.
Many businesses also use local file servers to store and share files internally.
Other types of computers
Many of today's electronics are basically specialized computers, though we don't always think
of them that way. Here are a few common examples.
 Smartphones: Many cell phones can do a lot of things computers can do, including
browsing the Internet and playing games. They are often called smartphones.
 Wearables: Wearable technology is a general term for a group of devices—
including fitness trackers and smartwatches—that are designed to be worn throughout
the day. These devices are often called wearables for short.
 Game consoles: A game console is a specialized type of computer that is used for
playing video games on your TV.
 TVs: Many TVs now include applications—or apps—that let you access various types of
online content. For example, you can stream video from the Internet directly onto your
TV.
PCs and Macs
Personal computers come in two main styles: PC and Mac. Both are fully functional, but they
have a different look and feel, and many people prefer one or the other.
PCs

This type of computer began with the original IBM PC that was introduced in 1981. Other
companies began creating similar computers, which were called IBM PC Compatible(often
shortened to PC). Today, this is the most common type of personal computer, and it typically
includes the Microsoft Windows operating system.
Macs
The Macintosh computer was introduced in 1984, and it was the first widely sold personal
computer with a graphical user interface, or GUI (pronounced gooey). All Macs are made by
one company (Apple), and they almost always use the Mac OS X operating system.

 
Basic Parts of a Computer
Introduction
The basic parts of a desktop computer are the computer case, monitor, keyboard, mouse,
and power cord. Each part plays an important role whenever you use a computer.
Watch the video below to learn about the basic parts of a computer. 
Looking for the old version of this video? You can still view it here.
Computer case

The computer case is the metal and plastic box that contains the main components of the
computer, including the motherboard, central processing unit (CPU), and power supply. The
front of the case usually has an On/Off button and one or more optical drives.
Computer cases come in different shapes and sizes. A desktop case lies flat on a desk, and the
monitor usually sits on top of it. A tower case is tall and sits next to the monitor or on the
floor. All-in-one computers come with the internal components built into the monitor, which
eliminates the need for a separate case.
Monitor

The monitor works with a video card, located inside the computer case, to display images and
text on the screen. Most monitors have control buttons that allow you to change your
monitor's display settings, and some monitors also have built-in speakers.
Newer monitors usually have LCD (liquid crystal display) or LED (light-emitting diode) displays.
These can be made very thin, and they are often called flat-panel displays. Older monitors
use CRT (cathode ray tube) displays. CRT monitors are much larger and heavier, and they take
up more desk space.
Keyboard
The keyboard is one of the main ways to communicate with a computer. There are many
different types of keyboards, but most are very similar and allow you to accomplish the same
basic tasks.
Click the buttons in the interactive below to learn about the different parts of the keyboard.
Mouse

The mouse is another important tool for communicating with computers. Commonly known as
a pointing device, it lets you point to objects on the screen, click on them, and move them.
There are two main mouse types: optical and mechanical. The optical mouse uses an electronic
eye to detect movement and is easier to clean. The mechanical mouse uses a rolling ball to
detect movement and requires regular cleaning to work properly.
To learn the basics of using a mouse, check out our interactive Mouse Tutorial.
Mouse alternatives
There are other devices that can do the same thing as a mouse. Many people find them easier
to use, and they also require less desk space than a traditional mouse. The most common
mouse alternatives are below.
 Trackball: A trackball has a ball that can rotate freely. Instead of moving the device like a
mouse, you can roll the ball with your thumb to move the pointer.
 Touchpad: A touchpad—also called a trackpad—is a touch-sensitive pad that lets you
control the pointer by making a drawing motion with your finger. Touchpads are
common on laptop computers.
 

Buttons and Ports on a Computer

Introduction
Take a look at the front and back of your computer case and count the number
of buttons, ports, and slots you see. Now look at your monitor and count any you find there.
You probably counted at least 10, and maybe a lot more.
Each computer is different, so the buttons, ports, and sockets will vary from computer to
computer. However, there are certain ones you can expect to find on most desktop computers.
Learning how these ports are used will help whenever you need to connect something to your
computer, like a new printer, keyboard, or mouse.
Front of a computer case

Back of a computer case

The back of a computer case has connection ports that are made to fit specific devices. The
placement will vary from computer to computer, and many companies have their own special
connectors for specific devices. Some of the ports may be color coded to help you determine
which port is used with a particular device.
.
Other types of ports
There are many other types of ports, such as FireWire, Thunderbolt, and HDMI. If your
computer has ports you don't recognize, you should consult your manual for more information.
Now you try it! Practice connecting the cables with the interactive game below.
Peripherals you can use with your computer
The most basic computer setup usually includes the computer case, monitor, keyboard,
and mouse, but you can plug many different types of devices into the extra ports on your
computer. These devices are called peripherals. Let's take a look at some of the most common
ones.
 Printers: A printer is used to print documents, photos, and anything else that appears
on your screen. There are many types of printers, including inkjet, laser,
 and photo printers. There are even all-in-one printers, which can also scan and copy
documents.

 Scanners: A scanner allows you to copy a physical image or documentand save it to

your computer as a digital (computer-readable) image. Many scanners are included as
part of an all-in-one printer, although you can also buy a
separate flatbed or handheld scanner.
 Speakers/headphones: Speakers and headphones are output devices, which means
they send information from the computer to the user—in this case, they allow you
to hear sound and music. Depending on the model, they may connect to the audio port
or the USB port. Some monitors also have built-in speakers.
 Microphones: A microphone is a type of input device, or a device that receives
information from a user. You can connect a microphone to record sound or talk with
someone else over the Internet. Many laptop computers come with built-in
microphones.
 Web cameras: A web camera—or webcam—is a type of input device that can
record videos and take pictures. It can also transmit video over the Internet in real time,
which allows for video chat or video conferencingwith someone else. Many webcams
also include a microphone for this reason.
 Game controllers and joysticks: A game controller is used to control computer games.
There are many other types of controllers you can use, including joysticks, although you
can also use your mouse and keyboardto control most games.
 Digital cameras: A digital camera lets you capture pictures and videos in a digital
format. By connecting the camera to your computer's USB port, you can transfer the
images from the camera to the computer.
 Mobile phones, MP3 players, tablet computers, and other devices:Whenever you buy
an electronic device, such as a mobile phone or MP3 player, check to see if it comes
with a USB cable. If it does, this means you can most likely connect it to your computer.
Inside a Computer
Inside a computer
Have you ever looked inside a computer case, or seen pictures of the inside of one? The small
parts may look complicated, but the inside of a computer case isn't really all that mysterious.
This lesson will help you master some of the basic terminology and understand a bit more
about what goes on inside a computer.
Watch the video below to learn about what's inside a desktop computer.
Motherboard

The motherboard is the computer's main circuit board. It's a thin plate that holds the CPU,
memory, connectors for the hard drive and optical drives, expansion cards to control the video
and audio, and connections to your computer's ports (such as USB ports). The motherboard
connects directly or indirectly to every part of the computer.
CPU/processor

The central processing unit (CPU), also called a processor, is located inside the computer
case on the motherboard. It is sometimes called the brain of the computer, and its job is to
carry out commands. Whenever you press a key, click the mouse, or start an application, you're
sending instructions to the CPU.
The CPU is usually a two-inch ceramic square with a silicon chip located inside. The chip is
usually about the size of a thumbnail. The CPU fits into the motherboard's CPU socket, which is
covered by the heat sink, an object that absorbs heat from the CPU.
A processor's speed is measured in megahertz (MHz), or millions of instructions per second;
and gigahertz (GHz), or billions of instructions per second. A faster processor can execute
instructions more quickly. However, the actual speed of the computer depends on the speed of
many different components—not just the processor.
RAM (random access memor

RAM is your system's short-term memory. Whenever your computer performs calculations, it

temporarily stores the data in the RAM until it is needed.
This short-term memory disappears when the computer is turned off. If you're working on a
document, spreadsheet, or other type of file, you'll need to save it to avoid losing it. When you
save a file, the data is written to the hard drive, which acts as long-term storage.
RAM is measured in megabytes (MB) or gigabytes (GB). The more RAM you have, the more
things your computer can do at the same time. If you don't have enough RAM, you may notice
that your computer is sluggish when you have several programs open. Because of this, many
people add extra RAM to their computers to improve performance.
Hard drive
The hard drive is where your software, documents, and other files are stored. The hard drive
is long-term storage, which means the data is still saved even if you turn the computer off or
unplug it.
When you run a program or open a file, the computer copies some of the data from the hard
drive onto the RAM. When you save a file, the data is copied back to the hard drive. The faster
the hard drive, the faster your computer can start up and load programs.
Power supply unit
The power supply unit in a computer converts the power from the wall outlet to the type of
power needed by the computer. It sends power through cables to the motherboard and other
components.
If you decide to open the computer case and take a look, make sure to unplug the computer
first. Before touching the inside of the computer, you should touch a grounded metal object—
or a metal part of the computer casing—to discharge any static buildup. Static electricity can be
transmitted through the computer circuits, which can seriously damage your machine.
Expansion cards
Most computers have expansion slots on the motherboard that allow you to add various types
of expansion cards. These are sometimes called PCI (peripheral component interconnect)
cards. You may never need to add any PCI cards because most motherboards have built-in
video, sound, network, and other capabilities.
However, if you want to boost the performance of your computer or update the capabilities of
an older computer, you can always add one or more cards. Below are some of the most
common types of expansion cards.
Video card
The video card is responsible for what you see on the monitor. Most computers have a GPU
(graphics processing unit) built into the motherboard instead of having a separate video card. If
you like playing graphics-intensive games, you can add a faster video card to one of
the expansion slots to get better performance.
Sound card
The sound card—also called an audio card—is responsible for what you hear in the speakers or
headphones. Most motherboards have integrated sound, but you can upgrade to a dedicated
sound card for higher-quality sound.
Network card

The network card allows your computer to communicate over a network and access the
Internet. It can either connect with an Ethernet cable or through a wireless connection (often
called Wi-Fi). Many motherboards have built-in network connections, and a network card can
also be added to an expansion slot.
Bluetooth card (or adapter)

Bluetooth is a technology for wireless communication over short distances. It's often used in
computers to communicate with wireless keyboards, mice, and printers. It's commonly built
into the motherboard or included in a wireless network card. For computers that don't have
Bluetooth, you can purchase a USB adapter, often called a dongle.
Laptop Computers
What is a laptop computer?
A laptop is a personal computer that can be easily moved and used in a variety of locations.
Most laptops are designed to have all of the functionality of a desktop computer, which means
they can generally run the same software and open the same types of files. However, laptops
also tend to be more expensive than comparable desktop computers.
Watch the video below to learn about laptop computers.
How is a laptop different from a desktop?
Because laptops are designed for portability, there are some important differences between
them and desktop computers. A laptop has an all-in-one design, with a built-
in monitor, keyboard, touchpad (which replaces the mouse), and speakers. This means it is
fully functional, even when no peripherals are connected. A laptop is also quicker to set up, and
there are fewer cables to get in the way.
You'll also have to the option to connect a regular mouse, larger monitor, and other
peripherals. This basically turns your laptop into a desktop computer, with one main
difference: You can easily disconnect the peripherals and take the laptop with you wherever
you go.
Here are the main differences you can expect with a laptop.
 Touchpad: A touchpad—also called a trackpad—is a touch-sensitive pad that lets you
control the pointer by making a drawing motion with your finger.
 Battery: Every laptop has a battery, which allows you to use the laptop when it's not
plugged in. Whenever you plug in the laptop, the battery recharges. Another benefit of
having a battery is that it can provide backup power to the laptop if the power goes out.
 AC adapter: A laptop usually has a specialized power cable called an AC adapter, which
is designed to be used with that specific type of laptop.

