The document discusses models and elements of the communication process. It describes several models including Aristotle's model involving three elements (sender, message, receiver), Berlo's sender-message-channel-receiver model, and Schramm's circular model. The key elements of communication identified are the sender, message, encoding, channel, receiver, decoding, and feedback. Effective communication is a process where a sender encodes a message, it is transmitted through a channel, decoded and understood by the receiver, who then provides feedback.
The document discusses models and elements of the communication process. It describes several models including Aristotle's model involving three elements (sender, message, receiver), Berlo's sender-message-channel-receiver model, and Schramm's circular model. The key elements of communication identified are the sender, message, encoding, channel, receiver, decoding, and feedback. Effective communication is a process where a sender encodes a message, it is transmitted through a channel, decoded and understood by the receiver, who then provides feedback.
The document discusses models and elements of the communication process. It describes several models including Aristotle's model involving three elements (sender, message, receiver), Berlo's sender-message-channel-receiver model, and Schramm's circular model. The key elements of communication identified are the sender, message, encoding, channel, receiver, decoding, and feedback. Effective communication is a process where a sender encodes a message, it is transmitted through a channel, decoded and understood by the receiver, who then provides feedback.
The document discusses models and elements of the communication process. It describes several models including Aristotle's model involving three elements (sender, message, receiver), Berlo's sender-message-channel-receiver model, and Schramm's circular model. The key elements of communication identified are the sender, message, encoding, channel, receiver, decoding, and feedback. Effective communication is a process where a sender encodes a message, it is transmitted through a channel, decoded and understood by the receiver, who then provides feedback.
Assistant Professor, Department of Home Science G. B. M. College, Gaya, Magadh University, Bodhgaya Contents
• Definition
• Models of Communication process
• Elements of communication
• References Definition • Communication is a process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behaviour. • The term communication process refers to the exchange of information between two or more people. • Communication is a two-way process of exchanging messages between two persons or groups of persons. • The participants involved in communication assume the roles of senders and receivers. As senders, participants form messages and attempt to communicate them to others. As receivers, they receive the messages and react to them. This sending and receiving of information are known as the process of communication. Aristotle Model
• Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) was the first to give the earliest basic persuasive communication model. His explanation includes three communication elements Berlo’S Model
• David Berlo expanded Shannon and Weaver's linear model of communication
and created the Sender-Message-Channel-Receiver Model of Communication Schramm’s Model
Schramm model (1954)of communication is a circular, rather than linear,
experience that involves a sender, who encodes a message, and a recipient, who decodes it. The sender and the receiver hold both roles in the model Leagon’s Model
• Leagan's model. Leagans (1961) defined communication as a process by
which two or more people exchange ideas, facts, feelings, impressions, in ways that each gains a clear understanding of the meaning, intent and use of the message Elements of communication process
Seven major elements of communication process are:
1. Sender 2. Message 3. Encoding 4. Communication channel 5. Receiver 6. Decoding and 7. Feedback Sender Sender
• The communication process begins with the sender, who is also
called the communicator or source. • The sender has some kind of information — a command, request, question, or idea — that he or she wants to present to others. • The sender must first encode the message in a form that can be understood Message
• The message or content is the information that the sender wants to relay to the receiver. • Additional subtext can be conveyed through body language and tone of voice. • Put all three elements together — sender, receiver, and message — and you have the communication process at its most basic Receiver
• The person to whom a message is directed is called
the receiver or the interpreter. • To comprehend the information from the sender, the receiver must first be able to receive the sender's information and then decode or interpret it. Medium
• Medium lso called the channel.
• The medium is the means by which a message is transmitted. • Text messages, for example, are transmitted through the medium of cell phones. Encoding and Decoding
• The encoder is the person who develops and sends the message ie Source • Encoding is the process of turning thoughts into communication. The encoder uses a ‘medium’ to send the message — a phone call, email, text message, face- to-face meeting, or other communication tool. Decoding • The audience then ‘decodes’, or interprets, the message for themselves. • Decoding is the process of turning communication into thoughts. • For example, you may realize you’re hungry and encode the following message to send to your roommate: “I’m hungry. Do you want to get pizza tonight?” As your roommate receives the message, they decode your communication and turn it back into thoughts to make meaning. Feedback
• The communication process reaches its final point when the message has been successfully transmitted, received, and understood. • The receiver, in turn, responds to the sender, indicating comprehension. • Feedback may be direct, such as a written or verbal response, or it may take the form of an act or deed in response (indirect). Reference
• Dhama, O.P. and Bhatnagar, O.P. (2007). Education and Communication
for Development. Oxford and IBH Pub.Co.Pvt. Ltd. • Berlo, D K. (1960). The process of communication. Holt Rinechart and Winston, New York. • Kaplan, A. (1964). The Conduct of Inquiry: Methodology for Behavioral Science, Chandler, San Francisco. • Ray, G L. (1991). Extension Communication and management, Naya Prokash, Calcutta. Samanta, R K. (1990). Development communication for agriculture. B R Publishing Corporation, Delhi
