CTS(Common Type System)

Common type system is the subset of the CLR. It enables the common database system to all the .net languages. It define conventions to convert objects from one language to another. It provides smooth communication between two languages. Example:-VB.net has integer & C# has int, CTS change both into system.int32

The common type system defines how types are declared, used, and managed
in the runtime, and is also an important part of the runtime's support for cross-language integration. The common type system performs the following functions: Establishes a framework that helps enable cross-language integration, type safety, and high performance code execution. Provides an object-oriented model that supports the complete implementation of many programming languages. Defines rules that languages must follow, which helps ensure that objects written in different languages can interact with each other.

CLR(Common Language Runtime) Full form of CLR is Common Language Runtime and it forms the heart of the .NET

framework.All Languages have runtime and its the responsibility of the runtime to take care of the code execution of the program.For example VC++ has MSCRT40.DLL,VB6 has MSVBVM60.DLL , Java has Java Virtual Machine etc. Similarly .NET has CLR.Following are the responsibilities of CLR Garbage Collection :- CLR automatically manages memory thus eliminating memory leakes. When objects are not referred GC automatically releases those memory thus providing efficient memory management. Code Access Security :- CAS grants rights to program depending on the security configuration of the machine.Example the program has rights to edit or create a new file but the security configuration of machine does not allow the program to delete a file.CAS will take care that the code runs under the environment of machines security configuration. Code Verification :- This ensures proper code execution and type safety while the code runs.It prevents the source code to perform illegal operation such as accessing invalid memory locations etc. IL( Intermediate language )-to-native translators and optimizer?s :- CLR uses JIT and compiles the IL code to machine code and then executes. CLR also determines depending on platform what is optimized way of running the IL code. converts a MSIL code into the host machinelanguage code, which is then executed appropriately. The CLR is the execution engine for .NET Framework applications. It provides a number of services, including:

CLR is .NET equivalent of Java Virtual Machine (JVM). It is the runtime that

? Code management (loading and execution) ? Application memory isolation ? Verification of type safety ? Conversion of IL to native code. ? Access to metadata (enhanced type information) ? Managing memory for managed objects ? Enforcement of code access security ? Exception handling, including cross-language exceptions ? Interoperation between managed code, COM objects, and pre-existing DLL's (unmanaged code and data) ? Automation of object layout ? Support for developer services (profiling, debugging, and so on

#61607; .NET - Difference between asp and asp.net - How do you do exception management - If you are using components in your application, how can you handle exceptions raised in a component - Can we throw exception from catch block - How do you relate an aspx page with its code behind page - What are the types of assemblies and where can u store them and how - What is difference between value and reference types - Is array reference type / value type - Is string reference type / value type - What is web.config. How many web.config files can be allowed to use in an application - What is differnce between machine.config and web.config - What is shared and private assembly - What are asynchronous callbacks - How to write unmanaged code and how to identify whether the code is managed / unmanaged. - How to authenticate users using web.config - What is strong name and which tool is used for this - What is gacutil.exe. Where do we store assemblies - Should sn.exe be used before gacutil.exe - What does assemblyinfo.cs file consists of - What is boxing and unboxing - Types of authentications in ASP.NET - difference between Trace and Debug - Difference between Dataset and DataReader - What is custom tag in web.config - How do you define authentication in web.Config - What is sequence of code in retrieving data from database - About DTS package - What provider ADO.net use by default - Where does web.config info stored? Will this be stored in the registry? - How do you register the dotnet component or assembly? - Difference between asp and asp.net - Whis is stateless asp or asp.net? - Authentication mechanism in dotnet

- State management in asp.net - Types of values mode can hold session state in web.config - About WebService - What are Http handler - What is view state and how this can be done and was this there in asp? - Types of optimization and name a few and how do u do? - About DataAdapters - Features of a dataset - How do you do role based security - Difference between Response.Expires and Expires.Absolute - Types of object in asp - About duration in caching technique - Types of configuration files and ther differences - Difference between ADO and ADO.net - About Postback - If you are calling three SPs from a window application how do u check for the performance of the SPS #61607; Database - What is normalization - What is an index and types of indexes. How many number of indexes can be used per table - What is a constraint. Types of constraints - What are code pages - What is referential integrity - What is a trigger - What are different types of joins - What is a self join - Authentication mechanisms in Sql Server - What are user defined stored procedures. - What is INSTEAD OF trigger - Difference between SQL server 7.0 and 2000 - How to optimize a query that retrieves data by joining 4 tables - Usage of DTS - How to disable an index using select query - Is non-clustered index faster than clustered index - Types of optimization in querries - Difference between ISQL and OSQL - How you log an exception directly into sql server what is used for this - About Replication in Database - What is the default optimization done in oracle and sql server - How can i make a coulmn as unique - How many no of tables can be joined in same sql server - How many coulmns can exist per table - About Sql Profiler usage HR & Project - About yourself - About work experience