 Ports: Most laptops have the same types of ports found on desktop computers (such
as USB), although they usually have fewer ports to save space. However, some ports
may be different, and you may need an adapter in order to use them.
 Price: Generally speaking, laptops tend to be more expensive than a desktop computer
with the same internal components. While you may find that some basic laptops cost
less than desktop computers, these are usually much less powerful machines.
Mobile Devices
What is a mobile device?
A mobile device is a general term for any type of handheld computer. These devices are
designed to be extremely portable, and they can often fit in your hand. Some mobile devices—
like tablets, e-readers, and smartphones—are powerful enough to do many of the same things
you can do with a desktop or laptop computer.
Tablet computers
Like laptops, tablet computers are designed to be portable. However, they provide a different
computing experience. The most obvious difference is that tablet computers don't have
keyboards or touchpads. Instead, the entire screen is touch-sensitive, allowing you to type on
a virtual keyboard and use your finger as a mouse pointer.

Tablet computers can't necessarily do everything traditional computers can do. For many
people, a traditional computer like a desktop or laptop is still needed in order to use some
programs. However, the convenience of a tablet computer means it may be ideal as a second
computer.
E-readers
E-book readers—also called e-readers—are similar to tablet computers, except they are mainly
designed for reading e-books (digital, downloadable books). Notable examples include
the Amazon Kindle, Barnes & Noble Nook, and Kobo. Most e-readers use an e-ink display,
which is easier to read than a traditional computer display. You can even read in bright sunlight,
just like if you were reading a regular book. 

You don't need an e-reader to read e-books. They can also be read
on tablets, smartphones, laptops, and desktops.
Smartphones
A smartphone is a more powerful version of a traditional cell phone. In addition to the same
basic features—phone calls, voicemail, text messaging—smartphones can connect to the
Internet over Wi-Fi or a cellular network (which requires purchasing a monthly data plan). This
means you can use a smartphone for the same things you would normally do on a computer,
such as checking your email, browsing the Web, or shopping online.
Most smartphones use a touch-sensitive screen, meaning there isn't a physical keyboard on the
device. Instead, you'll type on a virtual keyboard and use your fingers to interact with the
display. Other standard features include a high-quality digital camera and the ability to play
digital music and video files. For many people, a smartphone can actually replace electronics
like an old laptop, digital music player, and digital camera in the same device.

 
Understanding Operating Systems
What is an operating system?
An operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer. It manages the
computer's memory and processes, as well as all of its software and hardware. It also allows
you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the computer's
language. Without an operating system, a computer is useless.
Watch the video below to learn more about operating systems.
The operating system's job
Your computer's operating system (OS) manages all of the software and hardware on the
computer. Most of the time, there are several different computer programs running at the
same time, and they all need to access your computer's central processing unit (CPU), memory,
and storage. The operating system coordinates all of this to make sure each program gets what
it needs.
Types of operating systems
Operating systems usually come pre-loaded on any computer you buy. Most people use the
operating system that comes with their computer, but it's possible to upgrade or even change
operating systems. The three most common operating systems for personal computers
are Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux.
Modern operating systems use a graphical user interface, or GUI (pronounced gooey). A GUI
lets you use your mouse to click icons, buttons, and menus, and everything is clearly displayed
on the screen using a combination of graphics and text.
Each operating system's GUI has a different look and feel, so if you switch to a different
operating system it may seem unfamiliar at first. However, modern operating systems are
designed to be easy to use, and most of the basic principles are the same.
Microsoft Windows
Microsoft created the Windows operating system in the mid-1980s. There have been many
different versions of Windows, but the most recent ones are Windows 10 (released in
2015), Windows 8 (2012), Windows 7 (2009), and Windows Vista (2007). Windows comes pre-
loaded on most new PCs, which helps to make it the most popular operating system in the
world.
macOS (previously called OS X) is a line of operating systems created by Apple. It comes
preloaded on all Macintosh computers, or Macs. Some of the specific versions
include Mojave (released in 2018), High Sierra (2017), and Sierra (2016).
According to StatCounter Global Stats, macOS users account for less than 10% of global
operating systems—much lower than the percentage of Windows users (more than 80%). One
reason for this is that Apple computers tend to be more expensive. However, many people do
prefer the look and feel of macOS over Windows.
Linux (pronounced LINN-ux) is a family of open-source operating systems, which means they
can be modified and distributed by anyone around the world. This is different from proprietary
software like Windows, which can only be modified by the company that owns it. The
advantages of Linux are that it is free, and there are many different distributions—or versions
—you can choose from.
According to StatCounter Global Stats, Linux users account for less than 2% of global operating
systems. However, most servers run Linux because it's relatively easy to customize.
Operating systems for mobile devices
The operating systems we've been talking about so far were designed to run
on desktopand laptop computers. Mobile devices such as phones, tablet computers, and MP3
players are different from desktop and laptop computers, so they run operating systems that
are designed specifically for mobile devices. Examples of mobile operating systems
include Apple iOS and Google Android. In the screenshot below, you can see iOS running on an
iPad.
Operating systems for mobile devices generally aren't as fully featured as those made for
desktop and laptop computers, and they aren't able to run all of the same software. However,
you can still do a lot of things with them, like watch movies, browse the Web, manage your
calendar, and play games.
To learn more about mobile operating systems, check out our Mobile Devices tutorials.
Understanding Applications
What is an application?
You may have heard people talking about using a program, an application, or an app. But what
exactly does that mean? Simply put, an app is a type of software that allows you to perform
specific tasks. Applications for desktop or laptop computers are sometimes called desktop
applications, while those for mobile devices are called mobile apps.
When you open an application, it runs inside the operating system until you close it. Most of
the time, you will have more than one application open at the same time, which is known
as multi-tasking.
App is a common term for an application, especially for simple applications that can be
downloaded inexpensively or even for free. Many apps are also available for mobile
devices and even some TVs.
Watch the video below to learn more about applications.
Desktop applications
There are countless desktop applications, and they fall into several categories. Some are
more full featured (like Microsoft Word), while others may only do one or two things(like
a clock or calendar app). Below are just a few types of applications you might use.
 Word processors: A word processor allows you to write a letter, design a flyer, and
create many other types of documents. The most well-known word processor
is Microsoft Word.
 Web browsers: A web browser is the tool you use to access the Internet. Most
computers come with a web browser pre-installed, but you can also download a
different one if you prefer. Examples of browsers include Internet
Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, and Safari.

 Media players: If you want to listen to MP3s or watch movies you've downloaded, you'll

need to use a media player. Windows Media Playerand iTunes are popular media
players.
  Games: There are many types of games you can play on your computer. They range
from card games like Solitaire to action games like Halo. Many action games require a
lot of computing power, so they may not work unless you have a newer computer.
Mobile apps
Desktop and laptop computers aren't the only devices that can run applications. You can also
download apps for mobile devices like smartphones and tablets. Here are a few examples of
mobile apps.
  Gmail: You can use the Gmail app to easily view and send emails from your mobile
device. It's available for Android and iOS devices.
 Instagram: You can use Instagram to quickly share photos with your friends and family.
It's available for Android and iOS. 
 Duolingo: With a combination of quizzes, games, and other activities, this app can help
you learn new languages. It's available for Android and iOS.
Installing new applications
Every computer and mobile device will come with some applications already built in, such as a
web browser and media player. However, you can also purchase and install new apps to add
more functionality. You can review our lessons on Installing Software on Your Windows
PC, Installing Software on Your Mac, and Free Software to learn more. 
Setting Up a Computer
Setting up a computer
So you have a new computer and you're ready to set it up. This may seem like an overwhelming
and complicated task, but it's actually a lot easier than you might think! Most computers are set
up in a similar way, so it doesn't matter what brand of computer you have.
If you're setting up a new computer that's still in the box, you'll probably find a how-to
guide that includes step-by-step details. Even if it didn't include instructions, you can still set up
the computer in a few easy steps. We'll take you through the different steps needed to set up a
typical computer.
Setting up a laptop computer
If you have a laptop, setup should be easy: Just open it and press the power button. If the
battery isn't charged, you'll need to plug in the AC adapter. You can continue using the laptop
while it charges.

If your laptop has any peripherals, like external speakers, you may want to read the
instructions below. Laptops and desktops generally use the same types of connections, so the
same steps will still apply.
Setting up a desktop computer
Step 1
Unpack the monitor and computer case from the box. Remove any plastic covering or
protective tape. Place the monitor and computer case on a desk or work area.

Be sure to place your computer case in an area that is well ventilated and has good air flow.
This will help to prevent the computer from overheating.
Step 2
Locate the monitor cable. There are several types of monitor cables, so the one for your
computer may not look like the one in the image below.

If you're having trouble finding your monitor cable, refer to the instruction manual for your
computer. (If you have an all-in-one computer that's built into the monitor, you can skip
to Step 4).
Step 3
Connect one end of the cable to the monitor port on the back of the computer case and the
other end to the monitor. 
Many computer cables will only fit a specific way. If the cable doesn't fit, don't force it or you
might damage the connectors. Make sure the plug aligns with the port, then connect it.
Step 4
Unpack the keyboard and determine whether it uses a USB (rectangular) connector or
a PS/2 (round) connector. If it uses a USB connector, plug it into any of the USB ports on the
back of the computer. If it uses a PS/2 connector, plug it into the purple keyboard port on the
back of the computer.
Step 5
Unpack the mouse and determine whether it uses a USB or PS/2 connector. If it uses a USB
connector, plug it into any of the USB ports on the back of the computer. If it uses a PS/2
connector, plug it into the green mouse port on the back of the computer.
If your keyboard has a USB port, you can connect your mouse to the keyboard instead of
connecting it directly to your computer.
If you have a wireless mouse or keyboard, you may need to connect a Bluetooth dongle (USB
adapter) to your computer. However, many computers have built-in Bluetooth, so an adapter
may not be necessary.
Step 6
If you have external speakers or headphones, you can connect them to your computer's audio
port (either on the front or back of the computer case). Many computers have color-coded
ports. Speakers or headphones connect to the green port, and microphones connect to
the pink port. The blue port is the line in, which can be used with other types of devices.
Some speakers, headphones, and microphones have USB connectors instead of the usual audio
plug. These can be connected to any USB port. In addition, many computers have speakers or
microphones built into the monitor.
Step 7
Locate the two power supply cables that came with your computer. Plug the first power supply
cable into the back of the computer case and then into a surge protector. Then, using the other
cable, connect the monitor to the surge protector. 
You can also use an uninterruptable power supply (UPS), which acts as a surge protector and
provides temporary power if there is a power outage.
Step 8
Finally, plug the surge protector into a wall outlet. You may also need to turn on the surge
protector if it has a power switch. 
If you don't have a surge protector, you can plug the computer directly into the wall. However,
this is not recommended because electrical surges can damage your computer.
Step 9
If you have a printer, scanner, webcam, or other peripherals, you can connect them at this
point. Many peripherals are plug and play, which means they will be recognized by your
computer as soon as they are plugged in.
Other peripherals may include software that needs to be installed before you can begin using
them. Use the instructions included with the device to install it if necessary.
Generally, peripherals are optional, and you can add new ones at any time; you don't have to
add all peripherals during the initial setup of your computer.
Setup complete!
That's it—you've finished setting up your computer, so it's time to start using it! We'll talk more
about how to use your computer over the next several lessons.

