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Concrete and It’s properties

Presentation · July 2020

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.18980.50564

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Md. Shahrior Alam Syed Ishtiaq Ahmad

Local Government Engineering Department Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology
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Presented by
Md. Shahrior Alam Dr. Syed Ishtiaq Ahmad.
Assistant Engineer Professor
Central Quality Control Unit Department of Civil Engineering
Local Government Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering
Department (LGED) and Technology (BUET)
 Concrete

 Concrete is an artificial stone manufactured from a mixture of binding materials

and inert materials with water
 Concrete contains cement, water, fine and coarse aggregate
 Cement
 Coarse aggregate
 Fine aggregate
 Water

Fig: Concrete Fig :Cylinder of Concrete

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 Function of Aggregates in Concrete

 To provide volume and mass to the concrete

 To fill the voids with fine aggregates

Fig: Aggregate

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Factor controlling properties of concrete
 Grading of aggregates
 surface area of the aggregates
Maximum size of the aggregates
 Moisture content of the aggregates
 Water/ cement ratio
 Proportioning of the various ingredients of concrete
 Method of mixing
 Placing and compaction of concrete
 Curing of concrete

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 To wet the surface of aggregate to develop adhesion
 To prepare a plastic mixture of various materials
 Water is required for hydration and curing

Water Quality in Concrete

• Generally, quality of water for

construction works are same
as drinking water.
• free from such impurities as
suspended solids, organic
matter and dissolved salts,
which may adversely affect the
properties of the concrete,
especially the setting, hardening,
strength, durability, pit value,
etc.
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Curing is the process in which the concrete is
protected from loss of moisture and kept within a
reasonable temperature range.
 Curing requires adequate
 Time
 Temperature
 Moisture

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Types of Curing Of Concrete

 Shading Of Concrete Work.

 Covering Concrete Surfaces With Hessian Or Gunny
Bags.
 Sprinkling Of Water.
 Ponding Method.
 Membrane Curing.
 Steam Curing.
 Curing Compound

7/28/2020 QCU 7
Cont..

Ponding Method.

7/28/2020 QCU 8
Cont..

Membrane Curing.

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Cont..
• A curing compound based on aluminised synthetic
resin for the prevention of premature water loss from
concrete.
• It has aluminium flakes for reflection of heat and thus
providing extra cover for prevention of water loss.

Alumina Based Curing Compound Concrete Curing Agent

Concrete Curing Agent QCU 10
 Cement

 A cement is a binder, a substance used in

construction that sets and hardens and
can bind other materials together.

Fig : Cement

11
 The Common Cements, Covered by EN 197-1
Main Type Traditional Clinker Others
British (CRM+Gypsum)
Description
CEM I Portland cement 95% 5%
CEM II Portland-composite cement 65-94% 6-35%
CEM III Blast furnace cement 34-65% 35-64%
CEM IV Pozzolanic cement 45-90% 10-55
CEM V Composite cement 20-64% 36-80%

• Specific Gravity: 3.15 TYPE II Clinker(A/ CRM

• Fineness of Cement: ASTM C204- B)
not less than 280 kg/m2 A-M A= 80-94 M=6-20
• Normal Consistency of Cement:
B-M B= 65-79 M=21-35
ASTM C187- 22-30%, generally 25%
 The following are the quality tests
on cement at construction site:
 Color test- grey color with a light greenish shade
 Presence of lumps
 Adulteration test-feel smooth when touched or rubbed in
between fingers
 Feel test-feel cool and not warm
 Float tests-float for some time
Cube Strength of Cement
 Date of packing- 2 month
Days 3 7 28
Minimum strength- OPC 12 19 28

Minimum strength- PCC 13 20 25

7/28/2020 QCU 13
 Coarse aggregate
Two types of aggregate have been used in our country
Brick aggregate Stone aggregate

Properties Materials
Brick Stone  Aggregate size was 3/4 inch
Dry Roded Unit Weight 6 0-65 95-100 (20mm) down grade for building
(lb/ft3)
 All aggregates should be in
Specific Gravity (SSD) 1.8-2.1 2.5-3(2.6) saturated surface dry condition
Fineness Modulus (FM) 5-7 6-8 or Oven dry before casting of
Absorption Capacity (% ) Less than Less than concrete.
20% 2%
Moisture Content (%) 10-15% 0-1%
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 Gradation of Natural Stone and Brick Aggregate
120

Upper Limit

100

Lower Limit

80
Brick Aggregate
% Passing

60
Stone Aggregate

40

20

0
1 10 100
Sieve Size (mm)

Fig: Gradation of Natural Stone and Brick Aggregate

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 Fine Aggregate
Fine aggregate

 Generally Sylhet sand was used as fine

aggregate

Properties Materials
Sand
Dry Roded Unit Weight 95-100
(lb/ft3)
Specific Gravity (SSD) 2.5-3 Fig: Sylhet sand
Fineness Modulus (FM) 1.2-3.2
Absorption Capacity (% ) Less than 2%
Moisture Content (%) 2-6

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 Mix Design
 Evaluated from ACI 211 method (ACI 2002)/ British standard method
Target strength -
Step 1. Choice of slump
 Water to cement(w/c) Step 2. Choice of maximum size of aggregate
 Slump value Step 3. Estimation of mixing water and air
 Air content % content
Material properties Step 4. Selection of water/cement ratio
Step 5. Calculation of cement content
Step 6. Estimation of coarse aggregate content
Step 7. Estimation of Fine Aggregate Content
Step 8. Adjustments for Aggregate Moisture
Step 9.Trial Batch Adjustments
Table : Water-Cement Ratio and Compressive
Strength Relationship

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Arbitrary Method of Concrete Mix Design

• In the arbitrary method of concrete mix design is

supposed to do quantity voids in fresh concrete that
the voids of course aggregate will full fill by the fine
aggregate.
• The cement quantity is used according to given
strength of concrete.
• It is maintained a ratio between cement and quantity.

Strength Mix ratio

M10 1 :3 :6 w/c:
0.45 for 1 : 1 : 2 concrete
M15 1 :2 :4
0.5 for 1 : 1.5 : 3 concrete
M20 1 : 1.5 : 3 0.5 to 0.6 for 1 : 2 : 4 concrete.
M25 1 :1 :2

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 4”

Sample Making 8”

a) Mixing cement with

fine and coarse
aggregate , then adding
water

b) 5-8 mins mixing were

done for homogeneity.
Fig: Mixing of Concrete

Fig: Workability Test Fig: Curing

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Vibration

• Vibrator with a radius of

influence of 6 in.
Vibration
• Slab: 30 sec in each layer with
gradual change of height
• Beam: 1-2min with gradual
change of height

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 Testing Specification
 Fineness of Cement: ASTM C204

 Normal Consistency of Cement: ASTM C187

 Initial and Final Setting Time of Cement: ASTM C191

 Mortar Compressive Strength: ASTM C109

 Compressive strength of Concrete: ASTM C 39 (1993)

Tests of Concrete

Compressive Strength Test

Loading rate -3kN/sec

Fig: Compression Machine

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 Thank you

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