- How long you are working on .NET - Are you willing to relocate - When will you join - Why do u what to change from current organization - Why do you want to join Accenture - What are your weaknesses / areas of improvement - What is your current project and your responsibilities - Have you done database design / development - What is D in ACID #61656; Microsoft HR (Screening) - Tell about yourself - Tell about your work experience - Tell about projects - Tell about your current project and your role in it - What is your current salary p.a. Technical #61607; .NET - How do you manage session in ASP and ASP.NET - How do you handle session management in ASP.NET and how do you implement them. How do you handle in case of SQLServer mode. - What are different authentication types. How do you retreive user id in case of windows authentication - For a server control, you need to have same properties like color maxlength, size, and allowed character throughout the application. How do you handle this. - What is custom control. What is the difference between custom control and user control - What is the syntax for datagrid and specifying columns - How do you add a javascript function for a link button in a datagrid. - Does C# supports multi-dimensional arrays - How to transpose rows into columns and columns into rows in a multi-dimensional array - What are object oriented concepts - How do you create multiple inheritance in C# - ADO and ADO.NET differences - Features and disadvantages of dataset - What is the difference between and ActiveX dll and control - How do you perform validations - What is reflection and disadvantages of reflection - What is boxing and how it is done internally - Types of authentications in IIS - What are the security issues if we send a query from the application - Difference between ByVal and ByRef - Disadvantages of COM components - How do we invoke queries from the application - What is the provider and namespaces being used to access oracle database - How do you load XML document and perform validation of the document

- How do you access elements in XML document - What is ODP.NET - Types of session management in ASP.NET - Difference between datareader and dataset - What are the steps in connecting to database - How do you register a .NET assembly - Usage of web.config - About remoting and web services. Difference between them - Caching techniques in .NET - About CLS and CTS - Is overloading possible in web services - Difference between .NET and previous version - Types of chaching. How to implement caching - Features in ASP.NET - How do you do validations. Whether client-side or server-side validations are better - How do you implement multiple inheritance in .NET - Difference between multi-level and multiple inheritance - Difference between dataset and datareader - What are runtime hosts - What is an application domain - What is viewstate - About CLR, reflection and assemblies - Difference between .NET components and COM components - What does assemblyinfo.cs consists - Types of objects in ASP #61607; Database - What are the blocks in stored procedure - How do you handle exceptions. Give the syntax for it - What is normalization and types of normalization - When would you denormalize - Difference between a query and strored procedure - What is clustered and non-clustered indexes - Types of joins - How do you get all records from 2 tables. Which join do you use - Types of optimization - Difference between inline query and stored procedure #61607; Project related - Tell about your current project - Tell about your role - What is the toughest situation you faced in the development - How often you communicate with the client - For what purposes, you communicate with the client - What is the process followed - Explain complete process followed for the development - What is the life cycle model used for the development - How do communicate with team members

- How do you say you are having excellent team management skills - If your client gives a change and asks for early delivery. How will you manage. - How will gather requirements and where do you record. Is it in word / Excel or do you have any tool for that - What is the stage when code is delivered to the client and he is testing it. - What are the different phases of SDLC - How do you handle change requests - How do you perform impact analysis - How do you write unit test cases. - About current project architecture #61656; Keane on 12th October 2003 Technical #61607; .NET - Write steps of retrieving data using ado.net - Call a stored procedure from ado.net and pass parameter to it - Different type of validation controls in asp.net - Difference between server.Execute and response.redirect - What is Response.Flush method - How Response.flush works in server.Execute - What is the need of clinet side and server side validation - Tell About Global.asax - What is application variable and when it is initialized - Tell About Web.config - Can we write one page in c# and other in vb in one application - When web.config is called - How many web.config a application can have - How do you set language in web.cofig

#61607; Database - How do you rate yourrself in oracle and sql server - What is E-R diagram - Draw E-R diagram for many to many relationship - Design databaseraw er diagram for a certain scenario(many author many books) - Diff between primary key and unique key - What is Normalization - Difference between sub query and nested query - Indexes in oracle - Querry to retrieve record for a many to many relationship - Querry to get max and second max in oracle in one querry - Write a simple Store procedure and pass parameter to it #61656; Digital Globalsoft Technical