 
Getting Started with Your First Computer
A computer is more than just another household appliance. The vast amount of information
and possibilities can be overwhelming. But you can accomplish a lot with a computer, and using
one can be a good experience. Let's walk through getting started with your first computer.
Turning on a computer for the first time can be different from one computer to the next. Your
experience could be different from this lesson. It's OK to ask someone for help.
If you're using a desktop computer, you'll need to make sure that the keyboard, mouse, and
monitor are plugged into the computer case before you continue.
Turning on a computer
The very first step is to turn on the computer. To do this, locate and press the power button.
It's in a different place on every computer, but it will have the universal power button symbol
(shown below).

Once turned on, your computer takes time before it's ready to use. You may see a few different
displays flash on the screen. This process is called booting up, and it can take anywhere from 15
seconds to several minutes.
Once the computer has booted up, it may be ready to use, or it may require you to log in. This
means identifying yourself by typing your user name or selecting your profile, then typing your
password. If you've never logged in to your computer before, you may need to create an
account.
The keyboard and mouse
You interact with a computer mainly by using the keyboard and mouse, or a trackpadon
laptops. Learning to use these devices is essential to learning to use a computer. Most people
find it comfortable to place the keyboard on the desk directly in front of them and the mouse to
one side of the keyboard.
The mouse controls the pointer on the screen. Whenever you move the mouse across the desk,
the pointer will move in a similar manner. A mouse usually has two buttons, which are referred
to as the left button and the right button. You will often interact with the computer by moving
the mouse pointer over something on the computer screen, then clicking one of the buttons.

On laptops, you can use the trackpad, located below the keyboard, instead of a mouse. Simply
drag your finger across the trackpad to move the pointer on the screen. Some trackpads do not
have buttons, so you'll either press or tap the trackpad to click.
The keyboard allows you to type letters, numbers, and words into the computer. Whenever you
see a flashing vertical line—called the cursor—you can start typing.

Note that the mouse pointer is also called a cursor, but it is shaped differently. The keyboard
cursor is also called the insertion point.
Using a computer
The main screen you'll start from is the desktop. This is sort of like a main menu or a table of
contents. From here, you can access the programs and features you need to use your
computer.
Icons are used to represent the different files, applications, and commands on your computer.
An icon is a small image that's intended to give you an idea at a glance of what it represents,
like a logo. Double-clicking an icon on the desktop will open that application or file.
A button is a command that performs a specific function within an application. The most
commonly used commands in a program will be represented by buttons.

Menus are organized collections of commands and shortcuts. Click a menu to open it and
display the commands and shortcuts within. Then click an item in the menu to execute it.
When you open an application or folder, it is displayed in its own window. A window is a
contained area—like a picture within a picture—with its own menus and buttons specific to
that program. You can rearrange multiple windows on the desktop and switch between them.
Getting to Know the OS
Getting to know your computer's OS
Now that you know the absolute basics of using a computer, it's time to learn more about
your computer's operating system. We'll be talking about the two most common operating
systems in this lesson: Microsoft Windows and macOS.
Getting to know the interface
Both PCs and Macs use a graphical user interface (GUI), and they each have their own look
and feel. The interactives below will introduce you to the Windows and Mac interfaces.
If you have difficulty seeing or hearing—or if you have trouble manipulating the mouse or
keyboard—there are many settings that can help make your computer easier to use. To learn
more,
All about your computer's file system
No matter which operating system you use, your computer uses folders to organize all of the
different files and applications it contains. Folder icons on your computer are designed to
look like file folders full of documents or pictures. 

Each operating system has its own file system, which helps you find your folders and files. If
you have a Windows PC, you'll use the File Explorer (also known as Windows Explorer). If you
have a Mac, you'll use Finder. Here, we'll talk about the basic functions that are common to
all computer file systems.
Opening your computer's file system
Whether you're using a PC or a Mac, the file system icon will be on the toolbar. On a PC,
the File Explorer icon looks like a folder, as in the image below. 

On a Mac, the Finder icon looks like a face on the Dock, as in the image below.

In both operating systems, you can also open the file system by clicking a folder from
your desktop.
Basic navigation
Whether you're using File Explorer or Finder, basic navigation will work the same way. If you
see the file you want, you can double-click it with your mouse. Otherwise, you can use
the Navigation pane on the left side of the window to select a different location. 
Deleting files
macOS and Windows use a Trash can—or Recycle Bin—to prevent you from accidentally
deleting files. When you delete a file, it is moved to the Trash can. If you change your mind,
you can move the file back to its original location.
If you want to permanently delete the file, you will need to empty the Trash or Recycle Bin.
To do this, right-click the icon and select Empty. 

Opening files and applications

Each application on your computer has a group of file types—or formats—it is able to open.
When you double-click a file, your computer will automatically use the correct application to
open it. In our example, we're opening a Microsoft Word document (Cover Letter), which will
open in Microsoft Word. 

However, there may be times you may want to open an application directly, instead of just
opening a file.
 To open an application in Windows, click the Start button, then select the desired
application. If you don't see the one you want, you can click All Programs/All Apps to
see a full list, scroll through the application list in Windows 10, or simply type the
name of the application on your keyboard to search for it. In the example below,
we're opening Microsoft Edge from the tiles.
 To open an application on a Mac, click the application's icon on the Dock. If you don't
see the one you want, click the Spotlight icon in the top-right corner of the screen,
then type the name of the application on your keyboard to search for it. In the
example below, we're opening Safari.
Adjusting your computer's settings
When you start using a new computer, you may want to begin by adjusting the computer's
settings. Adjusting your settings can range from simple tasks such as changing your desktop
background to more advanced tasks like adjusting your security or keyboard settings.
 In Windows 10, click the Start button, then select Settings.
 In Windows 8.1 and earlier, click the Start button, then locate and select the Control

Panel.
  On a Mac, click the Apple icon, then select System Preferences.

Shutting down your computer

When you're done using your computer, it's important to shut it down properly.
 To shut down Windows, click the Start button, then select Shut down from the menu
(in some versions, this may say Turn Off Computer or look like the power symbol).

 To shut down a Mac, click the Apple icon, then select Shut Down.

Computer Basics -
 
Keeping Your Computer Clean
Keeping your computer physically clean
Dust isn't just unattractive—it can potentially damage or even destroy parts of your computer.
Cleaning your computer regularly will help you keep it working properlyand avoid expensive
repairs.
Cleaning the keyboard
Dust, food, liquid, and other particles can get stuck underneath the keys on your keyboard,
which can prevent it from working properly. The basic cleaning tips below can help keep your
keyboard clean.
1. Unplug the keyboard from the USB or PS/2 port. If the keyboard is plugged into the PS/2
port, you will need to shut down the computer before unplugging it.
2. Turn the keyboard upside down and gently shake it to remove dirt and dust.
3. Use a can of compressed air to clean between the keys.

4. Moisten a cotton cloth or paper towel with rubbing alcohol and use it to clean the tops
of the keys. Do not pour alcohol or any other liquid directly onto the keys.
 5. Reconnect the keyboard to the computer once it is dry. If you are connecting it to a PS/2
port, you will need to connect it before turning on the computer.
Dealing with liquids
If you spill liquid on the keyboard, quickly shut down the computer and disconnect the
keyboard. Then turn the keyboard upside down and allow the liquid to drain.
If the liquid is sticky, you will need to hold the keyboard on its side under running water
to rinse away the sticky liquid. Then turn the keyboard upside down to drain for two days
before reconnecting it. Please note that the keyboard may not be fixable at this point, but the
method above is probably the best option.
To prevent this situation altogether, we recommend keeping drinks away from the computer
area.
Cleaning the mouse
There are two main mouse types: optical and mechanical. Each is cleaned in basically the same
way, although the mechanical mouse requires a bit more work.
 Optical mice require no internal cleaning because they do not contain any rotating
parts; however, they can get sticky over time as dust collects near the light emitter. This
can cause erratic cursor movement or prevent the mouse from working properly.
  Mechanical mice are especially susceptible to dust and particles that can accumulate
inside the mouse, which can make it difficult to track—or move—properly. If the mouse
pointer does not move smoothly, the mouse may need to be cleaned.

The basic cleaning tips below will help keep your mouse clean:

 1. Unplug the mouse from the USB or PS/2 port. If the mouse is plugged into the PS/2 port,
you will need to shut down the computer before unplugging it.
2. Moisten a cotton cloth with rubbing alcohol, and use it to clean the top and bottom of
the mouse.
3. If you have a mechanical mouse, remove the tracking ball by turning the ball-cover
ring counter-clockwise. Then clean the tracking ball and the inside of the mouse with
a cotton cloth moistened with rubbing alcohol.
4. Allow all of the parts to dry before reassembling and reconnecting the mouse. If you
are connecting it to a PS/2 port, you will need to connect it before turning on the
computer.
If you just want to give the mouse a quick cleaning, place it on a clean sheet of paper and move
the mouse back and forth. Some of the dust and particles should rub off onto the paper.
Cleaning the monitor
Dirt, fingerprints, and dust can make your computer screen difficult to read; however, it's easy
to clean your screen when needed. There are monitor-cleaning kits you can buy, but they may
damage your monitor if they're designed for a different type of monitor. For example, a
monitor cleaner that is designed for glass screens may not work with some non-glass LCD
screens. The safest method is simply to use a soft clean clothmoistened with water.

Do not use glass cleaner to clean a monitor. Many screens have anti-glare coatings that can be
damaged by glass cleaner.
 1. Turn off the computer.
2. Unplug the monitor from the power. If you are using a laptop, unplug the laptop.
3. Use a soft clean cloth moistened with water to wipe the screen clean.
Do not spray any liquids directly onto the screen. The liquid could leak into the monitor and
damage the internal components.
Tips for cleaning other computer surfaces
From time to time, you should clean your computer case and the sides and back of the monitor
to avoid a buildup of dust and dirt. Here are a few tips you can use when cleaning these
surfaces.
 Dust is your computer's main enemy. Use an anti-static cloth to lightly dust your
computer casing. Do not use furniture cleaners or strong solvents.
 Use a can of compressed air to blow out debris from the air intake slots.

