Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 52 views

    2-Molar Mass, Degree of Polymerization

    Uploaded by

    Martin
    This document discusses key characteristics used to describe macromolecules formed by step-growth polymerization, including molar mass, degree of polymerization, and molar mass distribution. It explains how these characteristics depend on the polymerization mechanism and monomer conversion. Specifically, it provides equations to calculate degree of polymerization and molar mass based on the repeating units in the polymer chain. It also discusses an example condensation reaction between a diacid and diol, and how the molar mass changes with the elimination of water as a byproduct.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    2-Molar Mass, Degree of Polymerization

    Uploaded by

    Martin
    52 views3 pages
    This document discusses key characteristics used to describe macromolecules formed by step-growth polymerization, including molar mass, degree of polymerization, and molar mass distribution. It explains how these characteristics depend on the polymerization mechanism and monomer conversion. Specifically, it provides equations to calculate degree of polymerization and molar mass based on the repeating units in the polymer chain. It also discusses an example condensation reaction between a diacid and diol, and how the molar mass changes with the elimination of water as a byproduct.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses key characteristics used to describe macromolecules formed by step-growth polymerization, including molar mass, degree of polymerization, and molar mass distribution. It explains how these characteristics depend on the polymerization mechanism and monomer conversion. Specifically, it provides equations to calculate degree of polymerization and molar mass based on the repeating units in the polymer chain. It also discusses an example condensation reaction between a diacid and diol, and how the molar mass changes with the elimination of water as a byproduct.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    52 views3 pages

    2-Molar Mass, Degree of Polymerization

    Uploaded by

    Martin
    This document discusses key characteristics used to describe macromolecules formed by step-growth polymerization, including molar mass, degree of polymerization, and molar mass distribution. It explains how these characteristics depend on the polymerization mechanism and monomer conversion. Specifically, it provides equations to calculate degree of polymerization and molar mass based on the repeating units in the polymer chain. It also discusses an example condensation reaction between a diacid and diol, and how the molar mass changes with the elimination of water as a byproduct.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 3

    Molar Mass, Degree of Polymerization, and Molar Mass Distribution of

    Step-Growth Polymerizations
    The most important factors used to characterize macromolecules are the molar mass, the degree of
    polymerization, and the molar mass distribution. These characteristics depend on the polymerization
    mechanism of the macromolecules and on the degree of monomer conversion.
    During the stepwise transformation of an AB-monomer or of a stoichiometric AA/BB system into a
    polymer, the molar mass is calculated by multiplying the molar mass of the components AB, AA and
    BB respectively, by the number n of repetitions in the polymer molecule:

    MPolymer represents the molar mass of the polymer, MAB the molar mass of
    the monomer AB, and MAA and MBB the molar masses of the monomers
    AA and BB, respectively.

    In a typical condensation reaction, for example an


    esterification of a dicarboxylic acid with a diol, the molar mass
    of the polymer decreases by (2n − 1) · H2O (and with AB-
    monomers such as a 6-hydroxy carboxylic acid by (n − 1) ·
    H2O).
    A scheme of a step-growth polymerization

    The degree of polymerization, Pn, is identical to the number of repetitions n and is calculated as follows
    Initial number of molecules Initial concentration of functional groups
    Number of molecules at time t Concentration of functional groups at time t
    The polymerization between equimolar amounts of a diol and diacid proceeds with an equilibrium constant of 200.
    What will be the expected degree of polymerization and extent of reaction if the reaction is carried out in a closed
    system without removal of the by-product water? To what level must [H2O] be lowered in order to obtain a degree of
    polymerization of 200 if the initial concentration of carboyxl groups is 2 M?

    𝑅𝐶𝑂𝑂𝑅´ 𝑒 𝐻2 𝑂 𝑒 𝑅𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 0 − 𝑅𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 𝑒 𝑅𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 𝑒


    𝐾= 𝑝𝑒 = =1−
    𝑅𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 𝑒 𝑅´𝑂𝐻 𝑒 𝑅𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 0 𝑅𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 0

    𝑅𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 𝑒 = 𝑅´𝑂𝐻 𝑒 𝑅𝐶𝑂𝑂𝑅´ 𝑒 𝐻2 𝑂 𝑒


    𝑝𝑒 = =
    𝑅𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 0 𝑅𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 0
    𝑅𝐶𝑂𝑂𝑅´ 𝑒 = 𝐻2 𝑂 𝑒

    𝑅𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 0
    𝑃𝑛 𝑒 =
    𝑅𝐶𝑂𝑂𝑅´ 2𝑒 𝑝𝑒2 𝑅𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 20 𝑝𝑒2 𝑅𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 𝑒
    𝐾= = =
    𝑅𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 2𝑒 1−𝑝𝑒 2 𝑅𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 20 1−𝑝𝑒 2
    𝑅𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 𝑒 = 1 − 𝑝𝑒 𝑅𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 0

    𝐾 𝑅𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 0 1
    𝑝𝑒 = 𝑃𝑛 𝑒 = =
    1+ 𝐾 1 − 𝑝𝑒 𝑅𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 0 1 − 𝑝𝑒
    Kinetics of Step-Growth Polymerization
    1.- The polymerization between equimolar amounts of a diol and diacid proceeds with an equilibrium
    constant of 200. What will be the expected degree of polymerization and extent of reaction if the
    reaction is carried out in a closed system without removal of the by-product water? To what level must
    [H2O] be lowered in order to obtain a degree of polymerization of 200 if the initial concentration of
    carboyxl groups is 2 M?

    2.- A heat-resistant polymer Nomex has a number-average molecular weight of 24,116. Hydrolysis of
    the polymer yields 39.31% by weight m-aminoaniline, 59.81% terephthalic acid, and 0.88% benzoic
    acid. Write the formula for this polymer. Calculate the degree of polymerization and the extent of
    reaction. Calculate the effect on the degree of polymerization if the polymerization had been carried
    out with twice the amount of benzoic acid.

    3.- Calculate the number-average degree of polymerization of an equimolar mixture of adipic acid and
    hexamethylene diamine for extents of reaction 0.500, 0.800, 0.900, 0.950, 0.970, 0.990, 0.995.

    You might also like