#61607; .NET - Difference between VB dll and assemblies in .NET - What is machine.config and web.config - Tell about WSDL - About web methods and its various attributes - What is manifest - Types of caching - What does connection string consists of - Where do you store connection string - What is the difference between session state and session variables - How do you pass session values from one page to another - What are WSDL ports - What is dataset and tell about its features. What are equivalent methods of previous, next etc. Of ADO in ADO.NET - What is abstract class - What is difference between interface inheritance and class inheritance - What are the collection classes - Which namespace is used for encryption - What are the various authentication mechanisms in ASP.NET - What is the difference between authentication and autherization - What are the types of threading models - How do you send an XML document from client to server - How do you create dlls in .NET - What is inetermediate language in .NET - What is CLR and how it generates native code - Can we store PROGID informatoin in database and dynamically load the component - Is VB.NET object oriented? What are the inheritances does VB.NET support. - What is strong name and what is the need of it - Any disadvantages in Dataset and in reflection - Advantage of vb.net over vb - What is runtime host - How to send a DataReader as a parameter to a remote client - How do you consume a webservice - What happens when a reference to webservice is added - How do you reference to a private & shared assembly - What is the purpose of System.EnterpriseServices namespace - About .Net remoting - Difference between remoting and webservice - Types of statemanagement techniques - How to register a shared assembly - About stateless and statefull webservice - How to invoke .net components from com components,give the sequence - How to check null values in dataset - About how soap messages are sent and received in webservice - Error handling and how this is done - Features in .net framework 1.1 - Any problem found in vs.et - Optimization technique description - About disco and uddi

- What providers does ado.net uses internally - Oops concepts - Disadvantages of vb - XML serialization - What providers do you use to connect to oracle database? #61607; Database - Types of joins #61607; General - What are various life cycle model in S/W development #61656; Infosys Technical #61607; .NET - How do you rate yourself in .NET - What is caching and types of caching - What does VS.NET contains - What is JIT, what are types of JITS and their pupose - What is SOAP, UDDI and WSDL - What is dataset #61607; Database - How do you optimize SQL queries #61607; General - Tell about yourself and job - Tell about current project - What are sequence diagrams, collaboration diagrams and difference between them - What is your role in the current project and what kinds of responsibilites you are handling - What is the team size and how do you ensure quality of code - What is the S/W model used in the project. What are the optimization techniques used. Give examples. - What are the SDLC phases you have invloved #61656; Satyam Technical #61607; .NET - Types of threading models in VB.net - Types of compatability in VB and their usage - Difference between CDATA and PCDATA in XML - What is Assync in XML api which version of XML parser u worked with - Types of ASP objects - Difference between application and session - What is web application virtual directory - Can two web application share a session and application variable

- If i have a page where i create an instance of a dll and without invoking any method can I send values to next page - Diffeernce between Active Exe and /Dll - Can the dictionary object be created in clients ccope? - About MTS and its purpose - About writting a query and SP which is better - I have a component with 3 parameter and deployed to client side now i changed my dll method which takes 4 parameter.How can i deploy this without affecting the clents code - How do you do multithreading application in VB - About Global .asax - Connection pooling in MTS - If cookies is disabled in clinet browser will session work - About XLST - How do you attach an XSL to an XML in presenting output - What is XML - How do you make your site SSL enabled - Did you work on IIS adminisdtration #61607; Database - dd #61607; General - dd HR - About educational background - About work experience - About area of work - Current salary, why are looking for a change and about notice period - About company strength, verticals, clients, domains etc. - Rate yourself in different areas of .NET and SQL #61656; Cognizent Technical #61607; .NET - About response.buffer and repsonse.flush - About dataset and data mining - About SOAP - Usage of htmlencode and urlencode - Usage of server variables - How to find the client browser type - How do you trap errors in ASP and how do you invoke a component in ASP #61607; Database - About types of indexes in SQL server - Difference between writing SQL query and stored procedure - About DTS usage - How do you optimize Sql queries #61607; General

- Dfs - Rate yourself in .NET and SQL - About 5 processes - About current project and your role HR - About educational background, work experience, and area of work -

#61656; TCS Technical #61607; .NET - Define .NET architecture - Where does ADO.NET and XML web services come in the architecture - What is MSIL code - Types of JIT and what is econo-JIT - What is CTS, CLS and CLR - Uses of CLR - Difference between ASP and ASP.NET - What are webservices, its attributes. Where they are available - What is UDDI and how to register a web service - Without UDDI, is it possible to access a remote web service - How a web service is exposed to outside world - What is boxing and unboxing - What is WSDL and disco file - What is web.config and machine.config - What is difference between ASP and ASP.NET - What is dataset and uses of dataset - What does ADO.NET consists of? - What are various authentication mechanisms in ASP.NET - What do you mean by passport authentication and windows authentication - What is an assembly and what does manifest consists - What is strong name and what is the purpose of strong name - What are various types of assemblies - Difference between VB.NET and C#. Which is faster - Types of caching - How WSDL is stored - What is the key feature of ADO.NET compared to ADO - How does dataset acts in a disconnected fashion - Does the following statement executes successfully: Response.Write(value of i = + i); - What is ODP.NET - What are the providers available with VS.NET - What is a process - What is binding in web service - How a proxy is generated for a web service - About delegates