 Ammonia diluted with water—or glass cleaner comprised mostly of ammonia and

water—is a safe cleaning solution for computer surfaces. The milder the solution, the
better.
 Clean the monitor housing and case (but not the monitor screen) by spraying a safe
cleaning solution onto a paper towel or anti-static cloth and wiping in a downward
motion.
Keep it cool
Don't restrict airflow around your computer. A computer can generate a lot of heat, so the
casing has fans that keep it from overheating. Avoid stacking papers, books, and other items
around your computer.
Many computer desks have an enclosed compartment for the computer case. If you have this
type of desk, you may want to position the case so it is not against the back side of the desk. If
the compartment has a door, you may want to leave it open to improve airflow.
Computer Basics -
 
Protecting Your Computer
Protecting your computer
Your computer faces many potential threats, including viruses, malware, and hard drive
failure. This is why it's important to do everything you can to protect your computer and your
files.
Watch the video below to learn how to protect your computer from viruses, as well as how to
back up your files. 
Safeguarding against malware
Malware is any type of software that is designed to damage your computer or
gain unauthorized access to your personal information. It includes viruses, worms, Trojan
horses, and spyware. Most malware is distributed over the Internet and is often bundled with
other software.
The best way to guard against malware is to install antivirus software, such
as Bitdefender, Norton, or Kaspersky. Antivirus software helps to prevent malware from being
installed, and it can also remove malware from your computer. 
It's also important to stay smart when you're browsing the Web or using email. If a website or
email attachment looks suspicious, trust your instincts. Keep in mind that your antivirus
program may not catch everything, so it's best to avoid downloading anything that might
contain malware.
Backing up your computer
Imagine what would happen if your computer suddenly stopped working. Would you lose any
important documents, photos, or other files? It may be possible to repair your computer, but
your files may be lost forever. Luckily, you can prevent this by creating backup copies of all of
your files (or just the important ones) on an external hard driveor an online backup service.
External hard drives

You can purchase an external hard drive and copy the contents of your computer to it.
The initial backup could take several hours, so you will need to select a period of time when
you do not need access to your computer. Running the backup overnight usually works best.
Follow-up backups should be conducted on a regular basis, but they should not take as long.
One drawback is that an external hard drive can be lost, damaged, or stolen—just as your
computer might be. This is why it's important to keep your drive in a secure location when not
in use.
Online backup services

You can also back up your files to an online backup service like Mozy, Carbonite, or Box. These
services will back up your your files in the cloud, which means you'll be able to recover them
from any computer with an Internet connection. The amount of storage provided by these sites
varies, and you will probably need to pay a fee for adequate storage space.
One drawback to online backup services is that the initial backup can be slow and may even
take days to upload if you have a lot of files. However, subsequent backups should not take as
long.
Other maintenance techniques
To keep your computer running smoothly, it's important to keep files and folders uncluttered.
Cluttered or unorganized folders make it more difficult to find the files you need. Additionally,
unwanted files can eventually fill up your hard drive, which will make your computer slower
and more difficult to use. Here are a few things you can do to delete unwanted files and
improve your computer's performance.
 Delete files: If you have any unwanted files, you can delete them manually. To do this,
drag them to the Recycle Bin or Trash, then empty it to permanently delete the files.
 Run the Disk Defragmenter: Windows includes a Disk Defragmenterprogram in the
Control Panel. If your computer is running slowly, running Disk Defragmenter can help
to speed it up.

 Run a Disk Cleanup: Windows also includes a Disk Cleanup program in the Control

Panel. It scans your computer for temporary files and other files that can be deleted.
You can then delete the files to free up space on your hard drive.
Computer Basics -
 
Basic Troubleshooting Techniques
Troubleshooting
Do you know what to do if your screen goes blank? What if you can't seem to close an
application, or can't hear any sound from your speakers? Whenever you have a problem with
your computer, don't panic! There are many basic troubleshooting techniques you can use to
fix issues like this. In this lesson, we'll show you some simple things to try when
troubleshooting, as well as how to solve common problems you may encounter.
General tips to keep in mind
There are many different things that could cause a problem with your computer. No matter
what's causing the issue, troubleshooting will always be a process of trial and error—in some
cases, you may need to use several different approaches before you can find a solution; other
problems may be easy to fix. We recommend starting by using the following tips.
  Write down your steps: Once you start troubleshooting, you may want to write
down each step you take. This way, you'll be able to remember exactly what you've
done and can avoid repeating the same mistakes. If you end up asking other people for
help, it will be much easier if they know exactly what you've tried already.
 Take notes about error messages: If your computer gives you an error message, be sure
to write down as much information as possible. You may be able to use this information
later to find out if other people are having the same error.
 Always check the cables: If you're having trouble with a specific piece of
computer hardware, such as your monitor or keyboard, an easy first step is to check all
related cables to make sure they're properly connected.

 Restart the computer: When all else fails, restarting the computer is a good thing to try.
This can solve a lot of basic issues you may experience with your computer.
Using the process of elimination
If you're having an issue with your computer, you may be able to find out what's wrong
using the process of elimination. This means you'll make a list of things that could be causing
the problem and then test them out one by one to eliminate them. Once you've identified the
source of your computer issue, it will be easier to find a solution.
Scenario:
Let's say you're trying to print out invitations for a birthday party, but the printer won't print.
You have some ideas about what could be causing this, so you go through them one by one to
see if you can eliminate any possible causes.
First, you check the printer to see that it's turned on and plugged in to the surge protector. It is,
so that's not the issue. Next, you check to make sure the printer's ink cartridge still has ink and
that there is paper loaded in the paper tray. Things look good in both cases, so you know the
issue has nothing to do with ink or paper.
Now you want to make sure the printer and computer are communicating correctly. If you
recently downloaded an update to your operating system, it might interfere with the printer.
But you know there haven't been any recent updates and the printer was working yesterday, so
you'll have to look elsewhere.
You check the printer's USB cord and find that it's not plugged in. You must have unplugged it
accidentally when you plugged something else into the computer earlier. Once you plug in the
USB cord, the printer starts working again. It looks like this printer issue is solved!
This is just one example of an issue you might encounter while using a computer. In the rest of
this lesson, we'll talk about other common computer problems and some ways to solve them.
Simple solutions to common problems
Most of the time, problems can be fixed using simple troubleshooting techniques,
like closing and reopening the program. It's important to try these simple solutions before
resorting to more extreme measures. If the problem still isn't fixed, you can try other
troubleshooting techniques.
Problem: Power button will not start computer
 Solution 1: If your computer does not start, begin by checking the power cord to
confirm that it is plugged securely into the back of the computer case and the power
outlet.
 Solution 2: If it is plugged into an outlet, make sure it is a working outlet. To check your
outlet, you can plug in another electrical device, such as a lamp.
 Solution 3: If the computer is plugged in to a surge protector, verify that it is turned on.
You may have to reset the surge protector by turning it off and then back on. You can
also plug a lamp or other device into the surge protector to verify that it's working
correctly.
  Solution 4: If you are using a laptop, the battery may not be charged. Plug the AC
adapter into the wall, then try to turn on the laptop. If it still doesn't start up, you may
need to wait a few minutes and try again.

Problem: An application is running slowly

 Solution 1: Close and reopen the application.
 Solution 2: Update the application. To do this, click the Help menu and look for an
option to check for Updates. If you don't find this option, another idea is to run an
online search for application updates.
Problem: An application is frozen
Sometimes an application may become stuck, or frozen. When this happens, you won't be able
to close the window or click any buttons within the application.
 Solution 1: Force quit the application. On a PC, you can press (and
hold) Ctrl+Alt+Delete (the Control, Alt, and Delete keys) on your keyboard to open
the Task Manager. On a Mac, press and hold Command+Option+Esc. You can then
select the unresponsive application and click End task (or Force Quit on a Mac) to close
it.

 Solution 2: Restart the computer. If you are unable to force quit an

application, restarting your computer will close all open apps.
Problem: All programs on the computer run slowly
  Solution 1: Run a virus scanner. You may have malware running in the background that
is slowing things down.

 Solution 2: Your computer may be running out of hard drive space. Try deleting any files
or programs you don't need.
 Solution 3: If you're using a PC, you can run Disk Defragmenter. To learn more
about Disk Defragmenter, Problem: The computer is frozen
Sometimes your computer may become completely unresponsive, or frozen. When this
happens, you won't be able to click anywhere on the screen, open or close applications, or
access shut-down options.
 Solution 1 (Windows only): Restart Windows Explorer. To do this, press and
hold Ctrl+Alt+Delete on your keyboard to open the Task Manager. Next, locate and
select Windows Explorer from the Processes tab and click Restart. You may need to
click More Details at the bottom of the window to see the Processes tab.
 Solution 2 (Mac only): Restart Finder. To do this, press and
hold Command+Option+Esc on your keyboard to open the Force Quit
Applications dialog box. Next, locate and select Finder, then click Relaunch.
  Solution 3: Press and hold the Power button. The Power button is usually located on the
front or side of the computer, typically indicated by the power symbol. Press and hold
the Power button for 5 to 10 seconds to force the computer to shut down.
 Solution 4: If the computer still won't shut down, you can unplug the power cable from
the electrical outlet. If you're using a laptop, you may be able to remove the battery to
force the computer to turn off. Note: This solution should be your last resort after trying
the other suggestions above.
Problem: The mouse or keyboard has stopped working
 Solution 1: If you're using a wired mouse or keyboard, make sure it's correctly plugged
into the computer.
  Solution 2: If you're using a wireless mouse or keyboard, make sure it's turned on and
that its batteries are charged.
Problem: The sound isn't working
 Solution 1: Check the volume level. Click the audio button in the top-right or bottom-
right corner of the screen to make sure the sound is turned on and that the volume is
up.
 Solution 2: Check the audio player controls. Many audio and video players will have
their own separate audio controls. Make sure the sound is turned on and that the
volume is turned up in the player.
 Solution 3: Check the cables. Make sure external speakers are plugged in, turned on,
and connected to the correct audio port or a USB port. If your computer has color-
coded ports, the audio output port will usually be green.
 Solution 4: Connect headphones to the computer to find out if you can hear sound
through the headphones.
Problem: The screen is blank
 Solution 1: The computer may be in Sleep mode. Click the mouse or press any key on
the keyboard to wake it.
 Solution 2: Make sure the monitor is plugged in and turned on.
 Solution 3: Make sure the computer is plugged in and turned on.
 Solution 4: If you're using a desktop, make sure the monitor cable is properly connected
to the computer tower and the monitor.
Solving more difficult problems
If you still haven't found a solution to your problem, you may need to ask someone else for
help. As an easy starting point, we'd recommend searching the Web. It's possible that other
users have had similar problems, and solutions to these problems are often posted online. Also,
if you have a friend or family member who knows a lot about computers, they may be able to
help you. 
Keep in mind that most computer problems have simple solutions, although it may take some
time to find them. For difficult problems, a more drastic solution may be required, like
reformatting your hard drive or reinstalling your operating system. If you think you might need
a solution like this, we recommend consulting a professionalfirst. If you're not a computer
expert, it's possible that attempting these solutions could make the situation worse.
 
