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    Newton Applications

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    Ayham Smadi

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Newton Applications

    Uploaded by

    Ayham Smadi
    33 views22 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    33 views22 pages

    Newton Applications

    Uploaded by

    Ayham Smadi

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 22

    Applying Newton’s

    Laws

    PowerPoint® Lectures for


    University Physics, Twelfth Edition
    – Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman

    Lectures by James Pazun


    Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
    Reminder

    • First Law
    Objects at rest tend to stay at rest, objects in motion
    stay in motion (Equilibrium)

    • Second Law
    An unbalanced force (or sum of forces) will cause a
    mass to accelerate

    • Third Law
    For every action there is an equal reaction

    Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


    Goals

    • To use and apply Newton’s First Law


    • To use and apply Newton’s Second Law
    • To study friction and static coefficients
    • To consider forces in circular motion

    Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


    Introduction

    • It’s not hard to state Newton’s laws well; how


    should we apply them to everyday situations?
    • We can start with balanced forces, stationary
    bodies (statics).
    • Next, we’ll study forced acting on moving bodies
    (dynamics).
    • Considering the role of forces in circular motion.

    Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


    Using Newton’s First Law Strategy

    Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


    1D Equilibrium: Massless Rope
    • Consider an athlete (50 kg) hanging
    on a massless rope.
    – Draw a skitch of the situation
    (magnitude and direction)
    – What is the athlete weight?
    – What is the tension of the rope?

    Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


    1D Equilibrium: Rope with Mass
    • Find the tension at each end if the weight of the rope = 120N.

    Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


    2D Equilibrium: Inclined Plane
    • An object on an inclined plane will have components of force in x and y space.
    • Discuss the tension in the cable and the force exerted by the ramp on the car
    • Neglect the friction force between the ramp and tires.

    Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


    2D Equilibrium: Bodies Connected by Cable and Pulley
    • Discuss w1 and w2 to keep the system moving with a constant speed (or constant).
    • Ignore the friction of wheels and pulley and the weight of the cable.

    Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


    Using Newton’s Second Law
    • Iceboat and ridder at rest (200 kg). After 4 s is moving with 6 m/s. Discuss the
    horizontal force exerted by winds on the boat

    Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


    Straight Line Motion With Friction
    • Consider kind of horizontal friction on the iceboat, f = 100 N.
    • What is the required exerted force by the wind to get a constant acceleration
    = 15 m/s2

    Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


    Tension in an Elevator Cable
    • The elevator mass is 800 kg.
    • Moving down at 10 m/s and
    • Slows a stop with constant acceleration in 25 m distance.
    • Discuss the tension of the cable while the elevator is brought to rest

    Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


    More Adventures in the Elevator
    • 50 kg woman on a scale in the elevator.
    • Discuss the reading of the scale

    Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


    Acceleration Down a Hill
    • Toboggan with total weight w, slides with a constant angle.
    • Friction is ignored
    • Discuss the acceleration

    Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


    Multiple Items Motion With Constant Acceleration:
    • Push a 1 kg food tray with constant force = 9 N.
    • The tray pushes 0.5 kg milk cartoon

    • Friction is ignored.

    • Discuss the acceleration and force tray exerts on carton

    Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


    Two Bodies with the same magnitude of Acceleration
    • A glider connected over a pulley to a falling mass.
    • Discuss the acceleration and the Tension

    Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


    Kinetic and Static Frictional Force:
    • Kinetic friction force: the force
    act when a body slide over a
    surface.
    • Static friction force: the friction
    force that keep an object at rest
    • Static friction force is maximum
    when the object is forced to move

    Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


    Coefficients of friction

    Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


    Applied force is proportional until the object moves

    • Notice the transition between static and kinetic friction.

    Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


    Friction in Horizontal Motion

    • Moving a 500 N crate. 230 N is needed to start the movement.


    Another 200 N is applied to keep it moving with constant
    velocity
    • What are the coefficients of static and kinetic friction?

    Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


    The angle at which tension is applied matters
    • Suppose moving the crate by pulling at 30 degrees above the
    horizontal with constant velocity.
    • Discuss the tension force (friction coefficient = 0.4).

    Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley


    Dynamics of Uniform Circular Motion
    • In uniform circular motion,
    both the acceleration and
    force are centripetal.
    • If the inward force stops
    acting, the particle flies off
    in a straight line tangent to
    the circle.

    Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

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