- What are static assemblies and dynamic assemlies. Differences between them #61607; Database - What are the types of triggers - Types of locks in database - Types of indexes. What is the default key created when a primary key is created in a table - What is clustered, non-clustured and unique index. How many indexes can be created on a table - Can we create non-clustured index on a clustered index - Types of backups - What is INSTEAD OF trigger - What is difference between triggers and stored procedures. And advantages of SP over triggers - What is DTS and purpose of DTS - Write a query to get 2nd maximum salary in an employee table - Types of joins. - What is currency type in database - What are nested triggers - What is a heap related to database #61607; General HR - About yourdelf - About procsses followed - Notice period - Appraisal process - What is SOAP and why it is required - About effort estimation - Whether salary negotiable - Why are looking for a change - How fo you appraise a person - Do you think CMM process takes time - About peer reviews - How do you communicate with TL / PM / Onsite team #61656; DELL Technical #61607; .NET - Any disadvantages in Dataset and in reflection - Difference between Active Exe and Activex dll - Can we make activex dll also ti execute in some process as that of client ? How can we do? - Types of compatabilities and explain them - Types of instancing properties and explain each. Tell the difference between multiuse,singleuse and globalmultiuse and which is default - What is assembly? - Difference between COM and .NET component - What is early binding and Late binding. Difference which is better - What happens when we instantiate a COM component

- What happens when we instantiate a .NET component - Are you aware of containment and Aggregation - What is UUID and GUID what is the size of this ID? - About Iunknown interface Queue ,its methods Querry Interface Addref,Release and Explane each - What ll u do in early and late binding - In early binding will the method invoked on com component will verify its existance in the system or not? - Difference between dynamic query and static query - About performance issues on retrieving records - About ADO and its objects - What is unmannaged code and will CLR handle this kind of code or not . - Garbage collectors functionality on unmanaged code - If Instancing = Single use for ActiveX Exe, how will this be executed if there are 2 consecutive client requests ? - Threading Types. - How about the security in Activex DLL and Activex EXE #61607; Database - Types of cursors and explanation each of them - Types of cursor locations and explanation on each of them - Types of cursor locks and explanation each of them - How do you retrieve set of records from database server.{Set max records = 100 & use paging where pager page no or records = 10 & after displaying 100 records again connect to database retrieve next 100 } HR & Project - Rate yourself in vb and com - Whether I have any specific technology in mind to work on.

#61656; MMTTS Technical #61607; .NET - About .NET Framework - About Assembly in .NET, types of assemblies, their difference, How to register into GAC. How to generate the strong names & its use. - What is side by side Execution? - What is serialization? - Life cycle of ASP.NET page when a request is made. - If there is submit button in a from tell us the sequence what happens if submit is clicked and in form action is specified as some other page. - About a class access specifiers and method access specifiers. - What is overloading and how can this be done. - How to you declare connection strings and how to you make use of web.config. - How many web.copnfig can exists in a web application & which will be used. - About .NET Remoting and types of remoting - About Virtual functions and their use.

- How do you implement Inheritance in dot net - About ado.net components/objects. Usage of data adapters and tell the steps to retrieve data. - What does CLR do as soon as an assembly is created - How do you retrieve information from web.config. - How do you declare delegates and are delegates and events one and the same and explain how do you declare delegates and invoke them. - If I want to override a method 1 of class A and in class b then how do you declare? - What does CLR do after the IL is generated and machine language is generated .Will it look for main method - About friend and Protected friend - About multi level and multiple inheritance how to achieve in .net - Sequence to connect and retrieve data from database useig dataset - About sn.exe - What was the problem in traditional component why side by side execution is supported in .net - How .net assemblies are registred as private and shared assembly - All kind of access specifiers for a class and for methods - On ODP.net - Types of assemblies that can be created in dotnet - About namespaces - OOPs concept - More on CLR HR & Project - About yourself - About the current employer - About expertise - What type of job you are expecting - What is current and expected is it negotiable - Can you justify why r you expecting more in professional terms - What are you looking for in Dell