Getting to Know Word
Introduction
Word 2013 is a word processing application that allows you to create a variety
of documents like letters, flyers, and reports. With the introduction of several enhanced
features—including the ability to create and collaborate on documents online—Word 2013
gives you the ability to do more with your word processing projects.

Getting to know Word 2013

Word 2013 is similar to Word 2010. If you've previously used Word 2010, then Word 2013
should feel familiar. But if you are new to Word or have more experience with older versions,
you should first take some time to become familiar with the Word 2013 interface.
The Word interface
When you open Word 2013 for the first time, the Word Start Screen will appear. From here,
you'll be able to create a new document, choose a template, or access your recently edited
documents.
 From the Word Start Screen, locate and select Blank document to access the Word
interface.
Working with the Word environment
If you've previously used Word 2010 or 2007, then Word 2013 should feel familiar. It continues
to use features like the Ribbon and the Quick Access toolbar—where you will find commands
to perform common tasks in Word—as well as Backstage view.
The Ribbon
Word 2013 uses a tabbed Ribbon system instead of traditional menus.
The Ribboncontains multiple tabs, each with several groups of commands. You will use these
tabs to perform the most common tasks in Word.
arrow_back_ios


The Home tab gives you access to some of the most commonly used commands for working
with Word 2013, including copying and pasting, formatting, aligning paragraphs,
and choosing document styles. The Home tab is selected by default whenever you open Word.


The Insert tab allows you to insert pictures, charts, tables, shapes, cover pages, and more to

your document, which can help you communicate information visually and add style to your
document.


The Design tab gives you access to a variety of design tools, including document

formatting, effects, and page borders, which can give your document a polished look.


The Page Layout tab allows you to change the print formatting of your document,

including margin width, page orientation, and page breaks. These commands will be especially
helpful when preparing to print a document.
 

The References tab allows you add annotations to your document, such

as footnotes and citations. From here, you can also add a table of contents, captions, and
a bibliography. These commands are especially helpful when composing academic papers.


You can use the mail merge feature in the Mailings tab to quickly compose letters, address

envelopes, and create labels. This is especially useful when you need to send a letter to several
recipients.


You can use the Review tab to access Word's powerful editing features, including

adding comments and tracking changes. These features make it easy
to share and collaborate on documents.


The View tab allows you to switch between different views for your document and split the
screen to view two parts of your document at once. These commands will also be helpful when
preparing to print a document.
 

Contextual tabs will appear on the Ribbon when you're working with certain items, such
as tables and pictures. These tabs contain special command groups that can help you format
these items as needed.
arrow_back_ios
Certain programs, such as Adobe Acrobat Reader, may install additional tabs to the Ribbon.
These tabs are called add-ins.
To minimize and maximize the Ribbon:
The Ribbon is designed to respond to your current task, but you can choose to minimizethe
Ribbon if you find that it takes up too much screen space.
1. Click the Ribbon Display Options arrow in the upper-right corner of the Ribbon.

2. Select the desired minimizing option from the drop-down menu:

o Auto-hide Ribbon: Auto-hide displays your document in full-screen mode and
completely hides the Ribbon from view. To show the Ribbon, click the Expand
Ribbon command at the top of screen.
 o Show tabs: This option hides all command groups when not in use, but tabs will
remain visible. To show the Ribbon, simply click a tab.

o Show tabs and commands: This option maximizes the Ribbon. All of the tabs and
commands will be visible. This option is selected by default when you open Word
for the first time.
The Quick Access toolbar
Located just above the Ribbon, the Quick Access toolbar lets you access common commands
no matter which tab is selected. By default, it shows the Save, Undo, and Repeat commands.
You can add other commands depending on your preference.
To add commands to the Quick Access toolbar:
1. Click the drop-down arrow to the right of the Quick Access toolbar.
2. Select the command you want to add from the drop-down menu. To choose from more
commands, select More Commands.
 3. The command will be added to the Quick Access toolbar.

The Ruler
The Ruler is located at the top and to the left of your document. It makes it easier
to adjust your document with precision. If you want, you can hide the Ruler to create more
screen space.
To show or hide the Ruler:
1. Click the View tab.
2. Click the checkbox next to Ruler to show   or hide   the ruler.

Backstage view
Backstage view gives you various options for saving, opening a file, printing, and sharing your
document.
To access Backstage view:
1. Click the File tab on the Ribbon. Backstage view will appear.

Click the buttons in the interactive below to learn more about using Backstage view.
Document views
Word 2013 has a variety of viewing options that change how your document is displayed. You
can choose to view your document in Read Mode, Print Layout, or Web Layout. These views
can be useful for various tasks, especially if you're planning to print the document.
 To change document views, locate and select the desired document view command in
the bottom-right corner of the Word window.
Click the arrows in the slideshow below to review the different document view options.
arrow_back_ios


Read Mode: In this view, all of the editing commands are hidden so your document fills the
screen. Arrows appear on the left and right side of the screen so you can toggle through the
pages of your document.
 

Print Mode: This is the default view, where you create and edit your document. There are page
breaks in between each page, indicating how your document will look when printed.
 

Web Layout: This view removes page breaks. It can help you visualize how your document will
display as a webpage.
arrow_back_ios
If your document has many pages, Word 2013 has a handy new feature called Resume
Reading that allows you to open your document to the last page you were viewing. When
opening a saved document, look for the bookmark icon to appear on the screen. Hover the
mouse over the bookmark, and Word will ask if you want to pick up where you left off.
Challenge!
1. Open or navigate to the Word 2013 interface.
2. Click through all of the tabs, and review the commands on the Ribbon.
3. Try minimizing and maximizing the Ribbon.
4. Add a command to the Quick Access toolbar.
5. Hide and show the Ruler.
6. Navigate to Backstage view, and open your Account settings.
7. Try switching document views.
8. Close Word (you do not have to save the document).
 
 
Creating and Opening Documents
Introduction
Word files are called documents. Whenever you start a new project in Word, you'll need
to create a new document, which can either be blank or from a template. You'll also need to
know how to open an existing document.

To create a new blank document:

When beginning a new project in Word, you'll often want to start with a new blank document.
1. Select the File tab. Backstage view will appear.

2. Select New, then click Blank document.

 3. A new blank document will appear.
To open an existing document:
In addition to creating new documents, you'll often need to open a document that was
previously saved. To learn more about saving a document, visit our lesson on Saving and
Sharing Documents.
1. Navigate to Backstage view, then click Open.
2. Select Computer, then click Browse. Alternatively, you can choose OneDrive (previously
known as SkyDrive) to open files stored on your OneDrive.

3. The Open dialog box appears. Locate and select your document, then click Open.

If you've opened the desired presentation recently, you can browse your Recent
Documents rather than search for the file.
Word 2013 also allows you to open existing PDF files as editable documents. This is useful when
you want to modify a PDF file. Read our guide on Editing PDF Files for more information.
To pin a document:
If you frequently work with the same document, you can pin it to Backstage view for quick
access.
1. Navigate to Backstage view, then click Open. Your recently edited documents will
appear.
2. Hover the mouse over the document you want to pin. A pushpin icon will appear next
to the document. Click the pushpin icon.

3. The document will stay in Recent Documents. To unpin a document, click the pushpin
icon again.
You can also pin folders to Backstage view for quick access. From Backstage view,
click Open and locate the folder you want to pin, then click the pushpin icon.

Using templates
A template is a predesigned document you can use to create a new document quickly.
Templates often include custom formatting and designs, so they can save you a lot of time and
effort when starting a new project.
To create a new document from a template:
1. Click the File tab to access Backstage view.

2. Select New. Several templates will appear below the Blank documentoption.

3. Select a template to review it.
4. A preview of the template will appear, along with additional informationon how the
template can be used.
5. Click Create to use the selected template.
 6. A new workbook will appear with the selected template.
You can also browse templates by category or use the search bar to find something more
specific.
It's important to note that not all templates are created by Microsoft. Many are created by
third-party providers and even individual users, so some templates may work better than
others.
Compatibility mode
Sometimes you may need to work with documents that were created in earlier versions of
Microsoft Word, such as Word 2010 or Word 2007. When you open these types of documents,
they will appear in Compatibility mode.
Compatibility mode disables certain features, so you'll only be able to access commands found
in the program that was used to create the document. For example, if you open a document
created in Word 2007 you can only use tabs and commands found in Word 2007.
In the image below, you can see how Compatibility mode can affect which commands are
available. Because the document on the left is in Compatibility mode, it only shows commands
that were available in Word 2007.
To exit Compatibility mode, you'll need to convert the document to the current version type.
However, if you're collaborating with others who only have access to an earlier version of
Word, it's best to leave the document in Compatibility mode so the format will not change.
You can review this support page from Microsoft to learn more about which features are
disabled in Compatibility mode.
To convert a document:
If you want access to all Word 2013 features, you can convert the document to the 2013 file
format.
Note that converting a file may cause some changes to the original layoutof the document.
1. Click the File tab to access Backstage view.

2. Locate and select the Convert command.

 3. A dialog box will appear. Click OK to confirm the file upgrade.

4. The document will be converted to the newest file type.

Challenge!
1. Create a new blank document.
2. Open an existing document from your computer or OneDrive.
3. Pin a folder to Backstage view.
4. Create a new document using a template.
 
Saving and Sharing Documents
Introduction
When you create a new document in Word, you'll need to know how to save it so you can
access and edit it later. As with previous versions of Word, you can save files to your computer.
If you prefer, you can also save files to the cloud using OneDrive. You can
even export and share documents directly from Word.

Save and Save As

Word offers two ways to save a file: Save and Save As. These options work in similar ways, with
a few important differences:
 Save: When you create or edit a document, you'll use the Save command to save your
changes. You'll use this command most of the time. When you save a file, you'll only
need to choose a file name and location the first time. After that, you can click the Save
command to save it with the same name and location.
 Save As: You'll use this command to create a copy of a document while keeping the
original. When you use Save As, you'll need to choose a different name and/or location
for the copied version.
To save a document:
It's important to save your document whenever you start a new project or make changes to an
existing one. Saving early and often can prevent your work from being lost. You'll also need to
pay close attention to where you save the document so it will be easy to find later.
1. Locate and select the Save command on the Quick Access toolbar.

2. If you're saving the file for the first time, the Save As pane will appear
in Backstage view.
3. You'll then need to choose where to save the file and give it a file name. To save the
document to your computer, select Computer, then click Browse. Alternatively, you can
click OneDrive to save the file to your OneDrive.

4. The Save As dialog box will appear. Select the location where you want to save the
document.
5. Enter a file name for the document, then click Save.
 6. The document will be saved. You can click the Save command again to save your
changes as you modify the document.
You can also access the Save command by pressing Ctrl+S on your keyboard.
Using Save As to make a copy
If you want to save a different version of a document while keeping the original, you can create
a copy. For example, if you have a file named Sales Report, you could save it as Sales Report
2 so you'll be able to edit the new file and still refer back to the original version.
To do this, you'll click the Save As command in Backstage view. Just like when saving a file for
the first time, you'll need to choose where to save the file and give it a new file name.
To change the default save location:
If you don't want to use OneDrive, you may be frustrated that OneDrive is selected as the
default location when saving. If you find it inconvenient to select Computer each time, you can
change the default save location so Computer is selected by default.
1. Click the File tab to access Backstage view.

