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    11 - Bending Stamping

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    sdhgwd
    Bending is a sheet metal forming process that produces angled or curved parts. There are several types of bending including air bending, die bending, V-bending, U-bending, and roll bending. The bending process puts the inner face of the bend in compression and the outer face in tension. The neutral axis does not change length during bending. Minimum bend radii and maximum bend radii are determined by the sheet thickness and material properties to avoid defects. Springback occurs after bending as the material elasticity causes the bend to open slightly. Proper die and blank lengths that account for the bend radii and angles are required for accurate parts.

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    11 - Bending Stamping

    Uploaded by

    sdhgwd
    32 views14 pages
    Bending is a sheet metal forming process that produces angled or curved parts. There are several types of bending including air bending, die bending, V-bending, U-bending, and roll bending. The bending process puts the inner face of the bend in compression and the outer face in tension. The neutral axis does not change length during bending. Minimum bend radii and maximum bend radii are determined by the sheet thickness and material properties to avoid defects. Springback occurs after bending as the material elasticity causes the bend to open slightly. Proper die and blank lengths that account for the bend radii and angles are required for accurate parts.

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    rhreer

    Original Title

    11_Bending stamping

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    Bending is a sheet metal forming process that produces angled or curved parts. There are several types of bending including air bending, die bending, V-bending, U-bending, and roll bending. The bending process puts the inner face of the bend in compression and the outer face in tension. The neutral axis does not change length during bending. Minimum bend radii and maximum bend radii are determined by the sheet thickness and material properties to avoid defects. Springback occurs after bending as the material elasticity causes the bend to open slightly. Proper die and blank lengths that account for the bend radii and angles are required for accurate parts.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    32 views14 pages

    11 - Bending Stamping

    Uploaded by

    sdhgwd
    Bending is a sheet metal forming process that produces angled or curved parts. There are several types of bending including air bending, die bending, V-bending, U-bending, and roll bending. The bending process puts the inner face of the bend in compression and the outer face in tension. The neutral axis does not change length during bending. Minimum bend radii and maximum bend radii are determined by the sheet thickness and material properties to avoid defects. Springback occurs after bending as the material elasticity causes the bend to open slightly. Proper die and blank lengths that account for the bend radii and angles are required for accurate parts.

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    Bending

    Introduction

    Definition: Sheet metal forming process. Bending is the forming of solid


    parts, where angled or ring-shaped workpieces are produced from sheet
    or strip metal.
    The bending process
    Air bending

    Air bending is used mainly to straighten


    workpieces.

    Die bending (bottom bending)

    The deformation ends with a localized


    compressive stress in the die.

    V-bending U-bending
    The bending process

    Edge bending Flanging

    Edge rolling
    The bending process

    Roll bending

    the bending moment is created by


    three rolls. The top roll can be moved
    around the angle γ and the height of
    both lower rolls can be adjusted.

    By adjusting the relative positions of the


    rolls, any diameters can be produced,
    with the smallest diameter limited by the
    size of the bending rolls
    Limits of bending deformation

    Stress
    The inner side:
    compressed along the length of the workpiece
    stretched across the direction of force
    The outer side:
    stretched along the length of the workpiece
    compressed across the workpiece

    The neutral axis does not change in length (it is approximately in the centre.)
    Limits of bending deformation
    Die bending (bottom bending)

    More precise if enough pressure is applied in the die at the end of


    forming.
    The smaller the bend radius ri (punch radius), the better the accuracy of
    the angle.

    ri min smallest permissible bend radius


    𝑟𝑖 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑠 ∙ 𝑐 s sheet thickness
    c material coefficient

    Roll bending

    𝑠 ∙E ri max maximum permissible bend radius


    𝑟𝑖 𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
    2𝜎𝑦 s sheet thickness
    E Young’s modulus
    𝜎𝑦 yield stress
    Limits of bending deformation

    Material coefficient for the bending limit

    Material c values
    soft annealed hardened
    transverse longitudinal transverse longitudinal
    Al 0.01 0.3 0.3 0.8
    Cu 0.01 0.3 1.0 2.0
    CuZn 37 0.01 0.3 0.4 0.8
    C15 – C25 0.1 0.5 0.5 1.0
    C35 – C45 0.3 0.8 0.8 1.5
    Spring back

    In every bending operation spring-back occurs.


    The extent of the spring-back depends upon

    - elastic limit of the material formed


    - bending type (air bending or die bending)
    - bend radius:
    the smaller r is, the larger the plastic deformation zone is and so,
    the smaller the spring-back.
    Blank length

    L = effective length, the sum of all straight and curved sections

    𝐿 = 𝑙1 + 𝑙𝑐𝑢 + 𝑙2 ri
    s
    𝛼∙𝜋 𝑒∙𝑠 e
    𝐿 = 𝑙1 + 𝑟𝑖 + + 𝑙2
    180° 2

    L effective length
    Lcu length of the curve
    l1 , l2 length of the legs
    ri bend radius
    𝑙𝑐𝑢 s sheet thickness
    e correction value
    𝛼 bend angle

    𝑟𝑖
    5.0 3.0 2.0 1.2 0.8 0.5
    𝑠
    e 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5
    Bending force - example

    Fb bending force
    w width of the part
    s thickness of the part
    Rm tensile strength
    dw die width
    ri bend radius
    ri min smallest radius still permissible

    Bottoming force (precision)


    Die design

    V-shaped die

    h = f(s) – see literature

    U-shaped die

    t = f(s) – see literature


    Die design and bending operations
    Bending defects

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