2. Click Options.
 3. The Word Options dialog box will appear. Select Save, check the box next to Save to
Computer by default, then click OK. The default save location will be changed.

AutoRecover
Word automatically saves your documents to a temporary folder while you are working on
them. If you forget to save your changes or if Word crashes, you can restore the file
using AutoRecover.
To use AutoRecover:
 1. Open Word 2013. If autosaved versions of a file are found,
the DocumentRecovery pane will appear.
2. Click to open an available file. The document will be recovered.

By default, Word autosaves every 10 minutes. If you are editing a document for less than 10
minutes, Word may not create an autosaved version.
If you don't see the file you need, you can browse all autosaved files from Backstage view.
Select the File tab, click Manage Versions, then chooseRecover Unsaved Documents.
Exporting documents
Be default, Word documents are saved in the .docx file type. However, there may be times
when you need to use another file type, such as a PDF or Word 97-2003 document. It's easy
to export your document from Word in a variety of file types.
To export a document as a PDF file:
Exporting your document as an Adobe Acrobat document, commonly known as a PDF file, can
be especially useful if you're sharing a document with someone who does not have Word. A
PDF file will make it possible for recipients to view—but not edit—the content of your
document.
1. Click the File tab to access Backstage view.
2. Click Export, then select Create PDF/XPS.
3. The Save As dialog box will appear. Select the location where you want to export the
document, enter a file name, then click Publish.
By default, Word will export all of the pages in the document. If you want to export only
the current page, click Options in the Save as dialog box. The Options dialog box will appear.
Select Current page, then click OK.

If you need to edit a PDF file, Word allows you to convert a PDF file into an editable document.
Read our guide on Editing PDF Files for more information.
To export a document in other file types:
You may also find it helpful to export your document in other file types, such as a Word 97-
2003 Document if you need to share with people using an older version of Word, or a .txt file if
you need a plain text version of your document.
1. Click the File tab to access Backstage view.
2. Click Export, then select Change File Type.
3. Select a file type, then click Save As.
 4. The Save As dialog box will appear. Select the location where you want to export the
document, enter a file name, then click Save.

You can also use the Save as type: drop-down menu in the Save As dialog box to save
documents in a variety of file types.
Sharing documents
Word 2013 makes it easy to share and collaborate on documents using OneDrive. In the past, if
you wanted to share a file with someone you could send it as an email attachment. While
convenient, this system also creates multiple versions of the same file, which can be difficult to
organize.
When you share a document from Word 2013, you're actually giving others access to the exact
same file. This lets you and the people you share with edit the same documentwithout having
to keep track of multiple versions.
In order to share a document, it must first be saved to your OneDrive.
To share a document:
1. Click the File tab to access Backstage view, then click Share.
 2. The Share pane will appear.
Click the buttons in the interactive below to learn more about different ways to share a
document.

Challenge!
1. Create a new blank document.
2. Use the Save command to save the document to your desktop.
3. Save the document to OneDrive and invite someone else to view it.
4. Export the document as a PDF file.
Word 2013 -
 
Text Basics
Introduction
If you're new to Microsoft Word, you'll need to learn the basics of working with text so you can
type, reorganize, and edit text. Basic tasks include the ability to add, delete, and move text, as
well as the ability to find and replace specific words or phrases.

Optional: Download our practice document.

Using the insertion point to add text
The insertion point is the blinking vertical line in your document. It indicates where you can
enter text on the page. You can use the insertion point in a variety of ways:
 Blank document: When a new blank document opens, the insertion point is located in
the top-left corner of the page. If you want, you can begin typing from this location.

 Adding spaces: Press the spacebar to add spaces after a word or in between text.

 New paragraph line: Press Enter on your keyboard to move the insertion point to the
next paragraph line.

 Manual placement: After you've started typing, you can use the mouse to move the
insertion point to a specific place in your document. Simply click the location in the text
where you want to place it.
In a new blank document, you can double-click the mouse to move the insertion point
elsewhere on the page.
To select text:
Before applying formatting to text, you'll first need to select it.
1. Place the insertion point next to the text you want to select.
2. Click the mouse, and while holding it down drag your mouse over the text to select it.
3. Release the mouse button. You have selected the text. A highlighted boxwill appear
over the selected text.

When you select text or images in Word, a hover toolbar with command shortcuts appears. If
the toolbar does not appear at first, try moving the mouse over the selection.

Other shortcuts include double-clicking a word to select it and triple-clicking to select a

sentence or paragraph. You can also select all of the text in the document by pressing Ctrl+A on
your keyboard.
To delete text:
There are several ways to delete—or remove—text:
 To delete text to the left of the insertion point, press the Backspace key on your
keyboard.
 To delete text to the right of the insertion point, press the Delete key on your keyboard.
 Select the text you want to remove, then press the Delete key.
If you select text and start typing, the selected text will automatically be deleted and replaced
with the new text.
Copying and moving text
Word allows you to copy text that is already in your document and paste it to other areas of
the document, which can save you time. If there is text you want to move from one area of the
document to another, you can cut and paste or drag and drop the text.
To copy and paste text:
Copying text creates a duplicate of the text.
1. Select the text you want to copy.

2. Click the Copy command on the Home tab. You can also right-click the selected text and
select Copy.

3. Place the insertion point where you want the text to appear.
 4. Click the Paste command on the Home tab.

5. The text will appear.

To cut and paste text:

1. Select the text you want to cut.
2. Click the Cut command on the Home tab. You can also right-click the selected text and
select Cut.

3. Place your insertion point where you want the text to appear.

4. Click the Paste command on the Home tab. The text will appear.

You can access the cut, copy, and paste commands by using keyboard shortcuts. Press Ctrl+X to
cut, Ctrl+C to copy, and Ctrl+V to paste.
You can also cut, copy, and paste by right-clicking your document and choosing the desired
action from the drop-down menu. When you use this method to paste, you can choose from
three options that determine how the text will be formatted: Keep Source Formatting, Merge
Formatting, and Keep Text Only. You can hover the mouse over each icon to see what it will
look like before you select it.

To drag and drop text:

Dragging and dropping text allows you to use the mouse to move text.
 1. Select the text you want to move.

2. Click and drag the text to the location where you want it to appear. The cursor will have

a rectangle under it to indicate that you are moving text.

3. Release the mouse button, and the text will appear.

If text does not appear in the exact location you want, you can press the Enter key on your
keyboard to move the text to a new line.
Find and Replace
When you're working with longer documents, it can be difficult and time consuming to locate a
specific word or phrase. Word can automatically search your document using the Find feature,
and it allows you to quickly change words or phrases using Replace.
To find text:
In our example, we've written an academic paper and will use the Find command to locate all
references to a particular author's last name.
1. From the Home tab, click the Find command.

2. The navigation pane will appear on the left side of the screen.

3. Type the text you want to find in the field at the top of the navigation pane. In our
example, we'll type the author's last name.
4. If the text is found in the document, it will be highlighted in yellow, and apreview of the
results will appear in the navigation pane.
5. If the text appears more than once, choose a review option to review each instance.
When an instance of the text is selected, it will highlight in gray:

o Arrows: Use the arrows to move through the results one at a time.

o Results previews: Select a result preview to jump directly to the location of a
specific result in your document.
 6. When you are finished, click the X to close the navigation pane. The highlighting will
disappear.

You can also access the Find command by pressing Ctrl+F on your keyboard.
For more search options, click the drop-down arrow next to the search field.
To replace text:
At times, you may discover that you've made a mistake repeatedly throughout your document
—such as misspelling a person's name—or that you need to exchange a particular word or
phrase for another. You can use Word's Find and Replace feature to quickly make revisions. In
our example, we'll use Find and Replace to change the title of a magazine so it is abbreviated.
1. From the Home tab, click the Replace command.

2. The Find and Replace dialog box will appear.

3. Type the text you want to find in the Find what: field.
4. Type the text you want to replace it with in the Replace with: field. Then click Find Next.
5. Word will find the first instance of the text and highlight it in gray.
6. Review the text to make sure you want to replace it. In our example, the text is part of
the title of the paper and does not need to be replaced. We'll click Find Next again.

7. Word will jump to the next instance of the text. If you want to replace it, select one of
the replace options:
o Replace will replace individual instances of text. In our example, we'll choose this
option.
o Replace All will replace every instance of the text throughout the document.
 8. The selected text will be replaced.

9. When you're done, click X to close the dialog box.

You can also access the Find and Replace command by pressing Ctrl+H on your keyboard.
For more search options, click More in the Find and Replace dialog box. From here, you can
select additional search options, such as matching case and ignoring punctuation.
Challenge!
1. Open an existing Word 2013 document. If you want, you can use our practice
document.
2. Select some text to delete. If you're using the example, delete the last sentence of the
second paragraph.
3. Copy and paste some text. If you're using the example, copy the last
name Charlesbois from the email address at the top of the page and paste it
after Maurice in the third paragraph.
4. Cut and paste some text. If you're using the example, cut the first sentence of the
second paragraph and paste it after the first sentence in the first paragraph.
5. Select a phrase to drag and drop to a new location in the document. If you're using the
example, drag the phrase from 6:30-9:00 pm and drop it after The event will take place.
6. Find and replace a word in the document. If you're using the example, find and
replace Mrs with Ms.
 
 
Formatting Text
Introduction
Formatted text can draw the reader's attention to specific parts of a document and emphasize
important information. In Word, you have several options for adjusting the font of your text,
including size, color, and inserting special symbols. You can also adjust the alignment of the
text to change how it is displayed on the page.

To change the font:

By default, the font of each new document is set to Calibri. However, Word provides many
other fonts you can use to customize text and titles.
1. Select the text you want to modify.
2. On the Home tab, click the drop-down arrow next to the Font box. A menu of font
styles will appear.
3. Move the mouse over the various font styles. A live preview of the font will appear in
the document. Select the font style you want to use.

4. The font will change in the document.

When creating a professional document or a document that contains multiple paragraphs,
you'll want to select a font that's easy to read. Along with Calibri, standard reading fonts
include Cambria, Times New Roman, and Arial.
To change the font size:
1. Select the text you want to modify.
2. Select the desired font size formatting option:
o Font size drop-down arrow: On the Home tab, click the Font size drop-down
arrow. A menu of font sizes will appear. When you move the mouse over the
various font sizes, a live preview of the font size will appear in the document.

o Font size box: When the font size you need is not available in the Font size drop-
down arrow, you can click the Font size box and typethe desired font size, then
press Enter.

o Grow and shrink font commands: Click the Grow Font or Shrink Font commands

to change the font size.
 3. The font size will change in the document.

To change the font color:

1. Select the text you want to modify.
2. On the Home tab, click the Font Color drop-down arrow. The Font Colormenu appears.
3. Move the mouse over the various font colors. A live preview of the color will appear in
the document.

4. Select the font color you want to use. The font color will change in the document.
Your color choices aren't limited to the drop-down menu that appears. Select More Colors... at
the bottom of the menu to access the Colors dialog box. Choose the color you want, then
click OK.

To highlight text:
Highlighting can be a useful tool for marking important text in your document.
1. Select the text you want to highlight.

2. From the Home tab, click the Text Highlight Color drop-down arrow. The Highlight

Color menu appears.

3. Select the desired highlight color. The selected text will then be highlighted in the
document.

To remove highlighting, select the highlighted text, then click the Text Highlight Color drop-
down arrow. Select No Color from the drop-down menu.
If you need to highlight several lines of text, changing the mouse into a highlighter may be a
helpful alternative to selecting and highlighting individual lines. Click the Text Highlight
Color command, and the cursor changes into a highlighter . You can then click, hold, and drag
the highlighter over the lines you want to highlight.
To use the Bold, Italic, and Underline commands:
The Bold, Italic, and Underline commands can be used to help draw attention to important
words or phrases.
1. Select the text you want to modify.

2. On the Home tab, click the Bold (B), Italic (I), or Underline (U) command in
the Font group. In our example, we'll click Bold.
 3. The selected text will be modified in the document.

To change the text case:

When you need to quickly change text case, you can use the Change Case command instead of
deleting and retyping text.
1. Select the text you want to modify.

2. On the Home tab, click the Change Case command in the Font group.

 3. A drop-down menu will appear. Select the desired case option from the menu.

4. The text case will be changed in the document.

To change text alignment:

By default, Word aligns text to the left margin in new documents. However, there may be times
when you want to adjust text alignment to the center or right.
1. Select the text you want to modify.
2. On the Home tab, select one of the four alignment options from the Paragraph group.

Click the arrows in the slideshow below to learn more about the four text alignment options.
arrow_back_ios
 

Align Text Left: This aligns all selected text to the left margin. The Align Text Left command is
the most common alignment and is selected by default when a new document is created.


Center: This aligns text an equal distance from the left and right margins.
 

Align Text Right: This aligns all selected text to the right margin.


Justify: Justified text is equal on both sides. It lines up equally to the right and left margins.
Many newspapers and magazines use full justification.
arrow_back_ios
You can use Word's convenient Set as Default feature to save all of the formatting changes
you've made and automatically apply them to new documents. To learn how to do this, read
our article on Changing Your Default Settings in Word.
Symbols
Sometimes you may find that you need to add a symbol to your text, such as the Copyright
symbol ©. Word offers a collection of symbols for currency, languages, mathematics, and more.
To insert a symbol:
1. Place the insertion point in the location where you want to insert a symbol.

2. On the Insert tab, click the Symbol drop-down arrow. A menu of symbols will appear.

3. Select the desired symbol.
 4. The symbol will appear in your document.

If you don't see the symbol you're looking for, click More Symbols... to open the Symbol dialog
box. Locate and select the desired symbol, then click Insert.

Challenge!
1. Open an existing Word 2013 document. If you want, you can use ourpractice document.
2. Change the font style of some text.
3. Change the font size of some text. If you are using the example, try changing the font
size of the title.
4. Change the font color of some text. If you are using the example, change the color of
the park's name.
5. Highlight some text.
 6. Try bolding, italicizing, or underlining some text.
7. Change the case of some text. If you are using the example, change the case of the title.
8. Center align some text.
9. Insert a symbol in the text. If you are using the example, insert the registered
trademark symbol ® after Sullie's Subs.

 
Page Layout
Back to Tutorial
Introduction
One formatting aspect you'll need to consider as you create your document is whether to make
adjustments to the layout of the page. The page layout affects how content appears and
includes the page's orientation, margins, and size.

Optional: Download our practice document.

Page orientation
Word offers two page orientation options: landscape and portrait. Landscape means the page
is oriented horizontally, while portrait means the page is oriented vertically. Compare our
example below to see how orientation can affect the appearance and spacing of text and
images.
To change page orientation:
1. Select the Page Layout tab.
2. Click the Orientation command in the Page Setup group.

3. A drop-down menu will appear. Click either Portrait or Landscape to change the page

orientation.
 4. The page orientation of the document will be changed.
Page margins
A margin is the space between the text and the edge of your document. By default, a new
document's margins are set to Normal, which means it has a one-inch space between the text
and each edge. Depending on your needs, Word allows you to change your document's margin
size.
To format page margins:
Word has a variety of predefined margin sizes to choose from.
1. Select the Page Layout tab, then click the Margins command.

2. A drop-down menu will appear. Click the predefined margin size you want.

 3. The margins of the document will be changed.
To use custom margins:
Word also allows you to customize the size of your margins in the Page Setup dialog box.
1. From the Page Layout tab, click Margins. Select Custom Margins... from the drop-down
menu.
2. The Page Setup dialog box will appear.
3. Adjust the values for each margin, then click OK.
 4. The margins of the document will be changed.
Page size
By default, the page size of a new document is 8.5 inches by 11 inches. Depending on your
project, you may need to adjust your document's page size. It's important to note that before
modifying the default page size, you should check to see which page sizes your printer can
accommodate.
To change the page size:
Word has a variety of predefined page sizes to choose from.
1. Select the Page Layout tab, then click the Size command.
 2. A drop-down menu will appear. The current page size is highlighted. Click the
desired predefined page size.

3. The page size of the document will be changed.

To use a custom page size:
Word also allows you to customize the page size in the Page Setup dialog box.
1. From the Page Layout tab, click Size. Select More Paper Sizes... from the drop-down
menu.
2. The Page Setup dialog box will appear.
3. Adjust the values for Width and Height, then click OK.
 4. The page size of the document will be changed.
Alternatively, you can open the Page Setup dialog box by navigating to the Page Layout tab and
clicking the small arrow in the bottom-right corner of the Page Setup group.
You can use Word's convenient Set as Default feature to save all of the formatting changes
you've made and automatically apply them to new documents. To learn how to do this, read
our article on Changing Your Default Settings in Word.
Challenge!
1. Open an existing Word document. If you want, you can use our practice document.
2. Change the page orientation. If you are using the example, change the orientation
to Landscape.
3. Change the margins. If you are using the example, change the margins to Narrow.
4. Try adjusting the margins using Custom Margins.
5. Change the paper size. If you are using the example, try changing the paper size
to Legal.
6. Try customizing the page size.
 
Printing Documents
Introduction
Once you've created your document, you may want to print it to view and share your
work offline. It's easy to preview and print a document in Word using the Print pane.
To access the Print pane:
1. Select the File tab. Backstage view will appear.

2. Select Print. The Print pane will appear.

Click the buttons in the interactive below to learn more about using the Print pane.
You can also access the Print pane by pressing Ctrl+P on your keyboard.
To print a document:
1. Navigate to the Print pane and select the desired printer.
2. Enter the number of copies you want to print.
3. Select any additional settings if needed.
4. Click Print.
Custom printing
Sometimes you may find it unnecessary to print your entire document, in which case custom
printing may be more suited for your needs. Whether you're printing several individual
pages or a range of pages, Word allows you to specify exactly which pages you'd like to print.
To custom print a document:
If you'd like to print individual pages or page ranges, you'll need to separate each entry with
a comma (1, 3, 5-7, or 10-14 for example).
 1. Navigate to the Print pane.
2. In the Pages: field, enter the pages you want to print.

3. Click Print.

Challenge!
1. Open an existing Word document. If you want, you can use our practice document.
2. Preview the document in the Print pane.
3. Print one copy of the document.
4. Try adjusting the print settings so the document prints on two sides.
5. Try custom printing a selection of pages in the document. If you're using our example,
try printing only page two. 
Line and Paragraph Spacing
Introduction
As you design your document and make formatting decisions, you will need to
consider line and paragraph spacing. You can increase spacing to improve readability
or reduceit to fit more text on the page.
About line spacing
Line spacing is the space between each line in a paragraph. Microsoft Word allows you to
customize the line spacing to be single spaced (one line high), double spaced (two lines high),
or any other amount you want. The default spacing in Word 2013 is 1.08 lines, which is slightly
larger than single spaced.
In the images below, you can compare different types of line spacing. From left to right, these
images show the default line spacing, single spacing, and double spacing.
1. On the Home tab, click the Line and Paragraph Spacing command. A drop-down menu
will appear.
2. Move the mouse over the various options. A live preview of the line spacing will appear
in the document. Select the line spacing you want to use.

3. The line spacing will change in the document.

Fine tuning line spacing
Your line spacing options aren't limited to the ones in the Line and Paragraph Spacingmenu. To
adjust spacing with more precision, select Line Spacing Options from the menu to access
the Paragraph dialog box. You'll then have a few additional options you can use to customize
spacing:
 Exactly:
When you choose this option, the line spacing is measured in points, just like font sizes.
Generally, the spacing should be slightly larger than the font size. For example, if you're
using 12-point text, you could use 15-pointspacing.
 At least:
Like the Exactly option, this option lets you choose how many points of spacing you
want. However, if you have different sizes of text on the same line, the spacing will
expand to fit the larger text.
 Multiple:
This option lets you type the number of lines of spacing you want. For example,
choosing Multiple and changing the spacing to 1.2 will make the text slightly more
spread out than single-spaced text. If you want the lines to be closer together, you can
choose a smaller value like 0.9.
Paragraph spacing
By default, when you press the Enter key Word 2013 moves the insertion point down a little
farther than one line on the page. This automatically creates space between paragraphs. Just as
you can format spacing between lines in your document, you can adjust spacing before and
after paragraphs. This is useful for separating paragraphs, headings, and subheadings.
To format paragraph spacing:
In our example, we'll increase the space before a paragraph to separate it from a heading. This
will make our document easier to read.
1. Select the paragraph or paragraphs you want to format.
2. On the Home tab, click the Line and Paragraph Spacing command. Hover the mouse
over Add Space Before Paragraph or Remove Space After Paragraph from the drop-
down menu. A live preview of the paragraph spacing will appear in the document.
3. Select the paragraph spacing you want to use. In our example, we'll select Add Space
Before Paragraph.

4. The paragraph spacing will change in the document.

From the drop-down menu, you can also select Line Spacing Options to open the Paragraph
dialog box. From here, you can control how much space there is before and after the
paragraph.
You can use Word's convenient Set as Default feature to save all of the formatting changes
you've made and automatically apply them to new documents.
Challenge!
1. Open an existing Word 2013 document. If you want, you can use our practice
document.
2. Change the line spacing of some text. If you're using the example, change the line
spacing of the paragraph in the Summary section so it is single spaced.
3. Change the paragraph spacing between two paragraphs. If you're using the example,
add paragraph spacing after each paragraph in the Experience section.
4. If you are using the example, change the line and paragraph spacing so the entire
resume fits on one page.
 

Lists
Introduction
Bulleted and numbered lists can be used in your documents to outline, arrange, and emphasize
text. In this lesson, you will learn how to modify existing bullets, insert
new bulleted and numbered lists, select symbols as bullets, and format multilevel lists.

To create a bulleted list:

1. Select the text you want to format as a list.

2. On the Home tab, click the drop-down arrow next to the Bulletscommand. A menu of

bullet styles will appear.
 3. Move the mouse over the various bullet styles. A live preview of the bullet style will
appear in the document. Select the bullet style you want to use.

4. The text will be formatted as a bulleted list.

Options for working with lists

  To remove numbers or bullets from a list, select the list and click
the Bulleted or Numbered list command.
 When you're editing a list, you can press Enter to start a new line, and the new line will
automatically have a bullet or number. When you've reached the end of your list,
press Enter twice to return to normal formatting.
 By dragging the indent markers on the ruler, you can customize the indenting of your list
and the distance between the text and the bullet or number.

To create a numbered list:

When you need to organize text into a numbered list, Word offers several numberingoptions.
You can format your list with numbers, letters, or Roman numerals.
1. Select the text you want to format as a list.
2. On the Home tab, click the drop-down arrow next to the Numberingcommand. A menu
of numbering styles will appear.

3. Move the mouse over the various numbering styles. A live preview of the numbering
style will appear in the document. Select the numbering style you want to use.
4. The text will format as a numbered list.
To restart a numbered list:
If you want to restart the numbering of a list, Word has a Restart at 1 option. It can be applied
to numeric and alphabetical lists.
1. Right-click the list item you want to restart the numbering for, then select Restart at
1 from the menu that appears.

2. The list numbering will restart.

Customizing bullets
Customizing the look of the bullets in your list can help you emphasize certain list items or
personalize the design of your list. Word allows you to format bullets in a variety of ways. You
can use symbols and different colors, or even upload a picture as a bullet.
To use a symbol as a bullet:
1. Select an existing list you want to format.

2. On the Home tab, click the drop-down arrow next to the Bulletscommand.

Select Define New Bullet... from the drop-down menu.
3. The Define New Bullet dialog box will appear. Click the Symbol... button.
4. The Symbol dialog box will appear.
5. Click the Font drop-down box and select a font. The Wingdings and Symbol fonts are
good choices because they have many useful symbols.
6. Select the desired symbol, then click OK.

7. The symbol will appear in the Preview section of the Define New Bullet dialog box.
Click OK.
 8. The symbol will appear in the list.

To change the bullet color:

1. Select an existing list you want to format.
2. On the Home tab, click the drop-down arrow next to the Bulletscommand.
Select Define New Bullet... from the drop-down menu.

3. The Define New Bullet dialog box will appear. Click the Font button.

4. The Font dialog box will appear. Click the Font Color drop-down box. A menu of font
colors will appear.
5. Select the desired color, then click OK.
6. The bullet color will appear in the Preview section of the Define New Bullet dialog box.
Click OK.
7. The bullet color will change in the list.
To use a picture as a bullet:
1. Select an existing list you want to format.

2. On the Home tab, click the drop-down arrow next to the Bulletscommand.

Select Define New Bullet... from the drop-down menu.

3. The Define New Bullet dialog box will appear. Click the Picture button.

4. The Insert Pictures dialog box will appear. From here, you can locate an image file
stored on your computer or in your OneDrive (previously called SkyDrive), or you can
use the search fields to search for an image online.
5. In our example, we'll click Browse to locate a picture stored on our computer.
6. The Insert Picture dialog box will appear. Locate and select the desired image file, then
click Insert.
 7. The image will appear in the Preview section of the Define New Bullet dialog box.
Click OK.

8. The image will appear in the list.

Not all pictures work well as bullets. Generally, it's best to use a simple graphic that has a white
(or transparent) background. This ensures the bullet will have a recognizable shape.
Multilevel lists
Multilevel lists allow you to create an outline with multiple levels. Any bulleted or numbered
list can be turned into a multilevel list by using the Tab key.
To create a multilevel list:
1. Place the insertion point at the beginning of the line you want to move.

2. Press the Tab key to increase the indent level of the line. The line will move to the right.
To increase or decrease an indent level:
You can make adjustments to the organization of a multilevel list by increasing or decreasing
the indent levels. There are several ways to change the indent level:
 To increase the indent by more than one level, place the insertion point at the
beginning of the line and press the Tab key until the desired level is reached.

 To decrease the indent level, place the insertion point at the beginning of the line, then
hold the Shift key and press the Tab key.
  You can also increase or decrease the levels of text by placing the insertion point
anywhere in the line and then clicking the Increase or Decrease indent commands.

When formatting a multilevel list, Word will use the default bullet style. To change the style of a
multilevel list, select the list, then click the Multilevel list command on the Home tab.
Challenge!
1. Open an existing Word 2013 document.
2. Insert a new bulleted list into the document. If you're using the example,
add Fundraising, Chair's Report, and Other business to the bottom of the list.
3. Create a new numbered list.
4. Restart the numbering of the list so it begins with a number of your choice.
5. Use a symbol as a bullet. If you're using the example, change the open circles into a
different symbol.
6. Modify the color of a bullet. If you're using the example, change the color of the green
diamond bullets.
7. Change the style of the list. If you're using the example, change the bulleted list into
a numbered list.
8. Use the Tab key to change the levels of some of the lines. If you're using the example,
increase the level of the two bullets under the list item International Arborists
Association.
Shapes
Introduction
You can add a variety of shapes to your document, including arrows, callouts, squares, stars,
and flowchart shapes. Want to set your name and address apart from the rest of your resume?
Use a line. Need to create a diagram showing a timeline or process? Use flowchart shapes.
While you may not need shapes in every document you create, they can add visual appeal and
clarity.

Optional: Download our practice document.

To insert a shape:
1. Select the Insert tab, then click the Shapes command. A drop-down menu of shapes will
appear.
2. Select the desired shape.
 3. Click, hold, and drag in the desired location to add the shape to your document.

If you want, you can enter text in a shape. When the shape appears in your document, you can
begin typing. You can then use the formatting optionson the Home tab to change the font, font
size, or color of the text.

To resize a shape:
1. Select the shape you want to resize. Sizing handles will appear.
 2. Click, hold, and drag the sizing handles until the shape is the desired size. You can use
the corner sizing handles to change the shape's height and width at the same time.

Some shapes also have one or more yellow handles that can be used to modify the shape. For
example, with star shapes you can adjust the length of the points.

To rotate the shape, click, hold, and drag the rotation handle.
To change the order of shapes:
If one shape overlaps another, you may need to change the ordering so the correct shape
appears in front. You can bring a shape to the front or send it to the back. If you have multiple
images, you can use Bring Forward or Send Backward to fine tune the ordering. You can also
move a shape in front of or behind text.
1. Right-click the shape you want to move. In our example, we want the cloud to appear in
front of the sun, so we'll right-click the cloud.

2. In the menu that appears, hover over Bring to Front or Send to Back. Several ordering
options will appear. Select the desired ordering option. In this example, we'll
choose Bring to Front.
3. The order of the shapes will change.
In some cases, the ordering option you select will not affect the ordering of the shapes. If this
happens, try selecting the same option again or try a different option.
If you have many shapes placed on top of each other, it may be difficult to select an individual
shape. The Selection Pane allows you to select a shape and drag it to a new location. To access
the Selection Pane, click Selection Pane on the Format tab.
Modifying shapes
Word allows you to modify your shapes in a variety of ways so you can tailor them to your
projects. You can change a shape into a different shape, format a shape's style and color, and
add shadow effects.
To change to a different shape:
1. Select the shape you want to change. The Format tab will appear.
2. On the Format tab, click the Edit Shape command. In the menu that appears, hover the
mouse over Change Shape and select the desired shape.
 3. The new shape will appear.

To change the shape style:

Choosing a shape style allows you to apply preset colors and effects to quickly change the
appearance of your shape.
1. Select the shape you want to change.
2. On the Format tab, click the More drop-down arrow in the Shape Stylesgroup.
 3. A drop-down menu of styles will appear. Select the style you want to use.

4. The shape will appear in the selected style.

To change the shape fill color:
1. Select the shape you want to change.
2. On the Format tab, click the Shape Fill drop-down arrow. The Shape Fillmenu appears.
3. Move the mouse over the various colors. Select the color you want to use. To view more
color options, select More Fill Colors.
 4. The shape will appear in the selected fill color.
If you want to use a different type of fill, select Gradient or Texture from the drop-down menu.
You can also select No Fill to make it transparent.
To change the shape outline:
1. Select the shape you want to change.
2. On the Format tab, click the Shape Outline drop-down arrow. The Shape Outline menu
will appear.
3. Select the color you want to use. If you want to make the outline transparent, select No
Outline.
 4. The shape will appear in the selected outline color.
From the drop-down menu, you can change the outline color, weight(thickness), and whether
or not it is a dashed line.
To change shadow effects:
Adding a shadow to a shape can make it appear as though it is floating above the page, and it
can help to add contrast between the shape and the background.
1. Select the shape you want to change.
2. On the Format tab, click the Shape Effects drop-down arrow. In the menu that appears,
hover the mouse over Shadow and select the shadow you want to use.
 3. The shape will appear with the selected shadow.
To adjust the shadow color, size, distance and more, select Shadow Options from the drop-
down menu. The Format Shape pane will appear on the right side of the Word window,
allowing you to customize the shadow.
3D effects
There are two kinds of effects you can apply to your shapes to give them a 3D appearance: 3-D
Rotation and Bevel. 3-D Rotation gives the appearance that you are viewing an object from a
different angle, and it can be applied to any shape. Bevel adds thickness and a rounded edge to
shapes, but it doesn't work with every type of shape.
To add 3-D Rotation:
1. Select the shape you want to change.
2. On the Format tab, click the Shape Effects drop-down arrow. In the menu that appears,
hover the mouse over 3-D Rotation and select the desired 3-D effect.
 3. The shape will appear in the selected 3-D Rotation effect.
If you want, you can customize 3-D Rotation. Select 3-D Rotation Options... from the drop-
down menu, and the Format Shape pane will appear on the right side of the Word window.
From here, you can adjust the rotation values.
To add a bevel:
1. Select the shape you want to change.
2. On the Format tab, click the Shape Effects drop-down arrow. In the menu that appears,
hover the mouse over Bevel and select the desired bevel preset.
 3. The shape will appear in the selected bevel effect.
If you want, you can customize the bevel effect. Select 3-D Options... from the drop-down
menu. The Format Shape pane will appear on the right side of the Word window. From here,
you can modify the width, height, and depth of a bevel. You can also change the shape's
material to give it a metal, plastic, or translucent appearance, as well as choose the lighting
type to change how the shape is illuminated.
Challenge!
1. Create a new Word document.
2. Insert a two or three shapes. If you're using the example, insert a Lightning Bolt shape
on the cloud.
3. Select a shape and resize it. If you're using the example, resize the cloud so it appears
larger.
4. Place one shape on top of the other, and try changing the order of the shapes. If you're
using the example, try changing the order of the shapes so the Lightning Bolt is behind
the Cloud.
5. Select a shape, and change it to a different shape. If you're using the example, try
changing the Moon into a Sun.
6. Select a shape, and try changing the shape style, fill color, and outline.
7. Try various shadow effects.
8. Try various 3D effects.
BESTWAY
COMPUTER TRAINING CENTRE
SUIT 48, DIVINE PLAZA, NZE FRANCIS ROAD,

BONSAAC, ASABA